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|Name: | |
|Date: | |
|Subject: | |
|Minerals |
Objectives
|Objective 1: ASWBAT name and describe 4 ways to identify minerals. |
|Objective 2: ASWBAT describe the 5 requirements that make something a mineral. |
|Objective 3: ASWBAT describe a mineral using streak, color, and luster. |
On a scale of 1 – 3 how well can you meet this objective now. `
(1 – Not at all 2 – I know it a little bit 3 – I know it very well)
Highlight your choice.
|Objective: 1 |1 |2 |3 |
|Objective: 2 |1 |2 |3 |
|Objective: 3 |1 |2 |3 |
Key Vocabulary Words
On a scale of 1 – 3 rate how well you know the vocabulary words below.
(1 – Not at all 2 – I know it a little bit 3– I know it very well)
|Minerals |1 |2 |3 |
|Streak |1 |2 |3 |
|Gemstones |1 |2 |3 |
|Luster |1 |2 |3 |
|Color |1 |2 |3 |
|Hardness |1 |2 |3 |
Pre-quiz
1. What is the rock cycle?
|Answer: |
2. What are the three main types of rocks?
|Answer: |
3. What makes rocks different from each other?
|Answer: |
Mineral
Minerals are naturally occurring materials that make up every rock and pebble in the Earth’s crust. Minerals are all formed by natural processes and have a crystalline structure.
Gemstones
Gemstones are mineral crystals that are beautifully colored or sparkling and are tough enough to be cut and polished. There are 4,900 different kinds of minerals, but only about 130 of them are gemstones. Of these, only about 50 are commonly used. The rarest and finest kinds of gemstone are called precious gems; more common kinds are called semiprecious gems.
To be a mineral a substance must meet five requirements:
1. Naturally occurring (not made by humans)
2. Inorganic (not produced by an organism)
3. Must be a solid at normal temperatures
4. A limited range of chemical compositions
5. Ordered atomic structure
Action! – Search for images of “mineral atomic structure”
1. What is a mineral?
|Answer: |
2. How are they formed?
|Answer: |
3. What is a gemstone?
|Answer: |
4. What is a precious gemstone?
|Answer: |
5. Describe the 5 requirements that make something a mineral.
| |Requirement |
|1 | |
|2 | |
|3 | |
|4 | |
|5 | |
What makes rocks different from each other?
There are many types of rocks in the world. What makes one type of rock different from another type of rock are the minerals that the rocks have. Mineral are naturally occurring substances that are solid at room temperature. There are about 4,900 types of minerals that have been discovered. Some are made of only one type, but most rocks are a mixture of many types of minerals. Crystals and gems like quartz and rubies are also made of minerals.
[pic]
1. What are rocks made of?
|Answer: |
2. What makes rocks different from each other?
|Answer: |
Action! – Look at the minerals out on the desk using a magnifying glass or a microscope. How are they different? How are they the same? Document your observations on a word document with your partner.
Identifying Minerals
Minerals are identified by their properties. Properties are things that can be used to describe something. For example, you could describe a property of an apple as being red. Different types of minerals have different properties. These differences in properties can be used to identify a mineral. Scientists use several different properties to classify and identify the different minerals that can be found on earth. We are going to learn about 4 of them.
1. What is a property?
|Answer: |
2. How do scientists identify minerals?
|Answer: |
Hardness
Hardness is the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched. To determine a mineral's hardness, rub the mineral against another known mineral or object to see if it will become scratched. You determine the hardness of a mineral by testing to see if you can scratch by a set of minerals that you already know the hardness of.
[pic]
1. What is hardness?
|Answer: |
2. How is the hardness of a mineral determined?
|Answer: |
Action! – Let’s test some minerals for their hardness.
Color
The color of the mineral can be used to identify it. You simply look for what color it is. Different types of minerals can be many different colors. Color is easily observed, but not always a reliable characteristic for the identification of minerals. A number of different minerals have the same color. A mineral may come in a variety of colors or may even change color due to the environment.
[pic]
1. How is color used to identify a mineral?
|Answer: |
2. Why is color an unreliable way to identify minerals?
|Answer: |
Streak
Minerals can be identified by their streak color. A mineral’s streak is the color of the powder left when the mineral is scraped across a special unglazed tile. While many minerals vary in color to look at, their streak typically remains the same color.
[pic]
Video Link: Mineral Streak Test -
1. What is a mineral streak?
|Answer: |
2. How do you determine the streak color of a mineral?
|Answer: |
Luster
Another way that minerals are identified is by what is called luster. This is the way the surface of a stone looks when it reflects light. Here are some words you can use to describe the luster of a mineral.
• Dull—Plain or rough surface with no reflection.
• Greasy—having the look of an oil-coated substance, shiny but not as bright as glass.
• Metallic—like the surface of metal, such as aluminum.
• Silky— smooth with little reflection, having the look of silk, fine parallel fibers of mineral.
• Vitreous—like glass, very shiny.
1. What is luster?
|Answer: |
2. Identify and describe 5 words that can be used to describe a minerals luster.
|Word |Description |
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| | |
| | |
| | |
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Video: Minerals: Color Streak and Luster
Brain Pop Video: Mineral Identification
Action! – Let’s identify the properties of some common minerals.
|Mineral |Color |Luster |Streak |
|Microcline (1) | | | |
|Plagioclase (2) | | | |
|Hornblende (3) | | | |
|Calcite (6) | | | |
|Quartz (7) | | | |
|Talc (19) | | | |
|Rhodonite (31) (silver Ore) | | | |
|Malachite (32) (Copper Ore) | | | |
|Graphite (36) | | | |
|Magnetite (38) (Iron Ore) | | | |
|Bauxite (39) (Aluminum Ore) | | | |
|Pyrite (40) (Iron Ore) | | | |
|Gypsum (44) | | | |
Quiz
Directions: Answer the following questions to see if you met the objectives.
1. What is a mineral?
|Answer: |
2. How are minerals formed?
|Answer: |
3. What is a gemstone?
|Answer: |
4. Describe the 5 requirements that make something a mineral.
| |Requirement |
|1 | |
|2 | |
|3 | |
|4 | |
|5 | |
5. What are rocks made of?
|Answer: |
6. What makes rocks different from each other?
|Answer: |
7. What is hardness?
|Answer: |
8. Why is color an unreliable way to identify minerals?
|Answer: |
9. What is a mineral streak?
|Answer: |
10. What is luster?
|Answer: |
11. Identify and describe 5 words that can be used to describe a minerals luster.
|Word |Description |
|Dull | |
|Greasy | |
|Metallic | |
|Silky | |
|Vitreous | |
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Minerals
Dull
Greasy
Metallic
Silky
Vitreous
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