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FORUM: The Special Conference,QUESTION OF: Declining human organ traffickingMAIN SUBMITTER: Belgium?CO-SUBMITTER: People’s Republic of China, Turkey, Indonesia, Brazil, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, France, Canada, HaitiTHE SPECIAL CONFERENCE,Aware that there is a global demand for organs for transplantation, far exceeding the numbers available,Bearing in mind that commercial trade in human organs is illegal in all countries except Iran,Further recalling that organ trafficking remains widespread despite these prohibitions,?Realizing that data on the extent of the black-market trade in organs is difficult to obtain,?Affirming that organ transfer typically occurs from developing countries to developed nations,Keeping in mind that illegal organ trafficking is predominantly imposed on impoverished people in developing nations,?Expecting that only 10% of the global needs for organ transplantation are currently met,Reaffirming that 71% of organ donors in India fall below the poverty line,??Taking note that organ trafficking, an international crime, is estimated to generate between $600 million and $1.2 billion in profits per year,Having studied that 85% of the majority who sold a kidney to repay a debt reported no economic improvement in their lives, as they were still in debt or were unable to achieve their objective in selling the kidney,?Keeping in mind that the World Health Organization (WHO) first declared organ trade illegal, in 1987, stating that such a trade violates the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,Noting that UNODC created an assessment toolkit covering the “Trafficking in Persons for the purpose of Organ removal,” including case studies made up of the conduction of interviews with criminal justice practitioners, health insurance companies, employees of consulates and the travel industry, ?Recognizing that a lack of communication between medical authorities and law enforcement agencies led to the failure of the enforcement of laws regarding organ trade,Having considered that transplant tourism is the purchase of a transplanted organ abroad that includes access to an organ while bypassing laws, rules, or processes of any or all countries involved,Reminding that the illegal trade in kidneys has risen to such a level that an estimated 10,000 black market operations involving purchased human organs now take place annually,Noting that organ trade also raises ethical and legal concerns for healthcare providers towards the treatment of a patient,Affirming that Paycheck Fairness Act is the United States labor law that would add procedural protections to the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Fair Labor Standards Act as part of an effort to address the gender pay gap in the United States,?Calls for member states that find themselves in a situation of a shortage of organs to implement and enforce laws in order to restrict human organ trafficking in ways such as but not limited to:adhering to the assessment toolkit created by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) focused on trafficking in persons by:clearly defining the criminal offense of trafficking in persons and prohibitions as well as allowable practices pertaining to organ removal and transplantation,prohibiting the advertisement (including electronically and through print media) related to selling, buying or brokering organs,ensuring hospitals to be held liable for their involvement in trafficking in persons for organ removal with the approval of the government based on the laws,enhancing the communication between medical authorities and law enforcement agencies for physicians to legitimately adapt to the nationally enforced laws related to organ trafficking by:allowing the reviewing of the medical records and histories in the national medical database to build an effective case against perpetrators,holding occasional collaborative sessions between the medical authorities and law enforcement department to analyze the progress and practice of the law in contemporary;?Requests member states and organizations such as Human Rights Watch (HRW) and Anti-Slavery International to take part in raising awareness among the general public of the issue presented by the human organ trafficking and ways to decrease the organ trafficking in ways such as but not limited to:promoting the use of popular media such to convey the severeness of situations with organ trafficking in ways such as but not limited to:providing the statistics for the yearly conducted organ trafficking on online media,increasing the release of the news articles related to the severity of Human Organ Trafficking off and online,spreading the pamphlets related to the severity of Human Organ Trafficking in hospitals, densely populated places, and slums,linking the term, “Organ Trafficking”, with organ transplant-related searches in search engines,enhancing the transparency of the reports made by the WHO and UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) on online platforms,commercials and banners that advertise the banning of organ trafficking,requesting the public to attain education related to the needs for banning human organ trafficking due to the dangers and side effects of organ trafficking such as infection to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV, through means such as but not limited to:education for the people who are vulnerable to exploitation by traffickers as potential donors,public education conducted in schools through utilizing resources and data created by the WHO and UNODC,online lectures created by the health care department through ensuring it to be available for everyone with no charges,notifications from the health care organizations about the dangers of human organ trafficking especially in the areas that are suffering from poverty,raising awareness among the medical and health professionals and others who may come into contact with trafficking in persons for organ removal by:exposing the humanitarian ethics that are deviated from trafficking in persons for organ removal,sensitizing the legal punishments that could be addressed via conducting illegal organ trafficking and transplants,sharing the reasons for the mandatory need of the organ supplier interview regarding the subjects such as biographical and family background checks, medical history checks, organ removal process, payment, and witness and suspects;Urges member states and organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) to efficiently prevent needs for organ transplantation in ways such as but not limited to:treating diseases such as diabetes and hepatitis that commonly lead to organ failure especially targeted in Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) in ways such as but not limited to:requests member states of LEDCs to develop their medical skills and knowledge through being encouraged to increase their capacity for occupational health research.?financial and medical support from Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs), such as Doctors Without Borders (MSF) especially to countries affected by endemic diseases,upgrading medical facilities and standardizing medical care in developing countries by supports from organizations such as Rural Health Care Foundation (RHCF) and Goonj;4. Calls upon from governments of member states to successfully prevent people who aresuffering from poverty from selling their organs with their own decision with wayssuch as but not limited to:asks governments of Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) to implement or strengthen regulations that would reduce situations when individuals decide by themselves to sell their own organs by limiting the larger number of risks where people can lose money such as gambles by harshly punishing illegal businesses and individuals who are engaged in,protecting the vulnerable groups such as the ones that are financially unstable from the sale of tissues and organs by:enforcing the prohibitions of adopting a transparent regulatory oversight system that ensures donor-recipient safety,ethical practices from governments,monitoring the current circumstances of the people through accommodating national health care department to conduct periodic checkups,promoting counseling sessions so that people will be psychologically stable and secured,increasing the inspections and patrols made by the national department of security during the day especially in the regions vulnerable to the exploitation by traffickers,convincing the local civilians from not selling organs by warning citizens with qualified statistics about negative health outcomes and financial outcomes caused by selling organs,lending loans from NGOs such as Kiva instead of private loaners to peacefully provide financial access for those who are in danger due to financial issues,setting a financial donation charity supported by the United Nations for people with extreme poverty who are willing to sell their organs;5. Recommends the government to develop the organized systems of deceased organdonation focused on increasing the number of donors and the possible transplants of organs each year through means such as but not limited to:ensuring the donor that he or she is free from deception, coercion, or undue influence by:reaffirming them to make voluntary decisions or act according to the opt out-laws when prescribed of incurable symptom or disease,encouraging health professionals to converse with the donor on the affirmations of organ donation until the donor is fully aware of the procedures and means,tackling the validity of consent in non-resident donors through overcoming the language barriers, and differences in documentation (identity, differences in cultural norms),?????????????????????????????????????????assuring the public trust and accountability of service providers by:determining the procedures related to organ recovery after death,supporting transparency of donation and transplantation practices through designating authorities in each jurisdiction to oversee and be accountable for deceased organ donation and allocation,evaluating the causes of death and the safety of the organs through scrutinized examinations by utilizing the investigation results from specialists that work for examining diseased organs to ensure the safety of the deceased organ;advertising the availability of donation of organs after death through public and internet campaigns, rewarding deceased organ donors with the bereaved family administered by a federal government by:supporting the funeral of the donor,rewarding them with the honorable recognitions for a courageous and life-saving act from the government;??????????????????????????6. Strongly suggests prohibiting transplant tourism to prevent the means ofpurchasing transplant organs of other countries to solve the organ shortages within individual nations by:?checking the place that the organs originated from to restrict the trafficking caused by the foreign black markets through means such as but not limited to:setting a high order of concerns on implementing background checks of organs made by the government’s health care organization as well as the physicians who would operate transplantation,?filling the specified mandatory form of purposes for business and the residence of the businessmen during their visit initiated by the ministry of foreign affairs;solidifying the universal punishments that ensure to provide a strict penalty to the black markets, brokers, doctors, and hospitals if they violated the laws by:incorporating the members of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime with the representatives to standardize the direct punishments for offenders,fining the offenders to make them realize their mistakes and hinder the launch of second black markets;imprisoning the brokers, black marketers, and doctors for faults according to the number of years, gravity, and frequency of their trafficking conducts;?requesting countries that have facilitated organ trafficking to release precise data regarding the number of foreign patients to these countries for transplants or else to restrict transplant tourism,enhancing the donor pool in MEDCs to meet their own needs to act as a strong deterrent to the proliferation of transplant tourism in impoverished nations by:providing training in advanced skills for kidney transplant surgeries,upgrading facilities for nephrectomies,establishing regulatory guidelines for certification of providers and quality assurance of services in developing countries;7. Encourages individual nations to reduce poverty that is one of the main causes of thetrafficking of human organs through the support of the member states and cooperate with both Non-Governmental Organizations by:a) increasing the employment rate through means such as but not limited to:creating jobs that would strengthen the environment and surroundings of the society through rebuilding the infrastructure, renovating abandoned housing, and revitalizing neighborhoods through providing necessary facilities such as cultural centers and parks,developing renewable energy sources so that workers could work on the developing areas of work-field,forming common-sense investments that create jobs,?building on proven models of subsidized employment to help the long term unemployed and other disadvantaged workers to enter the labor force,recommending all member states and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) such as Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE international) and intergovernmental organizations to provide basic humanitarian needs, in ways such as but not limited to:gathering funds to financially support these organizations, ensuring that financial support is used in the right purpose through fundraising events and gathering donations,using the fund provided by the countries to develop a stabilized system for individuals to ensure constant supplies of a variety of food,using the fund provided to teach the communities the basic knowledge to raise crops using farm machines and more to make communities where aid will be no longer needed,support pay equity through closing the gender wage gap by:passing the Paycheck fairness act to hold employers accountable for discriminatory salary practices,providing wages according to the salary details for each member and staff and provide a salary calculator to allow anyone to quickly calculate what they could earn at buffer and see the compensation for each role,invest in affordable, high-quality childcare and early education to work and improve the future economy that would lead to reducing poverty. ................
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