TYPESCRIPT

TYPESCRIPT

Table of Contents

TypeScript Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 5

TypeScript Version History .................................................................................................................................................. 5

Why TypeScript? ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6

How to use TypeScript? .......................................................................................................................................................... 6

TypeScript Features ................................................................................................................................................................. 7

TypeScript Advantages ........................................................................................................................................................... 8

Install TypeScript....................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Install TypeScript using NPM .............................................................................................................................................. 9

TypeScript Playground ........................................................................................................................................................... 9

TypeScript - Type Annotations ........................................................................................................................................ 10

TypeScript - Variable ............................................................................................................................................................ 12

var ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

let .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Advantages of using let over var................................................................................................................................ 14

Const.................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

TypeScript Data Type - Number ..................................................................................................................................... 18

Number Methods .......................................................................................................................................................... 18

toExponential().............................................................................................................................................................. 18

toFixed() ............................................................................................................................................................................ 19

toLocaleString()............................................................................................................................................................. 19

toPrecision() ................................................................................................................................................................... 20

toString()........................................................................................................................................................................... 20

valueOf()............................................................................................................................................................................ 21

TypeScript ¨C String................................................................................................................................................................. 22

Template String .................................................................................................................................................................. 22

String methods .................................................................................................................................................................... 22

charAt().............................................................................................................................................................................. 23

concat() .............................................................................................................................................................................. 23

indexOf() ........................................................................................................................................................................... 23

replace() ............................................................................................................................................................................ 24

split()................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

toUpperCase() ................................................................................................................................................................ 25

toLowerCase()................................................................................................................................................................ 25

TypeScript Data Type ¨C Boolean ..................................................................................................................................... 26

TypeScript - Arrays ................................................................................................................................................................ 27

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Accessing Array Elements: ...................................................................................................................................... 28

Array Methods..................................................................................................................................................................... 29

TypeScript ¨C Tuples ............................................................................................................................................................... 30

Accessing Tuple Elements........................................................................................................................................ 31

Add Elements into Tuple .......................................................................................................................................... 31

TypeScript Data Type ¨C Enum.......................................................................................................................................... 33

Numeric Enum .................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Computed Enums: ........................................................................................................................................................ 35

String Enum .......................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Heterogeneous Enum ...................................................................................................................................................... 36

Reverse Mapping ............................................................................................................................................................... 37

TypeScript - Union ................................................................................................................................................................. 39

TypeScript Data Type - Any............................................................................................................................................... 40

TypeScript Data Type ¨C Void ............................................................................................................................................ 41

TypeScript Data Type - Never .......................................................................................................................................... 42

Difference between never and void ......................................................................................................................... 42

Type Inference in TypeScript ........................................................................................................................................... 43

Type inference in complex objects ........................................................................................................................... 43

Type Assertion in TypeScript ........................................................................................................................................... 45

TypeScript - if else .................................................................................................................................................................. 47

if else Condition .................................................................................................................................................................. 47

else if ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 48

Ternary operator ............................................................................................................................................................... 48

TypeScript - switch ................................................................................................................................................................ 49

TypeScript - for Loops .......................................................................................................................................................... 51

for Loop ................................................................................................................................................................................... 51

for...of Loop ........................................................................................................................................................................... 52

for...in Loop ........................................................................................................................................................................... 52

TypeScript - while Loop ...................................................................................................................................................... 53

do..while loop ....................................................................................................................................................................... 54

TypeScript - Functions ......................................................................................................................................................... 55

Named Functions ............................................................................................................................................................... 55

Anonymous Function....................................................................................................................................................... 55

Function Parameters ....................................................................................................................................................... 56

Optional Parameters ........................................................................................................................................................ 56

Default Parameters ........................................................................................................................................................... 57

TypeScript - Arrow Functions .......................................................................................................................................... 58

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TypeScript - Function Overloading ............................................................................................................................... 60

TypeScript - Rest Parameters........................................................................................................................................... 61

TypeScript - Interfaces ......................................................................................................................................................... 62

Interface as Type................................................................................................................................................................ 62

Interface as Function Type ........................................................................................................................................... 63

Interface for Array Type................................................................................................................................................. 64

Optional Property .............................................................................................................................................................. 64

Read only Properties ....................................................................................................................................................... 65

Extending Interfaces ........................................................................................................................................................ 65

Implementing an Interface ........................................................................................................................................... 66

TypeScript - Classes ............................................................................................................................................................... 67

Constructor ........................................................................................................................................................................... 68

Creating an Object of Class............................................................................................................................................ 68

Inheritance ............................................................................................................................................................................ 69

Class Implements Interface .......................................................................................................................................... 70

Interface extends Class ................................................................................................................................................... 71

Method Overriding............................................................................................................................................................ 71

TypeScript - Abstract Class ................................................................................................................................................ 73

TypeScript - Data Modifiers............................................................................................................................................... 75

public........................................................................................................................................................................................ 75

private...................................................................................................................................................................................... 75

protected ................................................................................................................................................................................ 76

TypeScript - ReadOnly ......................................................................................................................................................... 77

TypeScript - Static .................................................................................................................................................................. 79

TypeScript - Modules ............................................................................................................................................................ 81

Export ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Import ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Importing a Single export from a Module:....................................................................................................... 83

Importing the Entire Module into a Variable ................................................................................................. 83

Renaming an Export from a Module:.................................................................................................................. 83

Compiling a TypeScript Module ...................................................................................................................................... 84

Using Module in Web Application ............................................................................................................................. 86

TypeScript - Namespaces ................................................................................................................................................... 87

Compiling Namespace ..................................................................................................................................................... 89

Namespace vs Module ..................................................................................................................................................... 90

TypeScript - Generics............................................................................................................................................................ 91

Multiple Type Variables: ................................................................................................................................................ 92

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Methods and Properties of Generic Type .............................................................................................................. 93

Generic Constraints .......................................................................................................................................................... 94

TypeScript - Generic Interface ......................................................................................................................................... 95

TypeScript - Generic Classes ............................................................................................................................................. 98

Compile TypeScript Project ............................................................................................................................................ 100

tsconfig.json ....................................................................................................................................................................... 100

TypeScript - Build Tools ................................................................................................................................................... 103

Browserify .......................................................................................................................................................................... 103

Grunt...................................................................................................................................................................................... 103

Gulp ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 104

Webpack .............................................................................................................................................................................. 105

Converting Existing JavaScript to TypeScript ....................................................................................................... 106

Add tsconfig.json File to Project.............................................................................................................................. 106

Integrate with a build tool.......................................................................................................................................... 107

Converting .js files to .ts files .................................................................................................................................... 108

Check for Errors .............................................................................................................................................................. 108

Using Third-party JavaScript Libraries ............................................................................................................... 110

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