Go Programming - Tutorialspoint
Go Programming
About the Tutorial
Go language is a programming language initially developed at Google in the year 2007 by
Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is a statically-typed language having
syntax similar to that of C. It provides garbage collection, type safety, dynamic-typing
capability, many advanced built-in types such as variable length arrays and key-value
maps. It also provides a rich standard library.
The Go programming language was launched in November 2009 and is used in some of
the Google's production systems.
Audience
This tutorial is designed for software programmers with a need to understand the Go
programming language from scratch. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on
Go programming language from where you can take yourself to higher levels of expertise.
Prerequisites
Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of computer
programming terminologies. If you have a good command over C, then it would be quite
easy for you to understand the concepts of Go programming and move fast on the learning
track.
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Go Programming
Table of Contents
About the Tutorial ..................................................................................................................................... i
Audience .................................................................................................................................................... i
Prerequisites .............................................................................................................................................. i
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii
1. GO PROGRAMMING C OVERVIEW......................................................................................... 1
Features of Go Programming .................................................................................................................... 1
Features Excluded Intentionally ................................................................................................................ 1
Go Programs ............................................................................................................................................. 1
Compiling and Executing Go Programs ...................................................................................................... 2
2. GO PROGRAMMING C ENVIRONMENT SETUP....................................................................... 3
Try it Option Online .................................................................................................................................. 3
Local Environment Setup .......................................................................................................................... 3
Text Editor ................................................................................................................................................ 3
The Go Compiler ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Download Go Archive ............................................................................................................................... 4
Installation on UNIX/Linux/Mac OS X, and FreeBSD ................................................................................. 4
Installation on Windows ........................................................................................................................... 5
Verifying the Installation........................................................................................................................... 5
3. GO PROGRAMMING C PROGRAM STRUCTURE ..................................................................... 6
Hello World Example ................................................................................................................................ 6
Executing a Go Program ............................................................................................................................ 7
4. GO PROGRAMMING C BASIC SYNTAX.................................................................................... 8
Tokens in Go ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Line Separator........................................................................................................................................... 8
Comments ................................................................................................................................................ 8
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Go Programming
Identifiers ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Keywords .................................................................................................................................................. 9
Whitespace in Go ...................................................................................................................................... 9
5. GO PROGRAMMING C DATA TYPES ..................................................................................... 11
Integer Types .......................................................................................................................................... 11
Floating Types ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Other Numeric Types .............................................................................................................................. 12
6. GO PROGRAMMING C VARIABLES ....................................................................................... 14
Variable Definition in Go ......................................................................................................................... 14
Static Type Declaration in Go .................................................................................................................. 15
Dynamic Type Declaration / Type Inference in Go .................................................................................. 16
Mixed Variable Declaration in Go ........................................................................................................... 16
The lvalues and the rvalues in Go............................................................................................................ 17
7. GO PROGRAMMING C CONSTANTS..................................................................................... 18
Integer Literals ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Floating-point Literals ............................................................................................................................. 18
Escape Sequence ..................................................................................................................................... 19
String Literals in Go ................................................................................................................................. 20
The const Keyword.................................................................................................................................. 20
8. GO PROGRAMMING C OPERATORS ..................................................................................... 22
Arithmetic Operators .............................................................................................................................. 22
Relational Operators ............................................................................................................................... 24
Logical Operators .................................................................................................................................... 26
Bitwise Operators ................................................................................................................................... 27
Assignment Operators ............................................................................................................................ 30
Miscellaneous Operators ........................................................................................................................ 32
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Go Programming
Operators Precedence in Go ................................................................................................................... 33
9. GO PROGRAMMING C DECISION MAKING .......................................................................... 36
The if Statement ..................................................................................................................................... 37
The ifelse Statement ............................................................................................................................ 38
Nested if Statement ................................................................................................................................ 40
The Switch Statement ............................................................................................................................. 41
The Select Statement .............................................................................................................................. 45
The if...else if...else Statement ................................................................................................................ 46
10. GO PROGRAMMING C LOOPS ............................................................................................. 49
for Loop .................................................................................................................................................. 49
Nested for Loops ..................................................................................................................................... 53
Loop Control Statements ........................................................................................................................ 55
The continue Statement .......................................................................................................................... 57
The goto Statement ................................................................................................................................ 59
The Infinite Loop ..................................................................................................................................... 61
11. GO PROGRAMMING C FUNCTIONS ..................................................................................... 63
Defining a Function ................................................................................................................................. 63
Calling a Function .................................................................................................................................... 64
Returning Multiple Values from Function ............................................................................................... 65
Function Arguments................................................................................................................................ 66
Call by Value ........................................................................................................................................... 66
Call by Reference .................................................................................................................................... 68
Function Usage ....................................................................................................................................... 70
Function Closures.................................................................................................................................... 71
Method ................................................................................................................................................... 72
12. GO PROGRAMMING C SCOPE RULES ................................................................................... 74
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