Lecture
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CCNY [pic]
Chem A1100 Spring 2009
COURSE SYLLABUS
[pic]
LECTURES
INSTRUCTOR: Professor Teresa J. Bandosz
office : J-1316; [pic]Telephone: (212) 650-6017; E-mail: tbandosz@.ccny.cuny.edu
CONSULTING HOURS: Tuesday, and Thursday: 11-12 or by appointment.
TIME: 3 credit hours. On selected Tuesdays or Thursdays 5:00- 6:15 PM
This is an online hybrid course. It requires Internet access. We will meet on selected Tuesdays or Thursdays ( see the syllabus) to discuss the assignments. You have to submit the assignment during the week when it is posted. Your assignment will be graded. You are expected to follow the lecture schedule yourself. The lecture notes are included in the Course Documents. Two midterm exams and final examination are scheduled to be taken in at CCNY.
Wherever you have access to the Internet, you can get to CUNY portal at and then log-in using your username and password (as a registered student you should have one). If you do not have username and password you have to register following the instructions.
You can also get an access to your site following the link to the Blackboard at CCNY portal and Environmental Chemistry course A1100 for Spring 2009.
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TEXT BOOK: Environmental Chemistry; S.E. Manahan, 8th edition, 2004
WEBSITE:
Blackboard site access via:
PREREQUISITES:
General Chemistry: 10401
Organic Chemistry: 26100
Analytical Chemistry: 24300
GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Environmental Chemistry is intended to broaden the students understanding of chemical processes taking place in our environment. The relationship between atmospheric, soil and water chemistry will be underlined. This course draws upon general, analytical and organic chemistry experience.
LEARNING GOALS:
Students should:
Know the relationship between all spheres of the environment
Know the major pollutants in all spheres, their origin and fate
Be aware of the environmental effects of pollution
Know the cycles of environmentally significant elements
Be aware of the effects of pollution on humans
Link technology, resources and energy
Know how to identify and how to treat hazardous wastes
Know what analytical techniques are used to study the pollution of the environment.
CONCEPTUAL THINKING OBJECTIVES:
Reading: cause-effect logic, hypothesis testing, summarizing logic
Writing: cause-effect links, objective designing, experiment planing
Data analysis: relevant data sources, data treatment, qualitative and quantitative evaluation, data consistency, error analysis
Models: cause-effect, correlation, trends
LEARNING ACTIVITIES/ ASSESMENT TOOLS:
Text reading[pic]
On line assignments
Class-time (discussion) [pic]
Group discussion
Problem solving (individual)
Student-instructor consulting
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HOME ASSIGNMENT: The course requires extensive reading and understanding of each chapter covered during the lecture. Students are encouraged to solve the problems and find answers to all theoretical questions after each chapter.
ATTENDANCE: Students are required to attend all in class discussions and submit on line all assignments. After three absences the instructor will ask the Registrar to withdraw the student form the course with WU.
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TERM PAPER: In addition to lectures students are required to prepare a term paper dealing with current environmental problems (at least 3500 words). This assignment is based on extended literature study and analysis of the published data. At the end of the term each student is supposed to give a short presentation summarizing his/her environmental research. Each student can chose a topic according to his/her interests. A deadline to submit the title and short abstract is March 10. Term paper is expected to be computer generated. It should consist of Introduction, Results (if applied), Discussion, Conclusion and References Cited according to the scientific format. The paper will be graded by the instructor, however, for the grade from the presentation the grades given by the student peers will be taken into account.
GRADING: [pic]
No INCOMPLETE Grade
Hour test (2) 30%
Term paper 30%
Presentation 10%
Final 30%
To arrange a make up of an exam a note from a doctor,
etc. HAS TO be shown.
HONESTY:
In this course, students are encouraged to discuss the problems on term papers with one another, however the submission of identical work is plagiarism
READING LIST (suggestion):
Scientific Journals:
Environmental Science and Technology
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering Progress
Environmental Progress
Chemtech
Water Resources
and other relevant WEB resources
Relationship of course to program outcomes:
After completing this course students should:
| |Dept outcome letters |
|Know the relationship between all spheres of environment in terms of generation and fate of pollutants. |b, c |
|Know causes and effects of acid rain, global warming, ozone layer depletions, and photochemical smog | |
|Be able to describe in chemistry terms (reactions, phase interactions) the effects of basic inorganic and | |
|organic pollutants (acidic gases, PAH, radicals, heavy metals) on the environment. |a, b, c |
|Be aware of the solutions used to minimize, reduce and recycle wastes generated in the anthrosphere. | |
|Be able to evaluate the role of chemist and chemical engineers in polluting/cleaning the environment | |
|Work as part of a problem solving team to solve chemistry problems. |a, e |
|Be able to search data bases to extract the needed information | |
| |a, e, i |
| | |
| |b,d |
| | |
| |f, k |
| |b, d |
| | |
| |aj |
Topics covered:
1. Nitric Dioxide in Urban Air: Its Origin, Concentration and Fate (one week)
2. Lead in Soil (two weeks)
3. Lead in Shells (one week)
4. PCBs in the lower Hudson River sediments (two weeks)
5. Pesticides in fruits and vegetables (two weeks)
6. Hudson River water Basic Characteristics of Natural Waters (one week)
7. Nitrates in Soils (one week)
8. Air filtration: Removal of ammonia
9. Water filtration: Activated carbons as adorbents
Relationship of course to program outcomes:
The outcome of this course contribute to the following departmental educational outcomes:
Course objective
Numbers
|demonstrate an understanding of the fundamental principles of chemistry, including atomic and molecular |2-4 |
|structure, quantum chemistry, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, kinetics and mechanism, equilibrium, | |
|thermochemistry and thermodynamics, molecular structure and function, electrochemistry, and the periodic chemical| |
|properties of the elements. | |
|apply the fundamental principles of chemistry to life sciences, the environment, materials, engineering, and | |
|emerging technological fields of chemistry, as well as to everyday situations. | |
|apply mathematical concepts to chemical problems |1, 2, 5 |
|work as part of a problem-solving team | |
|convey facts, theories and results about chemistry in written form | |
|use oral presentation to convey facts, theories and results about chemistry |6, 7, |
|access and utilize chemical information technology | |
|design and execute scientific research |7 |
|apply ethical responsibilities and professional conduct |4-6 |
| |6 |
| | |
| |6 |
| | |
| |7 |
| |1 |
| |6 |
A: SCHEDULE OF LECTURES [pic]
(to be done individually)
DATE CHAPTERS and High priority areas
Jan. 27 IN CLASS MEETING
1. Environmental Science and Technology
relationship between different spheres
Jan. 29 2. Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Cycles
characteristics of hydrosphere
main components of atmosphere
geosphere and soil
importance of respiration (aerobic and anaerobic)
cycles of matter
main steps in the cycles of :
8. carbon,
9. nitrogen
10. sulfur
11. phosphorus
Feb. 3
3.1-3.7. Fundamentals of Aquatic Chemistry
12. Properties of water
13. solubility of oxygen in water
14. water acidity and the role of CO2
15. water alkalinity
16. metal ions in water and their effect on the properties of water
17. complexation
18. calculations of concentrations of [CO2], [HCO3-], [CO32- ], [Ca2+ ], [H+]
Feb. 5 IN CLASS MEETING
3.8-3.14. Fundamentals of Aquatic Chemistry
19. formation constants and complexation
20. solubilization of lead, the mechanism
21. polyphosphates and their main reactions
22. the role of humic acid in water
Feb.10
4. Oxidation-Reduction
definitions of terms
pE and its change in a stratified body of water
redox reactions
electron activity
Nerst equation. dependence of pE on K
limitations of pE in water (pE-pH diagrams, the fundamentals of their creation)
Feb. 17 5. Phase Interactions
sediments, their composition and main reactions
solubility of solids and gases
characterization of colloids
types of aggregation process
sorption on solids
ion exchange in sediments
Feb. 19 IN CLASS MEETING
6. Aquatic Microbial Biochemistry
types of microorganisms (algaes, fungi, protozoa, bacteria)
the role of bacteria metabolism in the environment
reactions involved in bacteria metabolism
the general mechanism of biodegradation by bacteria
role of bacteria in nitrogen cycle
Feb. 24
7. Water Pollution
types of water pollutants
heavy metals, metalloids
inorganic species
organic pollutants, their sources, types and environmental repercussions
Feb. 26 IN CLASS MEETING
8. Water Treatment
44. Steps in waste water treatment
45. Similarities and differences in sewage and industrial water treatments
46. Major chemical reactions used in water treatment:
Their purposes and examples
47. precipitation
48. colloid formation
49. ion exchange
50. complexation
51. oxidation-reduction
52. Physical processes applied in water treatment (removal of organics)
53. Disinfection
54. Natural purification of water
March 3 EXAMINATION 1
March 5 9.Atmosphere
55. Characteristics of the atmosphere and its major components
56. Mechanisms of Energy Transfer
57. Effects of atmospheric mass transfer on weather
58. Temperature inversion and pollution
59. Forms of species in the atmosphere
60. Chemical reactions and their examples
Photochemical reactions
Reactions of free radicals
Acid-base reactions
64. Chain reactions of oxygen and nitrogen
March 10 10. Particles in the Atmopshere
65. Forms of particles in the atmosphere
66. Particles formation. Physical and chemical processes.
67. Particles composition. Chemical nature.
68. Effects of particles on the environment
Particulate emission control
March 12 IN CLASS MEETING
11. Gaseous inorganic Air pollutants
70. Chemical formulas of gaseous inorganic air pollutants
71. Fate of CO.
72. Atmospheric reactions of NOx.
73. Creation of acid rain
74. Sources of gaseous air pollutants
75. Methods of pollution prevention.
March 17
12. Organic Air Pollutants
76. Classification of organic pollutants
77. Main reactions in the atmosphere
oxidation
reactions with radicals and radical formation
80. Examples of organic pollutants containing heteroatoms.
81. Organohalides and their effect on environment
March 19 13. Photochemical Smog
82. Ingredients required to generate photochemical smog
83. Role of hydrocarbons and NOx in the process of smog formation
chain reactions
85. Gross photochemical oxidant (main components)
86. Inorganic products from smog.
87. Catalytic conversions in automobiles
88. Effects of smog on the environment
March 24: IN CLASS MEETING
14. The endangered Global Atmosphere
89. Natural and anthropogenic changes in the atmosphere
90. Mechanism of creation and effects on environment of:
global warming
acid rains
ozone layer depletion
photochemical smog
95. Actions to prevent atmospheric pollution
March 26 15. The Geosphere and Chemistry
96. Classification of rocks
97. Classification of minerals
98. Rock cycle
99. Clays and their role in soils
100. Water and air in soils
101. The influence of organic matter on the properties of soils
102. Chemical and physical weathering
March 31 IN CLASS MEETING
16. Soil Chemistry
103. Environmental aspects of agriculture
104. Reactions in soils determining their acidity
105. Macro- and Micro- nutrients and their functions
106. Wastes and pollutants in soils and their fate
107. Soil conservation
April 2 EXAMINATION 2
April 7 17. Technology, Resources and Energy
108. Relationship between technology, resources and energy
109. Environmental impact of manufacturing
110. Environmental impact of transportation
111. Natural resources of raw materials and their importance to manufacturing
112. Energy resources and conservation of energy
113. Environmental aspect of application of fossil fuels
114. Alternative sources of energy
April 21
18. Nature and Sources of Hazardous Waste
115. Classification of hazardous materials
116. Characteristics of hazardous materials
117. Origin of hazardous wastes
118. Characteristics of:
Flammable and combustible substances
reactive substances
corrosive substances
toxic substances
April 23 IN CLASS MEETING
19. Environmental Chemistry of Hazardous Waste
123. Sources of hazardous wastes by the points of entry
124. Factors influencing the transport and behavior of wastes in the environment
125. Transport, interactions and fate of hazardous wastes in
geosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
April 28 20. Reducing, Treating and Dispensing of Hazardous Waste
130. Physical methods of waste treatment
131. Chemical methods of waste treatment.
132. Methods of waste preparation for disposal
133. Special treatment of wastes
Leachate treatment
Gas emission treatment
In situ treatment
April 30 in class meeting
22. Toxicological Chemistry
137. Criteria of toxicants classification.
138. Behavior of toxicants in the body.
139. Kinetic and dynamic phase of toxicants in the body
140. Responses of organisms
141. Tetratogens, mutagens, carcinogens.
May 5 Term paper presentation/ discussion
May 7 Term paper presentation/ discussion
May 12 Term paper presentation/ discussion
May 14 Term paper presentation/ discussion
FINAL-covers all material
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