Science SkillS Identify and - West Orange Public Schools
Science Skills
First, identify the variable that will
be changed. In this case, the amount of light
that the plant receives is changed. This is
the independent variable.
illustration by Cende Hill
Next, figure out what will be measured.
For this question, the amount that the
plants grow is what is being measured,
so this is the dependent variable. The
dependent variable depends on the
independent variable. The amount that the
plants grow depends on the amount of sun
they get. The independent variable is what
you change, and the dependent variable is
what happens because of the change.
Circle the parts of the picture that show the
independent variable.
? Learning A¨CZ All rights reserved.
Every experiment should have only one
independent variable. If the question were
¡°How much sun and water does a plant
need?¡± two things would be being studied
at once¡ªsun and water, which would be
confusing. It¡¯s important to change only
one variable at a time.
? Tang Wai
Variables make science exciting. What
is a variable? The root word of variable
is vary. When you vary something, you
change it. So, variables are things that can
change. In science, there are three main
types of variables: independent, dependent,
and controlled. Think about variables for a
question such as, ¡°Does a bean plant grow
best in sun or shade?¡±
Identify and
Control Variables
The only way to get reliable results
from this experiment is to make sure that
all the other variables stay the same, or
are controlled. There are many variables
that would need to be controlled in this
experiment. Examples include: how much
water each plant gets, what kind of soil the
plants are in, and the temperature of the air.
If any of these variables were to change
during the experiment, you could not
be certain that the results occurred solely
due to the amount of sunlight each plant got.
Understanding the differences between
independent, dependent, and controlled
variables will help make all your science
experiments more successful.
oW
hat is an independent variable?
oW
hat type of measurement tool
would you use if your dependent
variable were the temperature of water?
oW
hy is it important that all variables
in an experiment, except for the
independent variable, are controlled?
sciencea-
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