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SecurityMissile/ SatelliteFeaturesAstra: BVR, air to air (40 kilometers, launched from aircrafts)Akash, Trishul: Surface to AirNag: Anti tankPrithvi: Surface to Surface, short range, 2-stage (solid/liquid) fueledAgni: ICBM, long range, 3-stage solid fueled; primarily for nuclear weapons delivery (Agni-5 is canister based)Dhanush: Ship-launched, surface to surfaceAkashSurface-to-air, medium range missile, range of 30 km, India’s first indigenously designed, developed, and produced such missileAstraAstra is a beyond visual range (BVR) air-to-air missile developed by DRDO (20-80 km range)Astra was recently successfully launched from Sukhoi-30 fighter aircraft to hit a simulated target. It is indigenously developed Agni-III Its a 2-stage, solid propelled, surface-to-surface missile, with a strike range of 3,000+ kmAgni VIndigenously developed canister-based inter-continental ballistic missile (ICBM)This is a three-stage solid propellant missile with strike range of over 5,000 kilometer and capable of carrying nuclear warhead of over one tonneCan cover most parts of China and EuropePrithvi IIThe missile is indigenously developed?nuclear capable surface-to-surface missile?with a strike range of 350 kmThe missile is thrusted by liquid propulsion twine enginesIt uses advanced inertial guidance system with manoeuvering trajectoryIt is the first missile to be developed by DRDO under India’s prestigious IGMDP (Integrated Guided Missile Development Program)Dhanush missileVariant of Prithvi II; Surface to surface, single-stage, liquid propelled, 350km range; developed for the Indian navyBrahMosWorld’s fastest cruise missile; capable of being launched from land, sea, sub-sea, and air; is a land-attack cruise missile(A?cruise missile?is a?guided missile?used against terrestrial targets, so called because the major portion of its flight path is conducted at?cruise speed?(i.e., approximately constant velocity). Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large?warhead?over long distances with high accuracy)?Garuda Shakti IIIJoint exercises between armies of India and IndonesiaSIMBEXBilateral naval exercise with SingaporeOperation MaitriCo-development of short-range surface-to-air missile by DRDO, in collaboration with FranceIRNSSISRO`s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C27, recently successfully launched the 1425 kg IRNSS-1D,?the fourth satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System?(IRNSS)Beagle 2Beagle 2?is a?British?landing spacecraft that formed part of the?European Space Agency's 2003?Mars Express missionThe spacecraft was successfully deployed from the?Mars Express?on 19 December 2003 and was scheduled to land on the surface of Mars on 25 December; however, no contact was received at the expected time of landing on Mars, with the ESA declaring the mission lost in February 2004The spacecraft's fate remained a mystery until it was announced in January 2015 that?Beagle 2?had been located intact on the surface of Mars in a series of images from?NASA's?Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter?HiRISE instrumentChandrayaan 2India’s second lunar mission, is almost completely indigenously made by HALMessengerCrashed into Mercury after 11 years of its launch (NASA)CuriosityMars rover (NASA)New HorizonsA probe by NASA that recently became the first space probe to reach PlutoDawnReached CERES, an asteroid in the Mars-Jupiter beltRosetta spacecraft (lander module: Philae)Rosetta?is a robotic?space probe?built and launched by the?European Space Agency Along with?Philae, its lander module,?Rosetta?is performing a detailed study of?comet?67P/ Churyumov–GerasimenkoIt also performed a flyby of the planet?Mars,?and?in November 2014, the mission performed the first soft landing on a comet and returned data from the surfaceIt recently discovered that 67P doesn’t have a magnetic field, which brings into questions our current theories about the formation of planets, which is supposed to be aided by magnetic fieldsASTROSATThe first dedicated Indian astronomy mission (satellite) aimed at studying distant celestial objects is now fully assembledISRO Gagan SystemThe GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system will offer seamless navigation to the aviation industryDevelped by ISRO and the Airports Authority of India (AAI) Will provide augmentation service for the GPS over the country, the Bay of Bengal, South East Asia and Middle East and up to AfricaImproved efficiency, direct routes, increased fuel savings, approach with vertical guidance at runways, significant cost savings because of the withdrawal of ground aids and reduced workload of flight crew and air traffic controllersGagan works by augmenting and relaying data from GPS satellites with the help of two augmentation satellites and 15 earth-based reference stationsThe system would be available for the member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)Drawback: The aircrafts being used by Indian operators are not compatible with GAGAN. Only those aircraft that are fitted with SBAS will be able to use the new technology. Cost of refurbishing aircraft with new equipment and downtime for electronic restructuring are expenses that the financially-stressed Indian airline industry does not seem comfortable having to bearAntrixISRO’s commercial armGravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE)First of European Space Agency’s Living Planet Programme satellites?intended to map in unprecedented detail the Earth’s gravity fieldBreakthrough ListenA Stepehen Hawking Project to search for aliensNames of Central Armed Police Forces: Currently India has three Paramilitary organisations. The three paramilitary forces mainly aid the armed forces in guarding the land as well as maritime borders to prevent any unwanted intrusion. These are -Assam Rifles - Assam Rifles has the distinction of the oldest paramilitary force in the world. Assam Rifles operates in the North Eastern part of India and complements the Indian Army in countering the insurgency and guarding the borders. It comes under the Ministry of Home AffairsSpecial Frontier Force - Raised after the 1962 war, the SFF consists of soldiers of Tibetan lineage. It is tasked with guarding the borders with China as well as certain intelligence gathering activities. It reports to the Intelligence BureauCoast Guard - The Coast Guard is a naval paramilitary force. It deals with the security of India's coast and focuses on preventing smuggling and protecting the territorial waters (reporting to Ministry of Defence)Earlier forces like Border Security Force (BSF), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) etc. were also known as paramilitary forces. However, these are now known as Central Armed Police Force (CAPF)Status of India’s top-security agencies vis-à-vis RTI: Twenty-five of India’s top security agencies are exempt from most of the requirements of the RTI Act, but are required to provide access to information if it relates to allegations of corruption and human rights violations‘Order of Rising Sun, Gold, and Silver Star’ is Japan’s highest civilian award; this was recently awarded to Indian chemist CNR Rao Gorkha Rifles completed 200 years of existenceCERN- operates the world’s largest particle physics laboratory Pluto's moonSanjeev Galande- awarded the GB Birla Memorial Prize for his research on epigenetics (study of cellular and physiological trait variations?that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. It is essentially the study of external or environmental factors that turn genes on and off and affect how cells read genes) Other DocumentIT NFC (Near Field Communication):NFC is a set of ideas and technology that enables?smartphones?and other devices to establish radio?communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into proximity, typically a distance of 10?cm (3.9?in) or lessCan be used for payments, social networking, file transfers etc.Differences between AM, FM, MW, and Digital Radio; distance characteristics; which one is better? price: the lowest acceptable selling price for a property in an auction; a reserve price Space Technology: ‘Dawn’ spacecraft reaches CERES:March 2015: NASA”s ‘Dawn’ spacecraft is the first mission to successfully visit a dwarf planet ‘Ceres’, located in the asteroid belt between Mars and JupiterCeres is the most massive body in the asteroid belt, with an average diameter of about 1000 km Ceres is thought to be about 25% water by mass. If this is true, this would be a major discovery‘Rosetta’ spacecraft:Rosetta?is a robotic?space probe?built and launched by the?European Space Agency Along with?Philae, its lander module,?Rosetta?is performing a detailed study of?comet?67P/ Churyumov–GerasimenkoIt also performed a flyby of the planet?Mars,?and?in November 2014, the mission performed the first soft landing on a comet and returned data from the surfaceIt recently discovered that 67P doesn’t have a magnetic field, which brings into questions our current theories about the formation of planets, which is supposed to be aided by magnetic fieldsBeagle 2:Beagle 2?is a?British?landing spacecraft that formed part of the?European Space Agency's 2003?Mars Express missionThe spacecraft was successfully deployed from the?Mars Express?on 19 December 2003 and was scheduled to land on the surface of Mars on 25 December; however, no contact was received at the expected time of landing on Mars, with the ESA declaring the mission lost in February 2004The spacecraft's fate remained a mystery until it was announced in January 2015 that?Beagle 2?had been located intact on the surface of Mars in a series of images from?NASA's?Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter?HiRISE instrumentNASA’s Messenger spacecraft:Crashed into the planet?Mercury?in January 2015, ending its four-year mission to explore the planet by creating a new crater on its surfaceMessenger is the first spacecraft to have orbited the planet closest to the sunAmong its discoveries was the fact that Mercury’s polar regions contain large quantities of frozen water, under a mysterious “dark layer” of material that may be organic compoundsIndia’s ASTROSAT:This will be India’s first space observatory, and is planned to be launched in OctoberAstrosat would be the first such satellite to scan simultaneously the sky in most of the frequency spectra from ultraviolet to optical and low- and high-energy X-ray bandsComputers IFSC (Indian Financial System Code): An?alphanumeric code?that uniquely identifies a bank-branch participating in the two main?Electronic Funds Settlement Systems?in India: the Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) and the National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) SystemsRobotics Nano-technology Cesium atoms are used to keep time‘Leap Smear’ is the practice of spreading the extra ‘leap’ second over all the other 86,400 seconds in a dayBio-technology Britain’s ‘three-parent’ babies:Also known as ‘mitochondrial transfer’, three-parent in-vitro fertilizationMitochondria are tiny energy-generating parts in cellsNew-born babies, from genetically modified embryos, would have DNA from a mother, a father, and from a female donorInvolves intervening in the fertilisation process to remove faulty mitochondrial DNA, which can cause inherited conditions such as heart problems, liver failure, brain disorders, blindness and muscular dystrophy‘White Spaces’ technology:The TV White Spaces technology would utilise the unused space in the terrestrial TV spectrum to provide cheap Internet connectivity to remote areas. The technology would dynamically allocate unused bands for broadband transmission without affecting the TV transmissionsIt would provide wide coverage and cheap licence-free access. While the Wi-Fi network covers a range of up to 100 metres, coverage under the 200-300 Mhz spectrum available in white space could reach up to 10 kmThe technology could be the affordable answer to the last mile connectivity challenges and it could be utilised in times of emergencies like natural disastersILTOS: International Treaty for the Law of the Sea is an independent judicial body set up by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. It has the power to settle disputes between party states. The Union Minister of State for Home Affairs recently said that India will implement the?Sendai frameworkfor Disaster Risk Reduction?in letter and spirit.The Sendai Framework is a 15-year,?voluntary,?non-binding agreement?which recognizes that the State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk but that responsibility should be shared with other stakeholders including local government, the private sector and other stakeholdersCommunication satellite GSAT-6 has been successfully positioned in its orbital slotIs aimed primarily at benefiting the country’s strategic users and other authorised usersGSAT-6 will provide S-band communication services in the country.S band:The S band is part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrumused by weather radar, surface ship radar, and some communications satellitesCyber crime: According to Section 65 B (2) of the Evidence Act, any electronic evidence to be permissible in court has to be certified by the signature of the person concerned, to whom the computer belonged. Essentially, a certified document has to be attached to any kind of evidence generated from a computer, without application of logic that the contents in the computer could itself have been tampered withThe Indian Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) has completed one year in space. Initially, it was intended to last six months, but it has outperformedThe Union Ministry of Mines is planning to use remote sensing satellite data to curb illegal mining across StatesTorpedoes are self propelled weapons with a warhead and can be used under or on the water surface. They are one of the mainstay of sea-warfare attack systems. The Advanced Torpedo Defence System (ATDS), (nicknamed ‘Mareech’) christened as Mareech was recently handed over by defence minister Manohar Parrikar to the Navy.India’s first solar mission, Aditya-1, is slated for lift-off in 2018-2019. It will study the sun’s outer most layers, the corona and the chromospheres and collect data about coronal mass ejection, which will also yield information for space weather prediction.The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched its first dedicated space observatory ASTROSAT into space, besides six satellites for Canada, Indonesia and the United States. This mission has put ISRO in a very exclusive club of nations that have space-based observatories. Only the United States, European Space Agency, Japan and Russia have such observatories in spaceThe Ministry of Defence has approved the induction of women into the Fighter (Combat) stream of the IAF. With this decision to open up induction of women in the fighter stream, women have become eligible for induction in all branches and streams of the IAF. Following the Air Force, even the Navy has decided to throw open its doors to women fighter pilots. All flying areas in the Navy will be opened for women, except where it requires staying overnight on carriers and ships.In September 2025, in a landmark judgement, the Delhi High Court had granted Permanent Commission for women and had pulled up the Defence Ministry and the Navy for sexist bias and blocking women’s progress. A permanent commission means a career in the Army/Navy till one retires. A permanent commission also entitles 20 years of service and a pension.Malabar Coast military exercises saw participation between India, USA, and Japan- China was not happyIndia' Sri Lanka joint military exercise 'Mitra Shakti 2015 ................
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