PRAGMATICS, CONCEPTUAL CONTENT AND INFERENCE

Given concerns about inferences from observational studies, several institutions, such as the What Works Clearinghouse (Eisenhardt & Towne, 2008) and the US Department of Education’s National Center for Education Research (NCER), have drawn on the medical model to call for a sound, scientifically rigorous basis for making causal inferences in educational research. ................
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