Cambridge University Press



SUPPLEMENTARY FILESSupplementary table 1: methods to compute the three hypothesis-oriented dietary scores and the dietary inflammatory index.Score / indexFoods / nutrientsScoring procedureMediterranean diet score 1 §Vegetables (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseLegumes (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseFruits & nuts (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseCereals (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseFish (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseDairy products (g/day)1 if below sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseMeat (g/day)1 if below sex-specific median, 0 otherwisePoultry (g/day)1 if below sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseAlcohol (g/day)Men: 1 if consumption between 10 and 50 g/day, 0 otherwiseWomen: 1 if consumption between 5 and 25 g/day, 0 otherwiseMediterranean diet score 2 §§Vegetables (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseLegumes (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseFruits & nuts (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseCereals (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseFish (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseDairy products (g/day)1 if above sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseMeat (g/day)1 if below sex-specific median, 0 otherwisePoultry (g/day)1 if below sex-specific median, 0 otherwiseAlcohol (g/day)Men: 1 if consumption between 10 and 50 g/day, 0 otherwiseWomen: 1 if consumption between 5 and 25 g/day, 0 otherwiseAlternative healthy eating index ?Vegetables (servings/day)0 if no serving, 10 if 5 servings/day; score intermediate intakes proportionately between 0 and 10Fruit (servings/day)0 if no serving, 10 if 4 servings/day; score intermediate intakes proportionately between 0 and 10Nuts & soy (servings/day)0 if no serving, 10 if 1 serving/day; score intermediate intakes proportionately between 0 and 10Ratio of white to red meat0 if zero, 10 if 4; score intermediate ratios proportionately between 0 and 10Cereal fiber (g/day)0 if 0 g/d, 10 if 15 g/day; score intermediate intakes proportionately between 0 and 10Trans fat (% energy) *0 if ≥4 , 10 if 0.5; score intermediate intakes proportionately between 0 and 10Polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio0 if0.1 , 10 if ≥1; score intermediate intakes proportionately between 0 and 10Duration of multivitamin use (years)0 if5 , 10 if ≥5; score intermediate intakes proportionately between 0 and 10Alcohol (servings/day)Men: 0 if 0 or >3.5, 10 if 1.5 to 2.5. score intermediate intakes proportionately between 0 and 10Women: 0 if 0 or >2.5, 10 if 0.5 to 1.5. score intermediate intakes proportionately between 0 and 10Dietary inflammatory index ?Multiply byAlcohol (g)-0.278Vitamin B12 (mg) *0.106Vitamin B6 (mg) *-0.365-Carotene (mg)-0.584Caffeine (g) *-0.110Carbohydrate (g)0.097Cholesterol (mg)0.110Energy (kcal)0.180Eugenol (mg) *-0.140Total fat (g)0.298Fibre (g)-0.663Folic acid (mg) *-0.190Garlic (g) *-0.412Ginger (g) *-0.453Fe (mg)0.032Mg (mg) *-0.484MUFA (g)-0.009Niacin (mg) *-0.246n-3 Fatty acids (g) *-0.436n-6 Fatty acids (g) *-0.159Onion (g) *-0.301Protein (g)0.021PUFA (g)-0.337Riboflavin (mg) *-0.068Saffron (g) *-0.140Saturated fat (g)0.373Se (mg) *-0.191Thiamin (mg) *-0.098Trans fat (g) *0.229Turmeric (mg) *-0.785Vitamin A (RE)-0.401Vitamin C (mg) *-0.424Vitamin D (mg)-0.446Vitamin E (mg) *-0.419Zn (mg) *-0.313Green/black tea (g) *-0.536Flavan-3-ol (mg) *-0.415Flavones (mg) *-0.616Flavonols (mg) *-0.467Flavonones (mg) *-0.250Anthocyanidins (mg) *-0.131Isoflavones (mg) *-0.593Pepper (g) *-0.131Thyme/oregano (mg) *-0.102Rosemary (mg) *-0.013§ according to Trichopoulou et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Trichopoulou</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>36</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">(1)</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>36</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="szvdx0xa42zev0ep0phxxvzcwrr2rarxtdfv" timestamp="1512065902">36</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Trichopoulou, Antonia </author><author>Costacou, Tina </author><author>Bamia, Christina </author><author>Trichopoulos, Dimitrios </author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Survival in a Greek Population</title><secondary-title>The New England Journal of Medicine</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>The New England Journal of Medicine</full-title><abbr-1>New Engl J Med</abbr-1></periodical><pages>2599-2608</pages><volume>348</volume><dates><year>2003</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(1); §§, according to Vormund et al. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Vormund</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>41</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">(2)</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>41</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="szvdx0xa42zev0ep0phxxvzcwrr2rarxtdfv" timestamp="1512065903">41</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vormund, Kerstin</author><author>Braun, Julia</author><author>Rohrmann, Sabine</author><author>Bopp, Matthias</author><author>Ballmer, Peter</author><author>Faeh, David</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Mediterranean diet and mortality in Switzerland: an alpine paradox?</title><secondary-title>European Journal of Nutrition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>European Journal of Nutrition</full-title><abbr-1>Eur J Nutr</abbr-1></periodical><pages>139-148</pages><volume>54</volume><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>1436-6215 (Electronic) 1436-6207 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>24710740</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s00394-014-0695-y</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>(2); ? according to McCullough et al. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>McCullough</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>40</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">(3)</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>40</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="szvdx0xa42zev0ep0phxxvzcwrr2rarxtdfv" timestamp="1512065903">40</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>McCullough, Marjorie L.</author><author>Feskanich, Diane</author><author>Stampfer, Meir J</author><author>Giovannucci, Edward L</author><author>Rimm, Eric B</author><author>Hu, Frank B</author><author>Spiegelman, Donna</author><author>Hunter, David J</author><author>Colditz, Graham A</author><author>Willett, Walter C</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Diet quality and major chronic disease risk in men and women: Moving toward improved dietary guidance</title><secondary-title>American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>American journal of clinical nutrition</full-title><abbr-1>Am J Clin Nutr</abbr-1></periodical><pages>1261-1271</pages><volume>76</volume><dates><year>2002</year></dates><isbn>0002-9165 (Print)\n0002-9165 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>12450892</accession-num><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(3); ?, according to Shivappa et al. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Shivappa</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>19</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">(4)</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="szvdx0xa42zev0ep0phxxvzcwrr2rarxtdfv" timestamp="1512065902">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shivappa, Nitin</author><author>Steck, Susan E</author><author>Hurley, Thomas G</author><author>Hussey, James R</author><author>Hébert, James R</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index</title><secondary-title>Public Health Nutrition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Public Health Nutrition</full-title><abbr-1>Public Health Nutr</abbr-1></periodical><pages>1689-1696</pages><volume>17</volume><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>1475-2727</isbn><accession-num>23941862</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1017/S1368980013002115</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>(4). Items marked with an asterisk (*) were not included in the calculations for the current study.Supplementary table 2: Comparison between excluded and included participants, CoLaus study, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2009-2012.IncludedExcludedP-valueSample size40271037Gender (male)1873 (46.5)484 (46.7)0.926Age (years)57.2 ± 10.260.0 ± 11.3<0.001Education<0.001High930 (23.1)149 (14.4)Middle1083 (26.9)223 (21.6)Low2014 (50.0)660 (64.0)BMI (kg/m2)26.0 ± 4.527.0 ± 5.1<0.001BMI categories<0.001Normal1816 (45.1)364 (37.5)Overweight1570 (39.0)390 (40.1)Obese641 (15.9)218 (22.4)Smoking status<0.001Current1680 (41.7)355 (36.2)Former1528 (37.9)355 (36.2)Never819 (20.3)270 (27.6)Sedentary2078 (56.4)327 (65.8)<0.001Diabetes 385 (9.6)154 (15.1)<0.001BMI, body mass index. Results are expressed as number of participants (percentage) for categorical variables or as average ± standard deviation for continuous variables. Between group comparisons using chi-square for categorical variables or student’s t-test for continuous variables.Supplementary table 3: multivariate associations between selected dietary patterns or scores with C-reactive protein levels. CoLaus study, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2009-2012.Fruits & VegetablesMediterranean dietAHEIFruit intake-0.018 (0.322)-0.032 (0.063)-0.015 (0.399)Selected score/pattern-0.071 (<0.001)-0.035 (0.027)-0.061 (<0.001)AHEI, alternate healthy eating index. Data from 4027 participants. Results are expressed as standardized regression coefficients and (p-value). Multivariable analysis adjusting for age (continuous), body mass index (continuous), gender, smoking (never, former, current), educational level (high, middle, low), sedentary status (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no) and total caloric intake (continuous).References ADDIN EN.REFLIST 1. Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C et al. (2003) Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Survival in a Greek Population. New Engl J Med 348, 2599-2608.2. Vormund K, Braun J, Rohrmann S et al. (2015) Mediterranean diet and mortality in Switzerland: an alpine paradox? Eur J Nutr 54, 139-148.3. McCullough ML, Feskanich D, Stampfer MJ et al. (2002) Diet quality and major chronic disease risk in men and women: Moving toward improved dietary guidance. Am J Clin Nutr 76, 1261-1271.4. Shivappa N, Steck SE, Hurley TG et al. (2014) Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index. Public Health Nutr 17, 1689-1696. ................
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