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Page 1: Multiple ChoicePool 1 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 1Pool 2 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 1Pool 3 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 2 Pool 4 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 2Pool 5 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 3 Pool 6 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 3Pool 7 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 4Pool 8 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 5Pool 9 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 6Pool 10 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 6Pool 11 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 6Pool 12 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 6Pool 13 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 8Pool 14 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 8Pool 15 – 4:1; 4 points; address TCO 9Page 2: EssayPool 1 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 1Pool 2 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 2Pool 3 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 3Pool 4 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 4Pool 5 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 4Pool 6 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 5Pool 7 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 7Pool 8 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 8Pool 9 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 6Pool 10 – 4:1; 18 points; address TCO 9****************CD NOTE: Formatted Questions Begin*****************1. (TCO 1) In a URL, the beginning part that reads "http:" represents _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 135.*a. a protocol. b. domain name. c. directory path. d. None of the above 2. (TCO 1) In a URL, the beginning part that reads "http:" represents _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 135.a. an address. b. an IP address. *c. a protocol. d. an absolute path. 3. (TCO 1) In a URL, the portion representing the protocol is _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 135.a. b. com. c. .(dot). *d. http:. 4. (TCO 1) In a URL, the portion representing the protocol is _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 135.*a. http:. b. //. c. .(dot). d. .html. 5. (TCO 1) HTML standards are established by _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 9. a. Tim Berners-Lee. *b. World Wide Web Consortium. c. Microsoft. d. Google. 6. (TCO 1) HTML standards are established by _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 9. a. Mozilla. b. Google. *c. World Wide Web Consortium. d. ICANN. 7. (TCO 1) HTML standards are established by _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 9. a. Mozilla. b. The Open Source Community. c. ICANN. *d. World Wide Web Consortium. 8. (TCO 1) HTML standards are established by _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 9. *a. World Wide Web Consortium. b. The Open Source Community. c. ICANN. d. U.S. Department of Commerce. 9. (TCO 2) A diagram of a site showing page layout and positioning is called a _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 109. *a. wireframe. b. prototype. c. sample. d. thumbnail. 10. (TCO 2) A diagram of a site showing page layout and positioning is called a _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 109. a. thumbnail. b. preview. c. sample. *d. wireframe. 11. (TCO 2) A diagram of a site showing page layout and positioning is called a _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 109. a. tree structure. b. placeholder. *c. wireframe. d. site map. 12. (TCO 2) A diagram of a site showing page layout and positioning is called a _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 109. a. flowchart. *b. wireframe. c. hierarchy chart. d. site map. 13. (TCO 2) Parts of the page that separate content and provide structure are called _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 75.a. ActiveX control. b. borders. c. dividers. *d. active white space. 14. (TCO 2) Parts of the page that separate content and provide structure are called _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 75.*a. active white space. b. placeholders. c. dividers. d. regions. 15. (TCO 2) White space @ See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 75.*a. separates content and provides structure. b. is always white. c. is used as a placeholder for actual content. d. can only be created with CSS. 16. (TCO 2) White space @ See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 75.a. can only be created using JavaScript. *b. separates content and provides structure. c. includes any white text or graphics on a page. d. should be avoided. 17. (TCO 3) The _____ information structure guides the user along a straightforward path. @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 129.a. tutorial b. web *c. linear d. hierarchical 18. (TCO 3) In the _____ structure, the user navigates through the concept, lesson, and review pages in order. @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 130.*a. tutorial b. web c. linear d. hierarchical 19. (TCO 3) Many smaller websites follow the _____-type content structure, which is nonlinear, allowing the user to jump freely to any page from any other page. @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 131.a. tutorial *b. web c. linear d. hierarchical 20. (TCO 3) The _____ structure is probably the most commonly used information design. @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 131.a. cluster b. web c. linear *d. hierarchical 21. (TCO 3) The _____ structure is ideally suited to electronic shopping. @ See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 133.a. linear *b. catalog c. hierarchical d. cluster 22. (TCO 3) A style rule is composed of _____ parts. @ See Sklar, Chapter 4, page 152.*a. two b. four c. three d. five 23. (TCO 3) In a style rule, the _____ determines the element to which a rule is applied. @ See Sklar, Chapter 4, page 152.a. style tag b. declaration *c. selector d. style sheet 24. (TCO 3) In a style rule, the _____ details the exact property values. @ See Sklar, Chapter 4, page 152.a. selector b. style tag c. style sheet *d. declaration 26. (TCO 4) External style sheets have a(n) _____ extension. @ See Sklar, Chapter 4.a. ess b. ss c. cs *d. css 27. (TCO 4) The _____ element lets you establish document relationships. @ See Sklar, Chapter 4.a. <style> *b. <link> c. <related> d. <head> 28. (TCO 4) The CSS _____ model describes the rectangular boxes that contain content on a web page. @ See Sklar, Chapter 5.a. visual formatting*b. box c. box formatting d. visual box formatting 29. (TCO 4) The _____ property lets you control the flow of text around floated elements. @ See Sklar, Chapter 6.*a. clear b. float c. text d. flow 30. (TCO 5) The _____ property lets you specify which image to display in the background. @ See Sklar, Chapter 8, page 374.a. background-position *b. background-image c. background-repeat d. background 31. (TCO 5) The _____ property lets you control the tiling of background images within the document or element background. @ See Sklar, Chapter 8, page 377.a. background-position b. background-image *c. background-repeat d. repeat 32. (TCO 5) To remove the hypertext border from an image using the inline method, add a(n) _____ attribute with the border property set to "none.” @ See Sklar, Chapter 8, page 353.a. box b. markup c. img *d. style 33. (TCO 5) The float property can be used to float an image to the _____ of text. @ See Sklar, Chapter 8, page 355.a. top or bottom *b. left or right c. left or top d. right or bottom 34. (TCO 6) What bridges the communication between the Internet and the server? @ See Sklar, Chapter 11, page 483.a. AGI *b. CGI c. API d. Vacuum tubes 35. (TCO 6) What is the basis for online commerce? @ See Sklar, Chapter 11.a. Web clients *b. Forms c. Databases d. Scripts 36. (TCO 6) What attribute of form contains the URL of the application to process the data? @ See Sklar, Chapter 11, page 484.a. Method b. Location c. Accept *d. Action 37. (TCO 6) Forms can be validated _____ @ JavaScript can validate client-side within the browser; a server script can validate on the server. It is usually a good idea to validate inputs both client- and server-side.a. client-side. b. server-side. c. either client-side or server-side, but not both. *d. both client-side and server-side. 38. (TCO 6) Which input type provides a way to toggle a single control on and off? @ See Sklar, Chapter 11, page 486.a. Reset b. Radio *c. Check box d. Button 39. (TCO 6) The default text box on a form has a maximum length of _____ characters. @ See Sklar, Chapter 11, page 488.a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 *d. None of the above 40. (TCO 6) Which input type allows a user to upload a file to the server? @ See Sklar, Chapter 11, page 494.*a. File b. Input c. Upload d. Source 41. (TCO 6) Which input type would be best for a user to enter his or her last name? @ A last name is composed of text. A text box is the best for text.a. File b. Select *c. Text d. Image 42. (TCO 6) You are creating a login form for the user to enter his or her username, password, and an option that says "Keep me logged in.” Which input type would be best for a user to enter his or her username? @ A username is composed of text. A text box is the best for text.a. Checkbox b. Hidden c. Password *d. Text 43. (TCO 6) You are creating a login form for the user to enter his or her username, password, and an option that says "Keep me logged in.” Which input type would be best for a user to enter his or her password? @ A password is composed of text but should not be displayed as the user types it. A password input type is best here.a. Checkbox b. Hidden *c. Password d. Text 44. (TCO 6) You are creating a login form for the user to enter his or her username, password, and an option that says "Keep me logged in.” Which input type would be best for a user to select "Keep me logged in"? @ A checkbox is perfect for a user to select or unselect a single option.*a. Checkbox b. Hidden c. Password d. Text 45. (TCO 6) You are creating a login form for the user to enter his or her username, password, and an option that says "Keep me logged in.” Which input type would be best for a user to choose an option that says "Forgot your password”? @ A button or link would allow the user to be redirected to another page where he or she could retrieve the lost password.a. Checkbox b. Hidden c. Text *d. None of the above 46. (TCO 6) You are creating a blog website where a user can navigate to the blog posts by date. Which form method would be best to allow the user to bookmark any of the blog posts? @ Get variables are parsed by the server to determine which blog post the user wants. Get variables are displayed in the URL, which can be bookmarked.*a. Get b. Post c. Get or post d. Encode 47. (TCO 6) A regular expression can be used for @ Regular expressions are used to match or filter text, such as names, addresses, and phone numbers.*a. validating a text box where the user can enter his or her e-mail address. b. validating a group of radio buttons to ensure one of them is checked. c. validating a select tag to ensure an option is selected. d. validating a text box where a user would enter their name. 48. (TCO 6) Which of the following JavaScript commands would demonstrate unobtrusive form validation? @ Answers (a)-(c) demonstrate changing the text on the page without interrupting the user. a. document.getElementById('error').style.visibility = 'visible'; b. document.getElementById('error').style.display = 'block'; c. document.getElementById('error').innerHTML = "error"; *d. All of the above 49. (TCO 6) Which regular expression can be used to validate an e-mail address? @ This regular expression will filter anything that has at least one character, followed by the (@) sign, followed by at least one character, followed by a dot, followed by two to four characters. E-mail addresses have this form (e.g., my_email@).a. (\d{3}) \d{3}-\d{4} b. .[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4} *c. [a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4} d. Regular expressions cannot be used to validate e-mail addresses. 50. (TCO 8) The HTML5 element <figure> is used to contain @ See images for article content in Sklar, Chapter 1, page 27.a. the primary page content. b. additional content, such as a quote or sidebar. c. the page header content. *d. images for article content. 51. (TCO 8) Coding with standards and respecting the W3C mandate to separate _____ from _____ makes your content more accessible and portable to different devices and destinations. @ See content structure, presentation information. See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 31.*a. content structure, presentation information b. images, text c. colors, fonts d. images, content 52. (TCO 8) What is one of the most common mistakes that could make your code invalid? @ See missing closing tags. See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 32.a. Declaring a doctype *b. Missing closing tags c. Quoting attributes d. Nesting tags 53. (TCO 8) Your _____ is the single most important factor in determining the success of your site. @ See information design. See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 67.a. font choice *b. information design c. number of graphics d. plug-in requirements 54. (TCO 8) Every browser interprets HTML in its own way, based on its _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 5.a. compiler. b. translator. *c. rendering engine. d. interpreter. 55. (TCO 8) When designing a web page, you should keep the "_____ (plus or minus two)" rule of information design in mind. @ See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 68.a. three b. five *c. seven d. nine 56. (TCO 8) The _____ is a conceptual layout device that organizes the page into columns and rows. @ See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 72.*a. grid b. page template c. style sheet d. matrix. 57. (TCO 8) Designing for _____ means developing web pages that remain accessible despite any physical, sensory, and cognitive disabilities, work constraints, or technological barriers on the part of the user. @ See Sklar, Chapter 1, page 92.a. navigation b. readability *c. accessibility d. portability 58. (TCO 9) Which of the following might be included among accessibility features? @ See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 93.a. Embedded video *b. High-contrast version c. Icons for navigation links d. All of the above 59. (TCO 9) General websites should follow at least the _____ guidelines for accessibility. @ See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 94.a. 1099 b. Section 508 *c. WCAG 2.0 d. All of the above 60. (TCO 9) Which of the following might be included among accessibility features? @ See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 93.*a. Access keys b. Low-contrast version c. Script fonts d. All of the above 61. (TCO 9) According to WCAG 2.0 Guidelines, the content of websites must be _____ @ See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 94.a. perceivable. b. operable. c. understandable. *d. All of the above Type: E62. (TCO 1) Discuss three fundamental website and page design errors. Describe the problem, why it makes for poor design, and how it impacts users. A. Answers will vary but might include improper use of graphics or color, inappropriate application of composition rules, lack of professionalism, failure to note psychological and cultural implications of design, and so forth.Type: E63. (TCO 1) Discuss how the target audience influences design. Give examples of how design might differ for different audiences. A. Answers will vary but might include examples of how color, fonts, layout, navigation, and so forth, are influenced by the desired target market.Type: E64. (TCO 1) Discuss how browsers interpret the files received from the web server. Why might the same page look different on different browsers? A. Answers will vary but should include a discussion of the rendering engine.Type: E65. (TCO 1) Discuss how the use of the Web has changed since its inception. What is different in how users access and use the Web today versus access and usage in the early days of the Web? A. Answers will vary but may include increasing bandwidth, increasing use of mobile, shift to HTML5, active versus static content, more web-based applications, use of web services, connection to backend databases, and so forth.Type: E66. (TCO 2) Describe the differences between absolute and relative paths, and when you should use each in your coding. A. Relative path is relative to the location in the directory structure of the current HTML page being displayed in the browser window.Absolute addresses, on the other hand, start at the root, whether on your own site (or computer) or another website. Regardless of what page is currently being viewed in the browser, the absolute address is explicit and tells every step of the path from the root on down, regardless of the person's starting point. If you use absolute addresses, your site may not work correctly if it is ever moved to another computer because its root location may be different than it was on your development machine. This is especially problematic if specific hard drive letters are used in the path since I may have a G: drive on my computer, but the web server may only have a C: drive and a D: drive. If my paths refer to a different drive letter or path than the ones that exist on the web server computer, links will definitely be broken.Type: E67. (TCO 2) Describe four of the storyboard flowchart structures and when it is best to use each of them. A. A website storyboard is simply a flowchart, which can be designed using a product such as Microsoft Visio, which shows the structure and logic behind both the content of your site and the navigation. It shows the basic page layout and how to get from one page to another. A storyboard can use a linear structure, which guides the user along a straightforward path, or a tutorial structure, which adds to the linear structure and looks like a company organization chart. Other structures to consider are the web structure, hierarchical structure, cluster structure, and catalog structure. The web structure allows the user to jump from page to page freely. The hierarchical structure is the most common structure for large sites and has a site map look to it. The cluster structure is similar to the hierarchical structure, except it uses groups of topics clustered together. The catalog structure is laid out like a traditional paper copy catalog. A storyboard is a good way to communicate to your stakeholders (customers, managers, coworkers, etc.) the design of a site early in the process. This helps save rework time later by letting the stakeholders get a good feel for how the site will turn out early on.Type: E68. (TCO 2) In your own words, describe five of the items that you should include in your site specification. A. See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 111.Type: E69. (TCO 2) In your own words, describe three types of site navigation structures. When might each method of organizing the site be used? A. See Sklar, Chapter 3, page 129.Type: E70. (TCO 3) You have been given the following business card by a client. What four questions would you ask this client to start the process of designing their website?XYZ—The business of your business needsSam McGovernPresidentE-mail: smcgov@Phone: 815-777-4599 A. Questions should be about color, fonts, possible logos, what the business does, are there any photos, are there any old flyers laying around, and any general questions about the business or the look they would like for their website.Type: E71. (TCO 3) When picking colors for a website, what are the two basic rules that you follow? A. If the background is light, the foreground is dark. If the background is dark, the foreground is light.Type: Ea 72. (TCO 3) Using custom font creates a problem for most users on the Web. What is the problem, and what solutions are there for the problem? A. The problem with a custom font is it does not reside in all the users of the website on the web's font library. There are several possible solutions. Any one of these would be okay.??Use a more common font.??Use new CSS3 font library rule and load the font on the web server to be accessed by the website. ? Use a content distribution system font from an online source, such as Google’s Font API server.Type: E73. (TCO 3) There are six locations for navigation on a web page. What are they? A. TOP: Used when you have few pages and want the user to see navigation as soon as they open the page. Advantages: Easy to find and it’s commonly used. Disadvantages: If using dropdown menus, it can cover content on the page.BOTTOM: Used to put minor nonimportant navigation on a page, or repeatable navigation from other locations on the page. Advantages: Can put nonimportant navigation on a page so it will still be available for the user, and also show the bottom of the page. Disadvantages: It's at the bottom of the page, and the user cannot see it when the page is first opened.LEFT: Used when you have little content. It will help fill the page. It also is most commonly used, so users like it. Advantages: Commonly used, good for pop-out menus, doesn't cover the page, and helps balance the look of the page. Disadvantages: Can stretch the page out if there are a lot of links.RIGHT: Used to put less important navigation or help on the page. It is becoming more common with the use of widescreen monitors. Advantages: Balances the screen and allows for easy access for help menus and additional links. Disadvantages: Can be hidden if user has a small monitor or older machine with low BO: Used when you have a lot of links and need to combine the top and left or top and right. Advantages: Doesn't fill up one side or top with a bunch of links, and can also help fill the page if content is limited. Disadvantages: Can be hard to maintain, and sometimes users have a hard time finding links.CENTER: Used only for opening splash pages. Advantages: Can give the user a quick link to the internal content of a website. Disadvantages: Can only be used on the opening page, and you will have to create another navigation style for the rest of the web page. Type: E74. (TCO 4) What does a class attribute allow you to do? A. See Sklar, Chapter 4: Cascading Style Sheets. The class attribute lets you write rules, give them a name, and then apply that name to any page element you choose. You can use class with any HTML element because it is a core attribute.Type: E75. (TCO 4) Describe how CSS determines style rule precedence. What does the !important declaration allow users to do? A. See Sklar, Chapter 4: Cascading Style Sheets. CSS uses cascading and inheritance to determine which style rules have precedence. The !important declaration lets users override the author's style rules.Type: E76. (TCO 4) One of the web design principles discussed in class is to create a site with a unified site design. What are some of the things you can do to create a unified site design? A. See Sklar, Chapter 4: Cascading Style Sheets. Unified site design can be achieved by choices in font, colors, graphics, and layout. You should plan for smooth transitions between your pages, and use similar structure and white space between pages.Type: E77. (TCO 4) Describe the three ways that you can apply a CSS style rule. What is the precedence if all three ways are used? A. See the Week 3 Lecture.There are three ways to apply CSS style rules in your web pages.- The style attribute of an HTML tag (inline)- The <style> element (embedded), usually in the <head> of the HTML - A linked cascading style sheet file (external), also called an external style sheetIt is possible to have two style sheets that may apply to the same elements at the same time. The browser will not know which to apply, so there is a specific order that is applied.1) Use the important keyword2) Origin of the rule3) Specificity of the selector4) Order of the rule in the style sheetType: E78. (TCO 4) Differentiate between the three levels of CSS (inline, embedded, and external). Describe an application (use) for each of the styles that are not included in your text. Explain the order they are displayed by the browser. A. Inline styles are applied to the individual HTML tag and alter the tag according to the CSS rules. They can extend the formatting and display options of the HTML. Page styles are applied to all similar elements on the page. They are generally set at the top of the page as defined styles and overwrite the default browser style of all the elements (i.e., <h3>) throughout the page. External styles are set in an external file, usually with the extension .css. These styles can then be applied to all elements in a complete site, allowing for greater consistency and the ability to quickly change the look and feel of the site. Order of precedence for styles is inline, embedded, and then external from highest to lowest. This means that an inline style will override page style, and a page style will override an external file.Type: E79. (TCO 4) What are the three ways that you can combine CSS style rules with HTML code? Describe each method, along with an example of using the method. A. See Sklar, Chapter 4: Cascading Style Sheets.Inline style: You can define the style for a single element using the style attribute.<h1 style="color: blue">Some Text</h1>You generally use the style attribute to override a style that was set at a higher level in the document, as when you want a particular heading to be a different color from the rest of the headings on the page. The style attribute is also useful for testing styles during development. You will probably use this method of styling an element the least, because it affects only one instance of an element in a document.Internal style sheet: Use the <style> element to create an internal style sheet in the <head> section of the document. Style rules contained in an internal style sheet only affect the document in which they reside. The following code shows a <style> element that contains a single style rule.<head><title>Sample Document</title><style type="text/css">h1 {color: red;}</style></head>In this code sample, note the type attribute to the <style> element. The value "text/css" defines the style language as Cascading Style Sheets.External style sheet: Placing style sheets in an external document lets you specify rules for multiple web pages. This is an easy and powerful way to use style sheets because it lets you control the styles for an entire website with one style sheet file. Additionally, external style sheets are stored in the user's cache, so once downloaded, they are referenced locally for every file on your website, saving time for your user.An external style sheet is simply a text document that contains style rules. External style sheets have a .css extension. The <link> element lets you establish document relationships. It can be used only within the <head> section of a document. To link to an external style sheet, add the <link> element as shown in the following code.<head><title>Sample Document</title><link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></head>The <link> element in this code tells the browser to find the specified style sheet. The href attribute states the relative URL of the style sheet. The ref attribute specifies the relationship between the linked and current documents. The browser displays the web page based on the CSS display information. The advantage of the external style sheet is that you can state the style rules in one document and affect all the pages on a website. When you want to update a style, you only have to change the style rule once in the external style sheet.Type: E80. (TCO 4) What is the CSS box model? A. See Sklar, Chapter 6: Box Properties. CSS box model describes the rectangular boxes that contain content on a web page. Each block-level HTML element you create is displayed in the browser window as a box with content. Each content box can have margins, borders, and padding.The content box is the innermost box, surrounded by the padding, border, and margin areas. The padding area has the same background color as the content element, but the margin area is always transparent. The border separates the padding and margin areas.Type: E81. (TCO 4) Explain how you can use the division element to create content containers. A. See Sklar, Chapter 7. The division element is your primary tool for creating sections of content in your web page designs. Using the box properties, you can create divisions that are any shape you need to contain and segregate sections of content. You can create vertical columns containing content and control the white space between and within columns. You can nest divisions within divisions and create interesting content presentations. Finally, you can create a division element to contain an entire web page, often called a wrapper, to center a web page within the browser window, regardless of screen resolution.Type: E82. (TCO 5) JPG, PNG, and GIF are three common file types for use on web pages. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each one. A. GIF: Graphics Interchange Format—the original graphics format of the World Wide Web. It is restricted to 256 colors, which makes it unsuitable for photos. It does provide transparency and animation.JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group—JPEG is a format designed specifically for photography. It works by removing information that the eye does not see, thereby referred to as "lossy compression." Because it is lossy, each time you save from it, the picture’s quality lessens. JPEG images are 24-bit images allowing for millions of colors.PNG: Portable Network Graphics—designed specifically for the Web as a replacement for GIF. In its 8-bit (256-color) mode, it creates smaller files than GIF, and it also supports 24-bit images with lossless compression.Type: E83. (TCO 5) Photos can be constrained using the HTML attributes width and height. Explain why you would not want to make this a practice for photos in your website. A. Placing attribute constraints on an 8 megapixel image does not reduce the size of the image, nor does it optimize it for web use. Using height and width to constrain an image means that the image will have to fully load into the page and may prevent other content from loading. Image resizing and optimization is always recommended for images that will be used on a website. If none is available on your development computer, there are online tools that are free that will limit the number of images you can process. Type: E84. (TCO 5) CSS3 rules allow you to create some graphic-looking constructs on your page. List three and tell why you think that this is a better method than creating graphics and placing them on the page. A. Any of the three that students have listed in Week 4 Discussion could be answers. This will be an ever-changing answer because this concept is changing daily. As for why this allows designers to create the look of graphics without graphics, it also makes it easier for search engines to find content because search engines don't find graphics.Type: E85. (TCO 5) The HTML <img> tag has several attributes. Two of these attributes are the alt and another is the title. Even though they look like they do the same thing, they do something totally different. What does each tag do, and how do they react differently when viewed in the browser? A. The alt tag provides an alternate text for the image.The title tag provides extra information about the image.The difference is that the content of the alt attribute only shows if the image does not show. The title attribute shows a caption for the image if a user hovers over the image.Type: E86. (TCO 7) Explain how you would link a Spry Menu Bar script to an HTML page. Include an example of the link and the location in the HMTL in your explanation.A. See McFarland, Chapter 13.Javascript is a client-side scripting language that runs on the computer. It allows pages to have interactivity on the user's computer. The script tag will be found in the head section of html. <script src="SpryAssets/SpryMenuBar.js" type="text/javascript"></script>Type: E87. (TCO 7) What are the types of spry effects that you can add to Dreamweaver? Identify three options and discuss how they can be appropriately used on the web page. A. See McFarland, Chapter 13 and Lab 6.Instructor ExplanationSpry Menu Collapsible PanelAccordionType: E88. (TCO 7) How can you use the spry data set in Dreamweaver? What needs to be established, and how can the dataset retrieve data? A. See McFarland, Chapter 13.Instructor ExplanationStudents will need to go to the spry panel and select spry data set. They should suggest using an HTML or XML data format to display the information. Type: E89. (TCO 7) In your own words, explain what JavaScript is and what it might be used for. A. See Sklar, Chapter 11, page 483. Answers will vary but should include that JavaScript is a client-side scripting language. It can be used for forms processing, validation, animation, or other uses to make pages more interactive.Type: E90. (TCO 8) Describe the two syntaxes HTML5 offers, and explain the reasons why you may choose to use one over the other. A. You can include Sklar, Chapter 1, page 16.HTML5 offers two syntaxes. One is based on HTML syntax, and the other on stricter XML syntax rules, which makes it compatible with XHTML. - The HTML version of HTML5 is more relaxed and allows authors to use shortcuts in their code. Elements do not always have to be closed, and the class attributes do not require quotes around their content values. This more relaxed version of HTML5 is backwards compatible with HTML 4.01. This syntax is appropriate for anyone building a noncommercial website. - The stricter syntax rules of HTML5 are consistent with XHTML syntax. XML syntax rules are applied. All elements require closing tags and class attributes require quotes around their content value. In a professional web-development environment, it is the best practice to code with this syntax. Using this syntax, the code you create for web content can have multiple purposes and potentially be used in a variety of display and application environments.Type: E91. (TCO 8) List the six basic rules needed to create syntactically correct HTML5 code, and briefly describe each one. A. You can include Sklar, Chapter 1, page 19. - Documents must be well formed. A well-formed document is one that adheres to the syntax rules. - All tags must nest properly and not overlap. You can nest HTML elements, but they must not overlap. Each set of opening and closing tags must completely contain any elements that are nested within the set. - Use all lowercase for element names. Even though HTML5 allows uppercase and lowercase element names, it is considered good coding practice to always use lowercase. Use all lowercase characters for element and attribute names when writing your code. This will ensure that your code can be XHTML compatible if it needs to be used in some type of content management or application processing environment. - Always use closing tags. Although in the looser HTML5 syntax, certain elements such as the <p> elements are allowed optional closing tags, it is a much better practice to always close all elements. - Empty elements are marked with a closing slash. Empty elements must be marked empty by a slash ( / ) in the single tag. - Attribute values must be contained in quotation marks. Although in the looser HTML5 syntax attribute values do not have to be quoted, your code is more compatible when you always contain all attribute values within quotes.Type: E92. (TCO 8) What are the five steps involved in migrating from HTML to HTML5? Briefly describe each step. A. You can include Sklar, Chapter 1, page 33. - Evaluate existing code. Check for basic compliance with XHTML syntax rules. Are closing tags included? Are all tags lowercase? Are attributes quoted? How much clean-up work is necessary to make the code well formed? Most of this work can be automated in the various HTML editing programs. - Evaluate existing presentation information. How much of your code includes obsolete elements, such as <font> and obsolete attributes such as "bgcolor," "face," and "size"? On many sites, this information can make up as much as 50% of the existing code. Start thinking about how you can express these characteristics in CSS. - Create coding conventions. Create coding conventions and follow them throughout the site. Make sure that new content added to the site follows the new coding and CSS standards. The more you standardize, the easier your maintenance chores become. - Start using CSS. Start by building simple style sheets that express basic characteristics, such as page colors, font family, and font size. Consider using more advanced CSS options, such as classes, that allow you to name and standardize the various styles for your site. As you build style rules, start to remove the existing display information in the site. - Test for backward compatibility. Remember to test in older browsers to make sure that your content is legible and readable. Test carefully with your CSS style rules to make sure that they are supported in older browsers.Type: E93. (TCO 8) The W3C describes many of the steps that web designers should use to allow disabled users to effectively use the Web. Describe four of the elements that you should consider for your page to allow the widest possible accessibility? A. Use the Alt attribute for all images.Provide captioning and transcripts for multimedia.Make linked words make sense when read out of context.Use consistent structure and use CSS for layout where possible.Check your work for validity and accessibility with online tools.Type: E94. (TCO 6) Describe the five form attributes. A. See Sklar, page 484.Type: E95. (TCO 6) Describe in detail how JavaScript can be used for input validation on the client side. A. JavaScript can access the form elements through the DOM and getElementById. The input values can be compared using regular expressions. JavaScript can notify the user of invalid input data through alert boxes or by changing the display property of CSS to show an error. Type: E 96. (TCO 6) What is a regular expression? What would be a good regular expression for matching a telephone number? A. See Dreamweaver CS6: The Missing Manual \d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}Type: E97. (TCO 6) What are the limitations of using JavaScript for data validation before the data is sent to a server? A. Servers must never trust the data from the client. Even if the input data was validated by the client, the server must validate the data again. Because the code (which is in clear-text) is visible and can be altered by the client, validation may have been compromised. Or, JavaScript may have been turned off in the client and no validation may have been completed.Type: E98. (TCO 9) Discuss the four areas of requirements for website content under WCAG 2.0. Give examples. A. Answers will vary but should include issues of being perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 94.Type: E99. (TCO 9) Discuss the perceivability requirement of the WCAG 2.0 guidelines. Give examples. A. Answers will vary but might include alternative text, alternatives for multimedia, content that can be presented in different ways, making it easier to see and hear, including separating foreground from background. See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 94.Type: E100. (TCO 9) A user of your website has stated that they are having problems using the site with their Braille reader. What issues would you look for, and how would you address them to make the site more usable? A. Answers will vary but might include looking for images or other nontext content that did not have alternative text. Another issue includes looking for navigation issues, such as icons used for links with no alternative text version. See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 94.Type: E101. (TCO 9) Discuss the understandability requirement of the WCAG 2.0 guidelines. Give examples. A. Answers will vary but may include making text readable and understandable, making pages appear and operate in predictable ways, helping users avoid and/or correct mistakes. See Sklar, Chapter 2, page 97. ................
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