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Brachialis Muscle:Origin- halfway down the humerus (both medial and lateral of the radial groove)Insertion- proximal ulnaAction- flexes elbowTriceps Medial Head:Origin- proximal half of dorsal humerusInsertion- distal of elbow on the ulnaAction- extends elbowSerratus Anterior:Origin- lateral service of ribs 1-8 (bone only)Insertion- medial borer of the scapulaAction- moves scapula forwardSport/Activity- benchpress, push-upsPectoralis Minor:Origin- anterior surface of the ribs 3-5 (just past the origins of the serratus anterior)Insertion- coracoid process of the scapulaAction- rotates the shoulder forwardSport/Activity- volleyball, runningPectoralis Major:Origin- ribs 5-7 (actually attaches to fascia of abdominal muscles)Insertion- lateral edge of the most proximal part of the humerusAction-abduct shoulder across bodySport/Activity- basketball, push-upsSternocostalis Head:Origin- ribs 1-5 on the lateral edge of the sternumInsertion- lateral edge of the humerus, inferior to the insertion of the abdominal headAction- pulls clavicle forwardSport/Activity- tennis, over-head throwTrapezius Minor:Name origin- the trapezius is shaped like a trapezoidOrigin- Upper part: External occipital protuberance, medial third of the superior nuchal line, the ligamentum nuchal, and the spinous process of C7. Medial Part: Spinous processes of T1 to T5. Lower Part: Spinous processes of T6 to T12Insertion- Upper Part: Lateral third of the clavicle and the medial aspect of the acromion process of the scapula. Middle Part: Medial edge of the superior surface of the acromion process of the scapula and the superior edge of the scapular spine. Lower Part: Tubercles of the apex of the scapular spineAction- Upper Part: Upward rotation of the scapula, elevation of the scapula. Middle Part: Retraction of the scapula. Lower Part: Upper rotation of the scapula, depression of the scapulaRhomboid minor:Name origin- the rhomboid is shaped like a rhombusOrigin- Lower ligamentum nuchea, spines of C7 and T1Insertion- Small area of posteromedial border of scapula at level of spine, below levator scapulaeAction- Retracts scapula. Rotates lower scapula back to rest positionGluteus maximus:Name origin- Gluteus comes from the Greek word for buttock and the gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the buttockOrigin- Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligamentInsertion- Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tractAction- Extends and laterally rotates hip. Maintains knee extended via iliotibial tractGluteus minimus:Name origin- Gluteus comes from the Greek word for buttock and the gluteus minimus is the smallest muscle in the buttockOrigin- Outer surface of ilium between middle and inferior gluteal linesInsertion- Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femurAction- Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on walkingFrontalis:Name origin- the frontalis is located near the frontal lobeOrigin- Occipital : highest nuchal line and mastoid process. Frontal: superior fibers of upper facial musclesInsertion- Galeal aponeurosisAction- Wrinkles forehead and fixes galeal aponeurosisTemporalis: Name origin- the temporalis is located near the temporal lobeOrigin-Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line and infratemporal crestInsertion- Medial and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandibleAction- Elevates mandible and posterior fibers retractOrbicularis Oculi:Name origin- The Latin meaning for Orbicularis Oculi is little circle in eye and it is the circular muscle around the eyeOrigin- Medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac (orbital, palpebral and lacrimal parts)Insertion- Lateral palpebral rapheAction- Closes eyelids, aids passage and drainage of tearsTransverse abdominis:Name origin- The Latin name for the Transverse abdominis is across and to turn. The muscle is across the abdomen and helps you turn from side to sideOrigin- Costal margin, lumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest and lateral half of inguinal ligamentInsertion- Aponeurosis of posterior and anterior rectus sheath and conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal lineAction- Supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure. Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canalFlexor Carpi Ulnaris:Name origin- The Latin meaning of the flexor carpi ulnaris is to bend the wrist on the ulnar side. That is what that muscle doesOrigin- Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle. Ulnar head: aponeurosis from medial olecranon and upper three quarters subcutaneous border of ulnaInsertion- Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal via pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligamentsAction- Flexes and adducts wrist. Fixes pisiform during action of hypothenar musclesExtensor digitorum longus:Name origin- The extensor digiorum longus has a Latin meaning of long muscle that straightens the toes. That is what this muscle doesOrigin-Upper two thirds of anterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane and superior tibiofibular jointInsertion- Extensor expansion of lateral four toesAction- Extends toes and extends foot at ankleSternoCleidomastoid:Name origin-It is given the name sternocleidomastoid because it originates at the manubrium of the sternum (sterno-) and the clavicle (cleido-), and has an insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull.Origin- Anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicleInsertion- Lateral aspect of mastoid process and anterior half of superior nuchal lineAction- Flexes and laterally rotates cervical spine. Protracts head when acting together . Extends neck when neck already partially extendedBrachioradialis:Name origin- a flexor of the radial side of the forearm arising from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and inserted into the styloid process of the radius.Origin- Upper two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septumInsertion- Base of styloid process of radiusAction- Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone positionBiceps Brachii:Name origin- bi=2; caput=head/ceps; biceps=two headed.Origin- Long head:supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: coracoid process of scapula with coracobrachialisInsertion- posterior border of bicipital tuberosity of radius (over bursa) and bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia and subcutaneous ulnaAction- Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulderTriceps Brachii:Name origin- tri=3; caput=head/ceps; triceps= three headed.Origin- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. lateral head: upper half posterior humerus (linear origin). medial head: lies deep on lower half posterior humerus inferomedial to spiral groove and both intermuscular septaInsertion- Posterior part of upper surface of olecranon process of ulna and posterior capsuleAction- Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts capsule of elbow joint on extensionTeres Minor:Origin- Middle third 3rd lateral border of scapula over teres minorInsertion- Inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder jointAction-Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder jointSport/Activity- Pitching in baseballJoint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder)Infraspinatus:Origin- Medial three quarters of infraspinous fossa of scapula and fibrous intermuscular septaInsertion- Middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder jointAction- Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder jointSport/Activity- Raquet sportsJoint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder)Supraspinatus:Origin- Medial three quarters of supraspinous fossa of scapula, upper surface of spine (bipennate)Insertion- Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder jointAction- Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder jointSport/Activity- ThrowingJoint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder)Teres major:Origin- Oval area (lower third) of lateral side of inferior angle of scapula below teres minorInsertion- Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerusAction- Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder jointSport/Activity- Ice hockeyJoint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder)Extensor pollicis longus:Origin- Middle third of posterior ulna (below abductor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membraneInsertion- Base of distal phalanx of thumb via Lister's tubercle (dorsal tubercle of radius).Action- Extends interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumbSport/Activity- Tennis, BowlingJoint Spanned- Condyloid (wrist, fingers), Hinge (fingers)Extensor Digitorum:Origin- Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerusInsertion- External expansion to middle and distal phalanges by four tendons. Tendons 3 and 4 usually fuse and little finger just receives a slipAction- Extends all joints of fingersSport/Activity- Catching a footballJoint Spanned- Condyloid , Hinge (fingers)Flexor pollicis longus:Origin- Anterior surface of radius below anterior oblique line and adjacent interosseous membraneInsertion- Base of distal phalanx of thumbAction- Flexes distal phalanx of thumbSport/Activity- Giving a thumbs upJoint Spanned- Hinge (finger)Flexor digitorum superficialis:Origin- Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle humerus, medial ligament of elbow. Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process and fibrous arch. Radial head: whole length of anterior oblique lineInsertion- Tendons split to insert onto sides of middle phalanges of medial four fingersAction- Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints and secondarily metacarpophalangeal joints and wristSport/Activity- Fist BumpJoint spanned- Condyloid (wrist) ................
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