Name:



Name: ___________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________

Inventions that Change Georgia-Lesson Three

How did railways change Georgia? __________________________________________

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Most railway tracks belong to which company? ________________________________

Which towns did the Western and Atlantic connect? ____________________________

What was the original town of Atlanta called? _________________________________

What did Terminus mean? __________________________________________________

Cotton Gin

Georgia Becomes King of Cotton

Mechanical Reaper

How did Inventions Bring Change to Georgia?

1. Before the age of inventions farmers in America’s early days grew just enough crops to feed their families. With new inventions farmers began to grow crops like ___________ or _________________ to sell at marketplaces. These crops were called __________________ _________________ and represented a different type of agriculture, ______________________agriculture.

2. Farmers began to devote more of their _______________ and _______________ to commercial agriculture. Their cash crops were sold in local or distant markets. This change led to a _______________economy in the United States.

3. Farmers often had to ______________ money to survive and to resupply the farms until their crops were sold. Farmers also borrowed money to buy more ________________ and _______________ to produce more crops.

A major economic development during the early 1800s was the building of railroads. Before the railroads were built, people traveled on horses, boats, or stagecoaches.

Roads, Highways, and Turnpikes

How did improved roads and turnpikes increase travel? _____________________________________

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What two towns in Georgia were connected by the stage coach line? _______________________

Which town was known as the main east-gate into the state? _____________________________________

What was the name of the first turnpike? ______________________________________________________

Which two major towns was connected by the turnpike? _________________________________________

Toll Charge

Travelers had to pay a fee at each pike to remain on the road, much like present-day toll roads. Among these turnpikes was the __________ ______________ _______________, built in 1815 to run from ______________ north through Cherokee territory into _______________________. However, even the “good” roads were poor until the late 1800s.

During the early industrial period America’s economy changed to commercial farming and contributed to the growth of factories.

Postcard

Directions: Write a postcard greeting to a friend. Include at least four major facts that you learned about today’s lesson and invite them to come along next time. Draw a picture of your favorite part of the trip.

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Essential Questions

1. Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads, had an impact on Georgia’s growth.

2. How did the Cotton Gin and the Mechanical Reaper increase crop production?

3. Describe the cause and effect relationship that occurred as new inventions revolutionized Georgia and slavery increased in the Deep South.

4. How did better roads and highways increase travel and trade throughout Georgia?

History

SS8H5 The student will explain significant factors that affected the development of Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789 and 1840.

a. Explain the establishment of the University of Georgia, Louisville, and the spread of Baptist and Methodist churches.

b. Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia; include the headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo land fraud.

c. Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads, had an impact on Georgia’s growth.

d. Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees; include the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears.

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Railway Inventions

What Major points did the Western and Atlantic Railroad Connect?

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Who owned most of Georgia’s Railway Track in the 1800’s?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why were railways an important technological advancement for people in Georgia?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Facts about the Cotton Gin

Inventor: ___________________________________

How it worked: The cotton gin had spiked teeth on a revolving cylinder that pulled the cotton through small openings to separate the cotton seeds from the lint. At the same time, a brush removed the lint from the spikes.

Why was this invention important?

1. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Advantages

1. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Disadvantages

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Advantage

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________

__________________________________________

Facts about the Mechanical Reaper

Inventor: ____________________________

How it worked: The first reapers cut the standing grain and, with a revolving reel, swept it onto a platform from which it was raked off into piles by a man walking alongside. It could harvest more grain than five men using the earlier cradles.

The reaper was eventually replaced by the self-propelled combine, operated by one man, which cuts gathers, threshes, and sacks the grain mechanically

Why was this invention important?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Disadvantage

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What was effect of a more Industrialized Georgia?

1. _______________________________________

2. _______________________________________

A main stagecoach line connected Augusta and Columbus by way of Macon, but the stagecoaches could only cover thirty to forty miles a day. Roads in wet, swampy places had logs across them and were known as plank roads. The federal government built some major highways in the early 1800s. These roads were called turnpikes because they had “pikes” or gates.

• Freight was sent to market by ________________, _______________, or ___________ __________.

• Many of Georgia’s roads were stagecoach trails cut where ___________ _______________ had been.

• Most of the roads ran from east to west. Stagecoaches ran regularly from Savannah to Athens in the north and Brunswick in the south.

• __________________ was the main east-west gateway into the state.

Ferries

Why were ferries important?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How did ferries operate in deep water?

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Greeting

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