Condition



|Conjunctivitis |Occurs in one or both eyes. Caused by several types of bacteria & |24-72 hr. |During active infection. |White or yellowish drain-age, |Refer to medical care. |

|(Pink Eye) |virus. Note: May also be related to allergies, drugs, chemicals & | | |altered vision or eyelid redness |Good personal hygiene is |

| |other illnesses. | | |exclude child from school & refer|Report clusters of cases to |

| |Eye waters profusely, appears extremely red & feels irritated. May be | | |to PHCP. |health dept. |

| |drainage of mucus, pus, or clear liquid. | | |Readmit upon PHCP approval. | |

|Erythema Infectiosum |A mild rash illness caused by parvovirus B19. Occurs in late winter & |4-20 days to |Transmitted by droplet. |Handwashing. |No treatment. |

|(Fifth Disease) |early spring, usually in clusters. First signs headache, bodyache, |development of rash |Once rash appears no longer |Pregnant women need to contact |No exclusion unless discomfort |

| |sore throat, low-grade fever, & chills. Following a week of no | |contagious. |their PHCP for direction & |from symptoms. |

| |symptoms a bright red rash appears on the cheeks giving a “slapped | | |possibly a serological test for | |

| |cheek” appearance sometimes with a “lacy” rash on arms & legs. Rash | | |immunity. | |

| |can recur for a few days or weeks affected by environmental | | |Exclude child with a temperature.| |

| |temperature. Adults may experience joint pains in hands & feet. | | | | |

|Impetigo |Bacterial skin infection that may begin with small vesicles which may |1-5 days |Until sore are completely |Good personal hygiene & |Refer to PHCP. Report clusters to|

| |contain pus and become scabbed. Caused by staphylococcus or | |healed. |handwashing will help prevent |health dept. |

| |streptococcal bacillus. | | |spread. | |

|Pertussis |Highly contagious bacterial respiratory infection. “Cold-like” |5-10 days |Greatest in cold-like stage. |Immunization of susceptible |Reportable disease. Refer to PHCP|

|(Whooping Cough) |catarrhal stage of coughing, sneezing, rhinitis, & occasional | |Rarely infectious after 4th |individuals. |for diagnosis & treatment. May |

| |vomiting. Paroxysmal stage follows in 1-3 wks. Coughing is staccato & | |week of disease. | |return after 5-7 days of |

| |comes in multiple exhausting bursts. Each cough is followed by a | |Need isolation in first 5 days | |antibiotic therapy. |

| |“whooping” sound as the child inhales. Vomiting & exhaustion may | |of antibiotic therapy. | | |

| |follow coughing. | | | | |

|Tinea |Caused by a fungus. Small red patch or bump which spread outward so |7-21 days |Duration of skin or scalp |Child may be in school while |Refer to PHCP for diagnosis & |

|(Ringworm) |that each affected area appears as a red, scaly, outer ring with a | |lesions & while fungus persists|being treated. Teach not to share|treatment. |

|scalp = capitis |clear central area. Itching sometime accompanies infection. If in | |on contaminated materials. |combs, hats, towels & other | |

|body = corporis |hair, hair may break off. | | |articles. | |

|Strep Sore Throat |Acute infection with fever, pustules on tonsils, or inflamed pharynx |2-5 days |Greatest in acute phase. |Exclude symptomatic children |Must report all localized |

| |with tender neck nodes. Can occur with very few symptoms & all sore | |Untreated, may be spread for |until at least 24 hr after |outbreaks to health dept |

|See: Scarlet Fever on |throats resembling Strep Throat are NOT due to Strep A. | |several weeks. |antibiotic therapy begins & there| |

|pg.2 | | | |is no fever. | |

|Scarlet Fever |Scarlet Fever is caused by a toxin produced by strains of the Strep | |Treated can last for less than |Exclude symptomatic children until |Refer symptomatic children to|

| |organism. Rash usually appears on neck, chest, groin, & axilla. Does | |24 hours. |at least 24 hr after antibiotic |PHCP. |

| |not usually involve the face. It feels “bran like” and peeling of skin| |May remain a carrier for long |therapy begins & there is no fever. |Notify parents of children |

| |on fingers & toes may follow rash. | |periods. | |with hx of rheumatic fever of|

| | | | | |kidney infection. |

|Pediculosis |Common infestation in children. Spread by direct contact with other |7-10 days hatching |As long as louse & nits are |Child should be treated with |Not reportable ! |

|(Head Lice) |infested children & indirectly by contact with personal articles such |of eggs. Egg to egg |alive on person or clothing. |pediculocide product before return |OTC products available for |

| |as combs & hats. Lice cannot jump, hop, or fly. Eyelashes or brows may|cycle is about 3 |Lice do not live more than 24 |to school. Clothing, bedding, need |treating. Product directions |

| |harbor lice & nits. Itching is main sign along with detec-tion of nits|wks. |hr. off a human host. Nits may |to be cleaned. Rugs & furniture may |need to be followed |

| |(eggs) or adult louse. No disease is transmitted by head lice; it is a| |survive up to 10 days. |be vacuumed. |scrupulously. |

| |nuisance not a major threat to student. Affects all humans. Current | | | |CDC states: Current evidence |

| |evidence does not support the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of | | | |does not support the efficacy|

| |classroom or school-wide screening for decreasing the incidence of | | | |and cost-effective-ness of |

| |head lice among school children. School administrators are encouraged | | | |classroom screening to |

| |to help educate parents and staff about the diagnosis, treatment, and | | | |decrease the incidence of |

| |prevention of head lice. | | | |head lice among school |

| |“No-nits” policies that require a child to be free of nits before they| | | |children. |

| |can return to school are not recommended. Children should be permitted| | | | |

| |to return to school or child care after appropriate treatment is | | | | |

| |started. Head lice can be a nuisance but they have not been shown to | | | | |

| |spread disease. | | | | |

|Scabies |Skin infestation caused by a human mite. Signs: severe itching, |4-6 wk after |While mite & eggs are in skin, |Elimite cream is treatment choice. |Send home at end of school |

| |especially at night, small blister-like eruptions or short, wavy |infestation. |clothing, or bedding. |Itching may continue weeks or months|day. Refer to PHCP for |

| |linear burrows in the skin (especially in finger webbing, wrists, | | |after treatment. |treatment. |

| |elbows, armpits, waist, buttocks & genitalia. |Mites survive 3-4 | | |Readmit after treatment. |

| | |days. | | | |

|Measles |Viral disease with serious complications. Despite vaccination this can|4 days before rash |90% of susceptible contacts |Is a reportable disease. Follow the |You will need to know the |

| |occur. It is spread by airborne droplet. Frequently parents will |to 4 days after |acquire disease. |directions of the health department |Measles susceptible students |

| |report to the school that their child has measles. These reports need |rash. | |epidemiologist. |& staff in your school. |

| |to have immediate follow-up by the school nurse. | |Virus is viable for up to 2 hr.| | |

| |Rubeola may be present the child must be referred to the PHCP for | | | |Refer to PHCP. |

| |diagnosis. | | | | |

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