Mr



Mr. McCormack Big Idea Worksheet

American Government Study Guide

Chapter Seventeen – Foreign Policy and National Defense

Section One: Foreign Affairs and National Security (p 468-475)

Foreign policy consists of all of the federal government’s __________ and all of its __________ as it conducts foreign relations. It involves: (p 469)

1. __________________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________________________________

6. __________________________________________________________________________________

7. __________________________________________________________________________________

8. __________________________________________________________________________________

Constitutionally and by tradition, the __________ bears the major responsibility for both the making and the conduct of foreign policy. (p 469)

Please describe the two basic approaches to foreign affairs. (p 468-469)

|Basic Approaches to Foreign Affairs |

|Isolationism |Dominant Period |Definition |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|Internationalism | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

The State Department, led by the Secretary of State, is the President’s __________ in foreign affairs. (p 470)

The Secretary of State ranks __________ among the members of the President’s Cabinet. (p 470)

President Washington appointed __________ as the nations first secretary of state. (p 470)

Today, the duties of the secretary relate almost solely to __________. (p 470)

The Department of State is organized along both __________ and __________ lines. (p 470)

Some __________ men and women represent the US abroad as members of the __________. (p 470)

Under international law every nation has the right of __________, which is to send and receive diplomats. This practice can be traced back approximately __________ years. (p 470-471)

An __________ is an official representative of the US appointed by the President to represent the nation in maters of diplomacy. Today, we have established embassies in more than __________ countries. We have also established some __________ consular offices abroad. (p 471)

Foreign service officers promote American interests in a multitude of ways: (p 471)

1. __________________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________________________________

Some ambassadorships are highly desired, and Presidents have often appointed people to ambassadorships as a reward for their __________. (p 471)

Certain persons appointed to other top diplomatic posts also carry the rank of ambassador, including the __________ and the __________. (p 471)

A __________ is a certificate issued by a government to its citizens who travel or live abroad. Few countries will admit persons who do not have them. A __________ is a permit to enter another country. (p 471)

All persons and things found within a country’s borders are normally subject to its jurisdiction, but __________ is a major exception. Ambassadors cannot be __________, __________, or __________, and their official residencies cannot be searched without their consent. However, if their conduct is especially bad, ambassadors may be declared __________ and expelled from the country. The sponsoring country may also waive this privilege. (p 471-2)

The Framers recognized the need for and danger of military power, so the Constitution contains provisions to ensure that the military is always subject to the control of __________. (p 473)

The Secretary of Defense has two major responsibilities: __________ and __________. (p 473)

The home of the department of defense is known as the __________. (p 473)

The five members of the __________ serve as the principal military advisors to the secretary of defense. They include the ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, and ___________. (p 473)

Please describe each of the military departments by completing the following chart. (p 474-475)

|Military Departments |

| |Army |Navy |Air Force |

|Brief History | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Current Mission | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Size & Features | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

Section Two: Other Foreign and Defense Agencies (p 477-480)

CIA is an acronym that stands for __________. (p 477)

The CIA has three major tasks: (p 477)

1.__________________________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________________________________

While much of the information we gather comes from open sources (such as __________, __________, or __________), a large share of it comes from __________. (p 477)

Much of the CIA’s work is secretive, but the National Security Act forbids it from conducting certain operations in __________. (p 478)

The Department of Homeland Security is charged with protect the US from __________. (p 478)

The Department of Homeland Security has major responsibilities in five specific areas: (p 478)

1.__________________________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________________________________

4.__________________________________________________________________________________

5.__________________________________________________________________________________

The Department of Homeland Security consists of a number of agencies transferred to it from other departments, including __________, __________, __________, and __________. (p 478)

NASA is an acronym that stands for __________. (p 479)

NASA’s work ranges from __________ to __________. Its work has opened new frontiers in __________, __________, __________, __________, ___________, ___________, and other areas. (p 479)

NASA has enjoyed many successes, including the most spectacular in 1969: __________. NASA has also suffered several setbacks, including the loss of two shuttles, __________ and __________. It’s current big project is sustaining the _________. (p 479)

The Selective Service System exists to administer a __________ should one become necessary. Compulsory military service has a long history in this country, but was last used in __________. Should it be reactivated, it would include all men between ages __________ and __________. Before it could be reactivated, __________ would have to reauthorize it. (p 480)

Section Three: American Foreign Policy Overview (p 481-489)

Timeline of Foreign Policy

Note that you will not need to memorize these dates for your test, but you should appreciate how American foreign policy goals and approaches changed over time.

1783 – Treaty of __________ ended the Revolutionary War

1803 – Jefferson purchases the __________, doubling the size of the country

1819 - __________ is purchased

1823 – President Monroe issues his doctrine stating __________

1845 - __________ is annexed

1846 – The US and Britain agree to split the __________

1848 – America wins the __________ and secures most of its southwestern territory

1853 – The __________ Purchase completed the southwestern limits of the country

1867 - __________ is purchased from Russia

1898 - __________ is annexed; the US also gains __________, ___________, ___________ from Spain

1899 – Secretary of State John Hay insists on an __________ Policy in China

1900 – President __________ issues a policy that later led the US to police Latin America in __________, __________, __________, and elsewhere

1903 – US gains the right to build the __________

1917 - __________ is purchased; US enters __________ “to make the world safe for democracy”

1922 – Mussolini rises to power in __________

1933 – Hitler rises to power in __________

1939 – WWII began in __________

1941 – Japanese attack __________, bringing the US into WWII

1945 – WWII concludes; the US drops two atomic bombs at __________ and __________; the US takes the lead in creating the __________

1947 – Truman commits the US to helping Turkey and Greece remain free from __________ control; the Cold War begins

1948 – Soviets tried to take control of __________, but the US launched an airlift to supply the city

1949 - __________ seize control of the Chinese mainland

1950 – The __________ War began

1953 – An __________, not a peace treaty, ended the war

1959 - __________ takes control of Cuba

1962 – President __________ ordered a __________ to force the Soviets to withdraw missiles from Cuba (although the US also agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey)

1965 – President __________ committed the US to full-scale war in Vietnam

1972 – President __________ travels to China and the Soviet Union

1973 – A __________ ended American fighting in Vietnam, and the last troops were withdrawn

1979 – The Soviet Union invaded __________

1991 – The __________ collapses, ending the Cold War; the US and allies invade __________

2001 – The US and allies invade __________ in response to the terrorist attacks on 9/11

2003 – The US and allies again invade __________

Section Four: Foreign Aid and Defense Alliances (p 491-498)

Since the early 1940s, the US has spent more than __________ in aid to more than 100 countries. It has taken different directions over the years. Immediately after WWII, it was primarily __________. Since then, __________ has assumed a large role in aid policy. Over recent years, __________, ___________, and various __________ have been major recipients of American help. (p 491)

Please describe each of the following security alliances. (p 492 – 494)

|Security Alliances |

|Alliance |Purpose |Members |Other Facts |

|NATO | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Rio Pact | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|ANZUS Pact | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Japanese Pact | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Phillipines Pact | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Korean Pact | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Taiwan Pact | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

The one region of the world where the US most notably lacks a defensive alliance is the __________. (p 494)

The United Nations, or UN, was formed in San Francisco in __________ when 50 nations drafted the UN Charter. __________ was the first nation to ratify the charter. Today, the UN has __________ members. (p 494-495)

The UN was created to __________. (p 495)

The UN consists of six principal organs: __________, __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________. (p 495)

The __________ has been called the “town meeting of the world.” Each member has a __________. It may debate any matter within the scope of the charter and make non-binding recommendations to the__________, __________, or any __________. It also elects the non-permanent members of the __________. (p 495)

The __________ is made up of 15 members – 5 permanent and __________ non-permanent. The permanent members are __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________. Non-permanent members serve __________ years at a time. Permanent members may __________ any resolution. (p 496)

The UN has other important bodies, including: Please list and describe the purpose of each. (p 497)

1.__________________________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________________________________

4.__________________________________________________________________________________

__________ is a primary function of the UN. UN specialized agencies spend about $4 billion a year for __________ to help poorer nations. __________ is a major concern of UN agencies, and __________ was wiped out through one campaign. The health of the __________ is another concern, and _________ has also been a priority. (p 498)

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