PLX-800 ?C
ANSWERS
EXERCISE 1: TIME CHART
Use information from the passage to complete this date chart. You should write the information in note form, not in complete sentences:
B.C.
?c.6000 Indo-European parent language possibly spoken by farmers in _Turkey___
or
?c.3000 Indo-European parent language possibly spoken in western _(former) Soviet Union
c.1300 Writing in the Hittite language in __Turkey_____
Chinese characters written on __bones_____
Earliest poems in the ____Sanskrit_ language in India
c.650 The __Greek___ alphabet first used
Late 4th.
century Alexander the Great conquers the ___Mddle East
A.D.
1st.
century The __New Testament written in Greek
_Gallic________ language dies out in France
5th. cent. End of the ___Roman________ Empire.
______Germanic_________ tribes invade Britain
c.800 Irish migration to ____Scotland____
Before
1000. ___Tocharian_________ spoken in Sinkiang.
16th.
century Ireland fully under ___Ebglish________ control
19th.
century __English________ replaces Irish as main language in _____Irealand_________
EXERCISE 2: FAMILY TREE. Fill in this table showing the relationship of the languages discussed in the passage.
Use capital letters for languages which are no longer spoken..
HITTITE
GOTHIC
_Norwegian_____
GERMANIC NORTH GERMANIC _Swedish_______
_Danish_______
_German________
WEST GERMANIC _Dutch________
_English______
GALLIC
__Welsh________
CELTIC BRITISH CELTIC __Cornish______
__Breton_______
Modern___Irish_
OLD ___Irish___
__Gaelic_______
___French_____
___Italian_____
LATIN ___Spanish_____
___Portuguese__
___Russian____
___Czech_______
SLAVONIC ___Polish______
___Serbo-Croat_
ANCIENT___Greek_ Modern __Greek_
Hindi
__Bengali______
SANSKRIT __Panjabi______
INDO-IRANIAN __Nepali_______
OLD PERSIAN Modern Persian
TOCHARIAN
The similarities are, of course, more noticeable in the older languages than in the modern ones, because the modern ones have changed more. However, if we look at some other common words, the link can still be seen. Here are some more Latin, Greek and Sanskrit words. At the bottom of the table you will find the equivalents in English, German, French and Nepali, but not in the right order. See if you can put these words from the modern languages in the blanks in the main table. The crosses in the Nepali column (X) show where the original IE word has been lost from the language:
Latin French Greek Sanskrit Nepali German English
duo deux duo dva dui____ zwei___ two____
novus nouveau neos nava naya___ neu____ new____
mater mère___ meter matr ___X___ Mutter_ mother_
septem sept___ hepta sapta sat____ sieben_ seven__
nomen nom____ onoma nama nam____ Name___ name___
okto huit___ okto ashta ath____ acht___ eight__
stella étoile__ aster tara tara___ Stern___ star_
pater père ___ pater pitr ___X___ Vater__ father_
tres trois__ treis tri tin____ drei___ three__
frater frère__ phrater bhratr bhai___ Bruder_ brother
six six____ heks shat cha__ sechs__ siz___
French: père, nom, trois, étoile, frère, six, huit, neuf, sept, mère, deux
Nepali: dui, tara, bhai, cha, naya, ath, sat, tin, nam
German: Mutter, Stern, Bruder, sechs, neu, Vater, sieben, Name, zwei, acht, drei
English: name, six, star, brother, seven, mother, two, eight, father, three, new
.
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