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Concepts Final Exam Study Guide (Period 5)

Unit 1: Nature of Science and Measurement

• Explain the importance of a controlled experiment in science and what a controlled experiment entails. Be able to define and distinguish between independent and dependent variables, controls and constants.

Unit 2: Earth’s Chemistry

• What are the parts of an atom? Be able to name, diagram, and describe properties of: the nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons.

• Distinguish between atoms, molecules, compounds and mixtures.

• Use the periodic table to give information about elements. For a given element, you should be able to determine the number of protons/neutrons/electrons, the atomic mass, and the atomic number.

• Density- definition and how volume and mass relate to density

• What are the phases of matter? Describe how energy is absorbed/released when changing matter from one phase to another.

Unit 3: Viewing and Exploring Earth and Space

• What is a topographic map? Be able to use the contour lines on a topographic map to give information about elevation, slope and the terrain.

• What is the electromagnetic spectrum? Be able to describe relationships between energy, wavelength, and frequency.

Unit 4: The Solar System

• What are Kepler’s 3 laws of planetary motion?

• Which planets are considered terrestrial planets? Gas giants? What characteristics can you use to determine whether a planet is terrestrial or gas?

• What is the order of the planets? What are defining characteristics of each of the planets?

• What are the defining characteristics of comets, asteroids and meteors? Describe the differences between a meteor, meteorite, and meteoroid.

Unit 5: The Sun-Earth-Moon System

• What is the difference between rotation and revolution? What is the result of Earth’s rotation? Revolution?

• What causes the seasons to change? How does Earth’s axial tilt of 23.5º affect seasons? Be able to diagram the tilt of the Earth and position of the Sun during each season.

• Be able to identify and draw pictures of the moon at each phase. How are the Sun, Earth and moon aligned at the various phases?

• What is the difference between a solar and lunar eclipse? Be able to explain a picture of the Sun-Earth-Moon system during each.

• How does the Moon affect Earth’s tides? Be able to explain spring and neap tides.

Unit 6: The Atmosphere

• Which gasses compose our atmosphere? Which one is most prevalent?

• What is air pressure? How does air pressure change with altitude?

• What are the layers of our atmosphere? Characteristics of each.

• What causes our global winds? How does the Coriolis effect impact the global winds?

• Compare and contrast conduction, convection, and radiation.

• What are local winds? Be able to diagram and describe land and sea breezes.

Unit 7: Water in the Atmosphere and Weather

• What is the difference between humidity and relative humidity? What is dew point? Be able to determine the relative humidity given air temperature and water content information.

• What is necessary for clouds to form? Be able to name and describe the process of adiabatic cooling to explain cloud formation.

• How are clouds classified? Know the prefixes for height and shape.

• Explain the process of precipitation. What conditions are necessary for rain, sleet, snow, or hail to form?

• How are air masses classified? Use temperature and moisture content data to infer where an air mass came from.

• Describe weather conditions associated with warm, cold, occluded and stationary fronts.

• Describe weather conditions associated with high and low pressure zones.

Unit 8 Minerals and Rocks

• Be able to name and describe the common physical properties of minerals: appearance, hardness, luster, specific gravity, streak, cleavage, and fracture.

• Apply Mohs scale to determine the hardness of common materials and minerals.

• How can an igneous rock form? Compare and contrast extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks. Know examples of each.

• How can a metamorphic rock form? What’s the difference between a foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rock. Know examples of each.

• How can a sedimentary rock form? Compare and contrast detrital, chemical and organic sedimentary rocks. Know examples of each.

Unit 9: The Rock Record

• What makes an index fossil unique?

• What is the law of superposition? How can it be used to determine the relative age of rock layers?

• What is an unconformity?

• Be able to look at a diagram of rock layers with various unconformities/cross cutting features and use your knowledge of relative dating procedures to make predictions about the past.

• What is radiometric decay? What is half life? Be able to determine the absolute age of a sample given half life data.

• What is the half life of Carbon-14? Why is carbon-14 often used in radiometric dating?

Geologic Time

• What are the characteristics of eons, eras, periods and epochs?

• What are some defining characteristics of Precambrian time? Paleozoic time? Mesozoic time? Cenozoic time?

Unit 10: Oceans

• Draw a picture to show how temperature of the ocean changes with depth. Label and describe the temperature characteristics of surface water, the thermocline and deep water.

• Identify and describe important features of the sea floor: Continental margins, abyssal plains, continental shelf, mid-ocean ridges, continental slope, seamounts, continental rise, abyssal plains, mid-ocean ridge, trench

• What causes surface currents? How do they move in the NH? In the SH? In which direction do warm/cold water currents flow?

• What causes deep water (density) currents? Compare their flow to surface currents.

Unit 11: Stars and the Galaxies

• What are the names and characteristics of the three types of galaxies? What type of galaxy is the Milky Way galaxy?

• What evidence do scientists use to support the Big Bang Theory? Explain the sequence of events predicted by the Big Bang Theory.

• Explain Hubble’s Law.

• What is the difference between absolute and apparent magnitude? What is luminosity?

• What are the three types of spectra? How can scientists use absorption spectra to determine the elements that compose a star?

• What are stars made of and how do they produce their light? What is the difference between fission and fusion? Which do stars use to generate energy?

• How can parallax be used to determine the distance to stars?

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Print this coupon for bonus points on the final.

Give to Ms. Froehlich by

-Friday, May 25th for 3 points

-Tuesday, May 29th for 2 points

-Monday June 4th for 1 point

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