Key Stage 3 Science - Cambridge University Press
[Pages:8]Key Stage 3 Science
9
Andy Cooke Jean Martin
Series editors
Consultant Authors
Andy Cooke Jean Martin
Sam Ellis
David Acaster Trevor Bavage Darren Beardsley Chris Christofi Zoe Crompton Sam Ellis Kevin Frobisher David Glover Helen Norris Jean Martin Sue McCarthy Mick Mulligan Nicky Thomas Doug Wilford
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarc?n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
? Cambridge University Press 2003
First published 2003
Printed in the United Kingdom by BemroseBooth
Typeface Delima MT System QuarkXPress?
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0 521 75011 3 paperback
Cover design by Blue Pig Design Co Page make-up and illustration by hardlines Ltd, Charlbury, Oxford
NOTICE TO TEACHERS The photocopy masters in this publication may be photocopied free of charge for classroom use within the school or institution which purchases the publication. Worksheets and photocopies of them remain in the copyright of Cambridge University Press and such photocopies may not be distributed or used in any way outside the purchasing institution. Written permission is necessary if you wish to store the material electronically.
Contents
Introduction
Unit 9A Inheritance and selection
9A.1 What information is passed from parents? 9A.2 Why are we similar but not identical? 9A.3 Differences between offspring 9A.4 The right breed for the job 9A.5 How new varieties of plant are produced 9A.6 What is a clone?
Unit 9B Fitness and health
9B.1 Ideas about fitness 9B.2 Breathing in action 9B.3 The dangers of smoking 9B.4 Why your diet is important 9B.5 The use and abuse of drugs 9B.6 Fit for life
Unit 9C Plants and photosynthesis
9C.1 How do plants grow? 9C.2 Leaves and photosynthesis 9C.3 What happens to the glucose made in leaves? 9C.4 Roots, water and minerals 9C.5 Green plants and the environment
Unit 9D Plants for food
9D.1 Where does our food come from? 9D.2 How do fertilisers affect plant growth? 9D.3 Plants out of place 9D.4 Pests 9D.5 Producing more food
Unit 9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds
9E.1 Why are metals useful? 9E.2 Reacting metals with acids 9E.3 Reacting metal carbonates with acids 9E.4 Reacting metal oxides with acids 9E.5 More about salts
Unit 9F Patterns of reactivity
9F.1 What happens to metals? 9F.2 Metals and water 9F.3 Reactivity of metals with acids 9F.4 Metals and oxygen 9F.5 Displacement reactions 9F.6 Sources and uses of metals 9F.7 Investigating metals and acids further
Page v
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iii
Spectrum Key Stage 3 Science ? Cambridge University Press 2003
Unit 9G Environmental chemistry
233
9G.1 Are soils different from each other?
233
9G.2 Acid rain
244
9G.3 What causes acid rain?
251
9G.4 Can we reduce the amount of acid in rain?
257
9G.5 Is global warming really happening?
265
Unit 9H Using chemistry
272
9H.1 What chemical reactions take place when fuels burn?
272
9H.2 Chemical reactions as energy resources
290
9H.3 What new materials can chemical reactions make?
298
9H.4 Atoms and molecules in new materials
306
Unit 9I Energy and electricity
322
9I.1 How is energy involved in doing useful things?
322
9I.2 How does electricity transfer energy?
332
9I.3 Paying for and reducing the waste of electricity
343
9I.4 Where do we get electrical energy from?
351
Unit 9J Gravity and space
359
9J.1 What is gravity?
359
9J.2 How have our ideas about the Solar System changed?
367
9J.3 What keeps planets and satellites in orbit?
374
Unit 9K Speeding up
385
9K.1 Describing how fast something moves
385
9K.2 Working out the speed
390
9K.3 Force and speed
395
9K.4 Slowing things down
400
9K.5 Streamlining
408
9K.6 Skydiving and parachutes
413
Unit 9L Pressure and moments
423
9L.1 What is pressure?
423
9L.2 Gases under pressure
433
9L.3 Liquids under pressure
440
9L.4 Turning forces
448
9L.5 Balance and levers
455
Answers to Class Book questions
462
Summary activities
481
Scientific investigations
518
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Spectrum Key Stage 3 Science ? Cambridge University Press 2003
Introduction
9A.1 What information is passed from parents?
Link to QCA scheme of work
This topic links to Unit 9A Learning Objectives, under the heading `What characteristics can be inherited?'
Learning outcomes
ALL pupils should be able to: ? understand that offspring are similar but not identical to parents; ? understand that some characteristics are inherited.
MOST pupils should also be able to: ? describe similarities between parents and offspring; ? identify some inherited characteristics; ? identify features caused by the environment.
SOME pupils should also be able to: ? find examples of, and distinguish between, inherited and environmental characteristics.
Resources map
Support Activity 9A.1a
Main route Class book pp. 1?2
Activity 9A.1b
Extension
1
Spectrum Key Stage 3 Science ? Cambridge University Press 2003
9A.1
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