Physics Formulas and Constants
Physics Formulas and Constants
|Metric Prefixes |Astronomy |Subatomic Parts |Conversions |Constants |Common Angles |
|giga, G, 109 |me = 5.97 x 1024 kg |
|Average Velocity vav in m/s |vav = ½(vo + vt) = d/t |
|Acceleration a in m/s2 |a = (vt – vo)/t |
|Uniform Circular Motion |v = 2πr/T |
|(circumference = 2πr, T = period) | |
| |ac = v2/r |
|Kinematic Equations |d = vot + ½at2 |
| | |
| |Ry = Rsinθ |
| |R = (Rx2 + Ry2)½ |
| |tanθ = Ry/Rx |
|Force F in N |F|| = ma |
|ΣF|| = ma | |
|ΣF⊥ = 0 | |
| |Fg = mg = GMm/r2 |
| |Ff ≤ μFn |
| |Fs = kx |
| |Fc = mv2/r |
|Torque τ in m•N |τ = r⊥Fr |
|Center of Mass cm in m |cm = Σ(rimi)/Σ(mi) |
|Work W in J |W = F||d |
|Power P in W = J/s |P = W/t = Fvav |
|Kinetic Energy K in J |K = ½mv2 |
| |Kr = ½βmv2 |
|Potential Energy U in J |Ug = mgh = -GMm/r |
| |Us = ½kx2 |
|Conservation of Mechanical Energy |K + U ± W = K' + U' |
|Momentum p in kg•m/s |p = mv |
|Impulse J in N•s = kg•m/s |J = FΔt = mΔv = Δp |
|K Δ p |K = p2/2m |
|Conservation of Momentum |pA + pB = pA' + pB' |
|Angular Momentum L in kg•m2/s |L = rβmv |
|Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) |Ts = 2π(m/k)½ |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |vo = 2πA/T = A(k/m)½ |
| |aA = vo2/A = A(k/m) |
| |Ko = ½mv2 |
| |UA = ½kA2 |
|Pendulum |Tp = 2π(L/g)½ |
|Mass-Energy |E = mc2 |
|Nuclear Reaction |mreactants = mproducts ± mBE |
|Particle Wavelength |λparticle = h/p |
|Photon in J or eV |Ephoton = hf = mc2 |
| |Ephoton= 1240 eV•nm/λnm |
| |pphoton = mc = h/λ = E/c |
|Electron Energy Levels in J or eV |En-electron = -B/n2 |
|Photoelectrons in J or eV |Kelectron = Ephoton - φmetal |
|Density ρ in kg/m3 |ρ = m/V |
|Pressure P in Pa = N/m2 |P = F/A |
| |P = ρgh |
|Buoyancy Fb in N |Fb = ρfVog |
|Volume Flow Rate in m3/s |V/t = A1v1 = A2v2 |
|Bernoulli's Equation in Pa |P + ρgy + ½ρv2 = C |
|Specific Gravity |s.g. = ρobject/ρfluid |
|Rate of Heat Transfer in W |H = kA(TH – TL)/L |
|Thermal Expansion in m |ΔL = αLoΔT |
|Molecular Kinetic Energy in J |K = 3/2RT = ½Mv2 |
|Ideal Gas Law |PV = nRT |
|Calorimetry in J |Q = mcΔT |
|Heat Engines in J |ΔU = Qin + Win |
| | |
|isobaric | |
|isothermic | |
|isometric adiabatic | |
| |Win = -PΔV |
| |ΔU = 3/2Δ(PV) = 3/2nRΔT |
| |ec = (TH – TL)/TH |
| |e = |Win – Wout|/ΣQin |
|Mechanical Waves |T = 1/f |
| |vw = λ/T = λf |
| |vw = [FT/(m/L)]½ (string) |
| |λn = 2L/n, fn = nf1 |
| |f' = f(vw ± vo)/(vw ± vs) |
|Radius of Curvature r |r = 2f |
|Refraction |vn = c/n, fn = f1, λn = λ1/n |
| |n1sinθ1= n2sinθ2 |
| |sinθc = nlow/nhigh |
|Lens and Mirrors |1/do + 1/±di = 1/±f |
|convex lens = concave mirror | |
| |M = hi/ho = -di/do |
| 2 slit Interference m =|tanθ = x/L |
|1 | |
|x | |
|d θ L m | |
|= 0 | |
| |sinθc = mλ/d |
| |sinθd = (m + ½)λ/d |
|Light Spot Width W |W ≈ 2λL/D |
|Electric Field E in N/C = V/m |E = k|Q|/r2 |
|Electric Force Fe in N |Fe = k|Qq|/r2 = |q|E |
|Voltage V in J/C = V |V = kQ/r |
|Electric Energy Ue in J |Ue = kQq/r = qV |
|Capacitance C in F |C = єoA/d |
| Vhigh+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 6 V |V = Ed |
|4 V | |
|d E | |
|2 V | |
|Vlow – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0 V | |
| |Q = CV |
| |UC = ½QV = ½CV2 = ½Q2/C |
| |1/Cs = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + ... |
| |Cp = C1 + C2 + ... |
|Battery in V |V = E – IR |
| |Es = E1 ± E2 |
|Current I in A = C/s |I = Q/t |
|Resistors in Ω |R = ρL/A |
| |V = IR |
| |P = IV = I 2R = V2/R |
| |Rs = R1 + R2 + ... |
| |1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... |
|Magnetic Field B in T |Bstraight = k'I/r |
| |Bloop = μoI(N/L) |
|Magnetic Force FB in N |FB = qvB = ILB |
|Induced emf E in V |ΦB = A x B |
| |E = ΔΦB/Δt = vLB |
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