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The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs. Each kidney is about the size of a fist. Your kidneys filter extra water and wastes out of your blood and make urine. Kidney disease means your kidneys are damaged and can’t filter blood the way they should.

You are at greater risk for kidney disease if you have diabetes or high blood pressure. If you experience kidney failure, treatments include kidney transplant or dialysis. Other kidney problems include acute kidney injury, kidney cysts, kidney stones, and kidney infections.

When you have kidney failure, what you eat and drink can help you maintain a healthy balance of nutrients, salts, and minerals in your body and make your treatments work better. Work with a dietitian to create your eating plan.

Hemodialysis is a treatment to filter wastes and extra water from your blood. A machine pumps your blood through a filter outside of your body and returns filtered blood to your body. You can have this treatment in a center—usually three times each week—or at home.

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1. Hemodialysis rids your body of harmful wastes. What else does hemodialysis remove?

A. Extra protein

B. Extra salt

C. Extra water

D. Extra insulin

E. B and C

2. What is the filter called that acts as an artificial kidney in hemodialysis?

A. Dialyzer

B. Hemolyzer

C. Nephrolyzer

D. None of the above

3. The only purpose of kidney is to filter blood. Is the statement true or false? Justify.

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4. Which of the following does not form part of the glomerular fi ltration barrier?

(a) Endothelial cell fenestration

(b) Sub-endothelial space

(c) Glomerular basement membrane

(d) Podocyte foot process slit diaphragm

(e) Sub-podocyte space

5. Urea and urine are made in kidney and excreted out through excretory system. Is the statement true or false? Justify your response.

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6. People on dialysis should not eat more ...................... in their diet.

7. Immunosuppressant drugs are taken ______.

a) With hemodialysis

b) With a kidney transplant

c) With polynephritis

d) With renal stones

8. Can a dialyzing machine will work in absence of heparin pump? Why or why not?

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9. Dialysate solution is-

A. Isotonic solution

B. Hypotonic solution

C. Hypertonic solution

D. Solution with variable concentration

10. Removal of air bubble trap from dialysis process affect the filtration process by-

A. compromise the operation of ultrafiltration

B. loss of effective membrane area

C. air may accumulates in the dialyzer

D. All of these

11. Dialysis fluid contains a glucose concentration -

A. equal to a normal blood sugar level as it prevents the net movement of glucose across the membrane

B. More than normal blood sugar level as a concentration gradient required

C. Less than normal blood sugar level as a concentration gradient required

D. Equal to normal blood sugar level as a concentration gradient exists

12. Find A and B in the diagram

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13. Find A in the diagram and find its effect on collecting duct.

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