BUMPER CARS



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HELPFUL TERMS AND FORMULAS

Circumference of a Circle: C = 2(r where r is the radius of the circle

( = 3.14

Centripetal Force: FC=mv2/r where m is mass. v is velocity and r is radius

Speed: Speed = Distance

Time

Acceleration: a = vf - vi where vf is the final velocity and vi is the initial velocity time

Work: W = Force x Distance = Weight x Height (distance)

Power: The number of joules of work done in one second. P= W/t

W=work, t= time

Potential Energy: PE = mgh where m is the mass in kg, g is the force of gravity 9.8 m/s/s, h is the height in meters

Kinetic Energy: KE = ½ mv2 where m is mass and v is velocity

Proportion for Converting m/s to mph:

1 meter = 2.23 miles

Second hour

Mass of one person: Use 70 kg

Weight: w = mg where m is mass and g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s/s)

ROUND ALL FINAL ANSWERS TO THE NEAREST TENTH.

Batman the Ride

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Great American Scream Machine

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Rolling Thunder

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Activity One: KINGDA KA

(Energy: Potential & Kinetic)

**Note: If Kingda Ka is not operational, then do this activity with The Buccaneer

Purpose: Compare the potential and kinetic energy of the spectacular coaster, Kingda Ka. The ride launches from standing and then travels up over a “top hat” that is 130m (425ft) tall.

1. Warm Up Questions

a. What is potential energy?

b. What is the equation for potential energy?

c. Where is the ride at the greatest height?

d. Where does the rider have the greatest potential energy and why?

e. What is kinetic energy?

f. What is the equation for kinetic energy?

g. At what point does the ride reach its greatest velocity?

h. Where does the rider have the greatest kinetic energy and why?

2. Watch the ride in action. You will graph the change in potential and kinetic energy of the ride from start to finish. You will not be graphing actual data points.

a. Label the axes. (Hint: Time goes on the “x” axis and energy on the “y” axis.)

b. Make a dashed line to represent potential energy.

c. Make a solid line to represent kinetic energy.

| | | | | |

|Time to come down the slide or | | | | |

|largest hill from the top. (sec)| | | | |

|Length of slide or hill (m) | | | | |

|Determine the average speed for | | | | |

|the boats or train cars as they | | | | |

|travel down the largest hill or | | | | |

|slide (m/s). | | | | |

|Is the boat/train’s average | | | | |

|speed the same as its speed at | | | | |

|the very bottom of the | | | | |

|hill/slide? Explain | | | | |

|How could you determine the | | | | |

|speed of the boat/train at the | | | | |

|very bottom of the hill/slide | | | | |

|where it is going the fastest? | | | | |

|Determine the speed of the | | | | |

|boat/train at the very bottom of| | | | |

|the hill/slide (m/s). | | | | |

Activity Three: The Basics of Speed—Log Flume Questions

1. Why is there water on the slide and not just at the bottom?

2. Where on the ride do the riders lunge forward? Explain why this happens.

3. Calculate the acceleration from the top of the slide to the bottom of the slide—assume a starting velocity of 0m/s.

4. Sketch the slide and splash zone below and label the following:

a. Any point where velocity is constant

b. Any point where acceleration occurs

c. Any point where forces are unbalanced

d. Any point where forces are balanced

SKETCH HERE:

Activity Four: Roller Coasters—Work, Power and Energy

(Work, Power & Energy)

Purpose: Apply the concepts of work, power and energy to a roller coaster.

Directions: Complete calculations and questions for the Batman ride and one other roller coaster.

| |Batman |Great American Scream Machine |Rolling Thunder |

|Mass of a Rider (kg) |70 |70 |70 |

|Time for the car to reach the top of the | | | |

|first hill (sec) | | | |

|Work the motors do on a single rider to get | | | |

|them to the top of the first hill (J) | | | |

|Power of motor to get one rider to the top of| | | |

|the first hill (J) | | | |

1. In terms of work, what is the advantage for the Great Adventure staff by having you climb the steps to get up to the Batman ride?

2. On which type of hill does a motor have to exert more force, a steep hill or a shallow one? Why?

3. The power of a motor indicates how much work it can do per second. If the time to go uphill were shorter, what would happen to the power needed?

4. Where on the ride do you have the most gravitational potential energy? The least? Explain.

5. Why do some people think it makes a ride more exciting to have a longer first hill?

6. Where on the ride do you have the greatest velocity?

Continued (

Activity Four: Roller Coasters (cont.)

7. Where on the ride do you have the most kinetic energy? How do you know?

8. Describe the way potential and kinetic energy are exchanged as the ride progresses.

9. Why is the first hill of a roller coaster always the highest?

10. Did you ever feel as you were lifting out of your seat? Where and why? (Use the word “inertia” in your explanation.)

Helpful Terms and Formulas

Circular Motion: motion in a circle Student Mass: 70kg Student Weight: 686N

| |Units |Definition |Equation |[pic] |

|Radius |meters (m) |Length of the line from the center to any point|d/2 | |

|(r) | |on the edge | | |

|Diameter |meters (m) |Length of the line through the center of a |2 x r | |

|(d) | |circle from side to side | | |

|Circumference |meters |Distance around outside |C= 2πr | |

|(C) |(m) | |π = 3.14 | |

| | | |r = radius | |

|Period |seconds |Time for one cycle of motion to be completed | | |

|(T) |(s) | | | |

Useful conversions

1000 meters (m) = 1 kilometer (km) 0.6 miles (mi) = 1 kilometer (km)

9.8 N = 2.2 lbs 746 watts (W) = 1 horsepower (hp)

1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lbs)

|Term |Units |Definition |Equation |

|Force |Newtons |-A push or pull -Causes an object to accelerate: speed up, slow down, or change | |

|(F) |(N) |directions. 9.8N = 2.2lbs | |

|Balanced Forces | |-When all forces acting on an object are equal -The object doesn’t move or remains | |

| | |traveling at a steady speed | |

|Unbalanced Forces | |-When all the forces acting on an object are not equal | |

| | |-The object will accelerate (speed up, slow down, change direction) in the direction of| |

| | |the strongest force | |

|Friction |Newtons |A force that fights against motion that is always present | |

| |(N) |9.8N = 2.2lbs | |

|Centripetal Force (Fc) | |Force that makes an object move in a circle—it acts toward the center of the circle |Fc = m·v2/r |

| |Fc |centri- center -petal: loving | |

|Centrifugal Force | |FAKE force felt by a person moving in a circle that makes them feel as if they are | |

| | |flying away from the center when in reality they’re just moving in a straight line | |

| | |centri: center -fugal: fearing | |

|Inertia | |-Tendency of an object to remain in motion or at rest | |

| | |-Sluggishness of an object -Related to mass | |

|Mass |kilograms (kg) |-Amount of matter in an object -Measure of an object’s inertia -NOT weight | |

|(m) | | | |

|Weight |Newtons (N) |Force of attraction between the mass of an object and the Earth’s mass |w = mg |

|(w) | |9.8 N = 2.2lbs |g = 9.8 |

| | | |m = mass |

MOTION: A change in position over time

|Term |Units |Definition |Equation |

|Speed (s) |meters per second (m/s) |Distance traveled per unit of time |s = d/t |

| | |How fast something moves | |

|Velocity |meters per second (m/s) |Distance traveled per unit of time including direction |v = d/t |

|(v) | |Speed + direction |d = distance (m) |

| | | |t = time (s) |

|Acceleration |meters per second per |Change in velocity over a period of time |a = vf - vi |

|(a) |second | |t |

| |(m/s2) |Speeding up, slowing down or changing direction |a = acceleration (m/s2) |

| | |Unbalanced forces cause acceleration |vf = final (ending) velocity (m/s) |

| | | |vi = initial (starting) velocity (m/s) |

| | | |t = time elapsed (s) |

|Newton’s Laws of Motion |

|First Law (law of inertia): an object in motion will stay in motion; an object at rest will |

|stay at rest until acted on by an outside force |

| |

|Second Law: F = ma A small mass acted on by a force will accelerate more quickly |

|than a large mass acted on by the same force. |

|F = force (N) m = mass (kg) a = acceleration (m/s/s*) *[m/s2] |

| |

|Third Law: for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force |

Energy: the ability to do work; something that an object HAS

|Term |Units |Definition |Equation |Info |

|Work |joule |Distance an object moves times the force needed to |W = F x d | |

|(W) |(J) |move it | | |

| | |VERTICAL: Weight x Height |F = force (N) | |

| |Newton-meters |HORIZONTAL: Force x Distance |d = distance (m) | |

| |(N·m) | | | |

|Power |watts |Amount of work done per unit of time |P = F x d |1 hp = 746 w |

|(P) |(w) |(how quickly work is done) |t | |

| | | |F = force (N) | |

| | | |d = distance (m) | |

| | | |t = time (s) | |

|Potential Energy |joules |Energy an object has due to position (usually height) |PE = mgh |Work and PE are basically the same |

|(PE) |(J) |Something an object HAS | |thing—work to lift it to that height IS its|

| | | |m = mass (kg) |PE |

| | | |g = 9.8 | |

| | | |h = height (m) | |

|Kinetic Energy |joules |Energy of motion—a moving object has KE |KE = mv2 |An object with height has gravitational |

|(KE) |(J) | |2 |potential energy |

| | | |m = mass (kg) |Once it begins to move that energy is |

| | | |v = velocity (m/s) |changed into kinetic energy |

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Chaperone:__________________________

Great Adventure Physics Trip 2011

Packet Expectations

1. Include equation when necessary

2. Use correct scientific units

3. Include units on all numbers, not just answers.

4. Show all calculations

5. Round all final answers to tenths.

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