WK
|SCHEME OF WORK BIOLOGY FORM FOUR TERM ONE YEAR 2020 |
|W |L/ |TOPIC/ |LESSON / SPECIFIC |TEACHING / LEARNING |MATERIALS |REF. |REMARKS |
|NO |NO |SUBTOPIC |OBJECTIVES |ACTIVITIES |/ | | |
| | | | | |RESOURCES | | |
|1 |1 |GENETICS |By the end of the lesson, the learner should be|Exposition of new concepts. | | | |
| | | |able to: |Probing questions on some variations in human | |KLB BK IV. | |
| | |The concept of variation. |Define Genetics. |beings. |Ink pad, hand lenses, |PP 1-2. | |
| | | |Define variation. |Observe some variations in human beings such as |white paper. | | |
| | | | |tongue rolling, finger prints, students’ | | | |
| | | | |heights, etc. | | | |
| | | | |Discussion on the concept of variation. | | | |
| |2-3 |Discontinuous variation. |Define discontinuous variation. |Observe some discontinuous variations in human | |KLB BK IV. | |
| | | | |beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood | |P 3. | |
| | | | |groups, etc. | | | |
| | | | |Discussion on the concept of discontinuous | | | |
| | | | |variation. | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |4,5 |Continuous variation. |Define continuous variation. |Class activity ; students measure and record |Metre rules/ tape | | |
| | | |Give examples of characteristics that show |their heights; |measure, |KLB BK IV. | |
| | | |continuous variation. |Plotting of frequency-height graph; |Graph papers |PP 3-4 | |
| | | | |Analyzing the graph; | | | |
| | | | |Discussion with probing questions. | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
|2 |1-2 |Causes of variation. |Discuss causes of variation. |Exposition of new concepts. | |KLB BK IV. | |
| | | | |Discussion with probing questions. | |P 4 | |
| | | | | | | | |
|2 |3-4 |The chromosome. |Describe the structure of chromosomes. |Exposition of new concepts. | |KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.| |
| | | | |Probing questions. | | | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| |5 |Chromosomal behaviour during |Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis. |Exposition; |Scissors, |KLB BK IV. PP 5-6 | |
| | |mitosis. | |Teacher demonstrations; |Manilla papers, thread, | | |
| | | | |Drawing diagrams; |cellotape. | | |
| | | | |Detailed discussion. | | | |
|3 |1-2 |Chromosomal behaviour during |Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis. |Exposition; |Scissors, |KLB BK IV. PP 6-7 | |
| | |meiosis. | |Teacher demonstrations; |Manilla papers, threads, | | |
| | | | |Drawing diagrams; |cellotape. | | |
| | | | |Detailed discussion. | | | |
| |3-4 |Genes and DNA. |Describe the structure of genes and DNA. |Expository approach. |Chart- the double helix |KLB BK IV. PP 7-8 | |
| | | |Identify the role of DNA. | |DNA. | | |
| |5 |DNA replication. |Describe DNA replication. |Exposition; | |KLB BK IV. PP 9-10| |
| | | |Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis. |Drawing mRNA strands. | | | |
|4 |1 |First law of heredity. |Describe Mendel’s experiments. |Exposition with explanations. | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |State Mendel’s first law. | | |11-12 | |
| |2-3 |Monohybrid inheritance. |Define monohybrid inheritance. |Q/A to review Mendel’s first law. | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |Differentiate between genotype and phenotype. |Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses. | |12-14 | |
| | | |Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses. |Discussion with probing questions. | | | |
| |4-5 |Genetic crosses using a punnet |Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square. |Completing a punnet square; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |square. | |Brief discussion. | |14-15 | |
|5 |1-2 |Ratios of phenotypes and |Explain the concept of probability in |Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes. |Beans of two different |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |genotypes. |inheritance of characteristics. |Simple experiments on probability. |colours, beakers. |15-17 | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| |3-4 |Incomplete dominance. |Cite examples of incomplete dominance. |Exposition; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams. |Discussion; | |19-20. | |
| | | | |Drawing diagrams. | | | |
| |5 |Inheritance of ABO blood groups. |Identify the four blood groups and their |Exposition; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |genotypes. |Discussion; | |20-21 | |
| | | |Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with |Drawing diagrams; | | | |
| | | |diagrams. |Supervised practice on inheritance of blood | | | |
| | | | |groups. | | | |
|6 |1 |Inheritance of ABO blood groups. |Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with |Exposition; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |diagrams. |Discussion; | |20-21 | |
| | | | |Drawing diagrams; | | | |
| | | | |Supervised practice on inheritance of blood | | | |
| | | | |groups. | | | |
| |2 |Inheritance of Rhesus factor. |Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor. |Exposition; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |Discussion. | |21-22 | |
| |3-4 |Determining unknown genotypes. |Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses |Exposition; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |and selfing crosses. |Probing questions; | |22-23 | |
| | | | |Drawing illustrative diagrams; | | | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| |5 |Sex determination in man. |Describe sex determination in man. |Exposition; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |Drawing illustrative diagrams; | |23-24 | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
|7 |1-2 |Sex-linked genes and traits. |Identify sex-linked traits in man. |Probing questions; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits |Drawing illustrative diagrams; | |24-27 | |
| | | |with diagrams. |Discussion. | | | |
| |3-4 |Non-disjunction. |Explain effects of non-disjunction as a |Exposition of new concepts; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |chromosomal abnormality. |Discussion. | |30-33 | |
| |5-1 |TEST & MID – TERM BREAK | | | | |
|8 | | | | | | |
| |2-3 |Gene mutation. |Differentiate between chromosomal and gene |Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation; |Models to show |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |mutation. |Using sequence models to show chromosomal |Chromosomal mutations. |33-35 | |
| | | |Identify types of gene mutation. |mutations. | | | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| |4-5 |Disorders due to gene mutations. |Explain some disorders due to gene mutations. |Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams. |haemophilia, colour blindness. | |35-38 | |
| | | | |Drawing illustrative diagrams. | | | |
|9 |1-2 |Disorders due to gene mutations. |Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams. |Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |haemophilia, colour blindness. | |35-38 | |
| | | | |Drawing illustrative diagrams. | | | |
| |3-4 |Applications of genetics. |Identify areas of practical application of |Probing questions; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |genetics. |Open discussion; | |39-45 | |
| | | | |Topic review. | | | |
| |5 |EVOLUTION | | | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | | | |49-51 | |
| | |Meaning of evolution. |Define evolution. |Brain storming; | | | |
| | |Theories of origin of life. |Explain the theories of life. |Probing questions; | | | |
| | | | |Q/A on creation theory; | | | |
| | | | |Exposition of chemical theory. | | | |
|10 |1-2 |Evidence for organic evolution. |Cite evidence for organic evolution. |Brain storming; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |Probing questions; | |51-59 | |
| | | | |Exposition; | | | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| |3-4 |Comparative anatomy and homologous|Define divergent evolution. |Examine forelimbs of vertebrates; |Forelimbs of vertebrates.|KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |structures. |Give examples of homologous structures. |Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs. | |59-63 | |
| |5 |Comparative anatomy and homologous|Define divergent evolution. |Examine forelimbs of vertebrates; |Forelimbs of vertebrates.|KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |structures. (contd) |Give examples of homologous structures. |Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs. | |59-63 | |
|11 |1 |Convergent evolution and analogous|Define convergent evolution. |Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat. |Wings of insects, wings |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |structures. |Give examples of analogous structures. |Discuss observations. |of birds / bat. |63-64 | |
| | | |Give examples of vestigial structures. | | | | |
| |2-3 |Convergent evolution and analogous|Define convergent evolution. |Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat. |Wings of insects, wings |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |structures.(contd) |Give examples of analogous structures. |Discuss observations. |of birds / bat. |63-64 | |
| | | |Give examples of vestigial structures. | | | | |
| |4 |Larmack’s theory of evolution. |Explain Larmack’s theory of evolution. |Expositions and explanations. | |KLB BK IV. P 67 | |
| |5 |Darwin’s theory of natural |Explain Darwin’s theory of natural selection. |Expositions and explanations; | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |selection. |Cite examples of natural selection in action. |Probing questions; | |67-72 | |
| | | | |Topic review. | | | |
|1213 | |END OF TERM ONE EXAMS | |
|SCHEME OF WORK BIOLOGY FORM FOUR TERM TWO YEAR 2020 |
|W |L/ |TOPIC/ |LESSON / SPECIFIC |TEACHING / LEARNING |MATERIALS |REF. |REMARKS |
|NO |NO |SUBTOPIC |OBJECTIVES |ACTIVITIES |/ | | |
| | | | | |RESOURCES | | |
|1 |1-2 |RECEPTION, RESPONSE & | | | | | |
| | |CO-ORDINATION | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |Meaning of stimulus, response and | | | | | |
| | |irritability. |Define of stimulus, response and irritability. |Brain storming; |Brad crumbs, termites, |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |Explain the need for sensitivity and response. |Exposition; |dry sand, moth balls. |73-74 | |
| | |Tactic responses. |Identify types of tactics responses. |Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites; | | | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| |3-4 |Tropism and types of tropism. |Identify types of tropism. |Examine previous plant set –ups on response to |Seedlings, klinostat, |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |State differences between tropisms and taxes. |light, gravity; |corked beaker. |74-78 | |
| | | | |Probing questions and discussion. | | | |
| |5 |Nastic responses. |Identify types of nastic responses |Q/A and discussion. | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | | | |78-80 | |
|2 |1-3 |Role of auxins in tropisms. |Explain the role of auxins in tropisms. |Examine previous plant set –ups on response to | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |light, gravity; contact; | |80-83 | |
| | | | |Probing questions and discussion. | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |4-5 |Response and | | | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |Co-ordination in animals. | | | |84-85 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |The nervous system. | | | | | |
| | | |State components of the nervous system. |Descriptive and expository approaches. |Illustrative diagrams. | | |
| | | |Describe the structure of nerve cells. | | | | |
|3 |1 |Types of neurons. |Identify types of neurons. |Descriptive and expository approaches. |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | | | |85-88 | |
| | |The brain. |Describe structure of the human brain. | | | | |
| |2 |Reflex actions. |Differentiate between simple and conditioned |Illustrate a simple reflex arc. |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |reflex actions. |Probing questions on differences between simple | |88-90 | |
| | | | |and conditioned reflex actions. | | | |
| |3,4 |Transmission of a nerve impulse. |Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse. |Descriptive and expository approaches. |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | | | |90-93 | |
| |5 |The endocrine system. |Identify components of endocrine system. |Discussion; tabulate the differences. |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP 93-6| |
| | | |Compare endocrine system. With nervous system. | | | | |
|4 |1-2 |The mammalian eye. |Identify major parts of the human eye. |Brain storming; |Chart- the human eye. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |Explain image formation and interpretation in |Discussion with probing questions. | |93-100 | |
| | | |the eye. | | | | |
| |3-4 |Accommodation of the eye. |Explain the role of ciliary muscles in |Discussion with probing questions, |Chart- focusing far and |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |accommodation of the eye. |Drawing illustrative diagrams. |near points. |100-1 | |
| |5 |Defects of vision and their |Identify defects of vision. |Detailed discussion with probing questions; |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |correction. |Explain correction of vision defects. |Drawing illustrative diagrams. | |101-4 | |
|5 |1 |Defects of vision and their |Identify defects of vision. |Detailed discussion with probing questions; |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |correction. |Explain correction of vision defects. |Drawing illustrative diagrams. | |101-4 | |
| |2 |The human ear. |Identify major parts of the human ear. |Descriptive and expository approaches. |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |Drawn diagrams. | |104-5 | |
| |3 |Hearing. |Explain how the ear perceives sound. |Descriptive and expository approaches. | |KLB BK IV. P 106 | |
| |4 |Body balance and posture. |Explain how the ear maintains body balance and |Descriptive and expository approaches. | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |posture. | | |107-8 | |
| |5 |Defects of the ear. |Identify some defects of the ear. |Descriptive and expository approaches. | |KLB BK IV. | |
| | | | | | |P 108 | |
|6 |1 |SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND | | | |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |ANIMALS | | | |111-2 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |Importance of support and movement| | | | | |
| | |in plants. | | | | | |
| | | |Explain the importance of support and movement |Brain storming; | | | |
| | | |in plants. |Probing questions; | | | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| |2 |Arrangement of tissues in a |Draw and label a transverse section of a |Examine transverse section of a monocotyledonous|Monocotyledo-nous stem, |KLB BK IV. | |
| | |monocotyledonous stem. |monocotyledonous stem. |stem. |eg. tradescantia, |PP111-2. | |
| | | | | |microscope, | | |
| | | | | |Razors. | | |
|6 |3,4 |Arrangement of tissues in a |Draw and label a transverse section of a |Examine transverse section of a dicotyledonous |Herbaceous stem, |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | |dicotyledonous stem. |dicotyledonous stem. |stem, herbaceous and woody stems. |microscope, slides, |111-5 | |
| | | |Draw and label a transverse section of | |Razors. | | |
| | | |herbaceous and woody stems. | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |5 |Stem tissues. |Identify some stem tissues. |Drawing and labeling diagrams; |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |Explain the role of stem tissues. |Discussion. | |113-5 | |
|7 |1 |Wilting in plants. |Compare the rate of wilting of herbaceous and |Uproot herbaceous and woody plants; | |KLB BK IV. P 116 | |
| | | |woody stems. |Observe tem for about 30 min; | | | |
| | | |Account for difference in rate of water loss. |Brief discussion. | | | |
| |2-3 |The exoskeleton. |Describe the structure of the exoskeleton. |Examine movement of a live arthropod; |A live arthropod, |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |Observe muscles of the hind limb of a |E.g. grasshopper, |116-7 | |
| | | | |grasshopper; |millipede. | | |
| | | | |Relate the observations to the function of the | | | |
| | | | |exoskeleton. | | | |
| |4-5 |The endoskeleton. |Describe the structure of the endoskeleton. |Observe skeleton of a vertebrate; |The human skeleton. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |Compare it with an exoskeleton. | |117-8 | |
| | | | |Discuss the contrasting features. | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |5 |TEST | | | | | |
|8 |1 |Locomotory features of a finned |Identify the locomotory features of a finned |Observe external features of a tilapia. |A freshly killed tilapi | | |
| | |fish. |fish. |Drawing and labeling; | | | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| |2-3 |Locomotion in a finned fish. |Explain how locomotion occurs in a finned fish.|Review external features of a tilapia. |A freshly killed tilapia.|KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |Explain how a fish is adapted to locomotion in |Detailed discussion. | |117-8 | |
| | | |its habitat. | | | | |
| |4 |Tail power of a fish. |Calculate the tail power of a fish. |Measure length of tail, length of a tilapia |A freshly killed tilapia.|KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |fish. | |118-9 | |
| | | | |Calculations. | | | |
| | | | |Discussion on significance of tail power in | | | |
| | | | |locomotion. | | | |
| |5 |Support and movement in mammals. | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |The skull and rib cage. | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | |Describe the structure of the skull and rib |Observe the human skull and rib cage of a rat / |Human skull, rib cage of |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |cage. |rabbit. |rat / rabbit. |119-120 | |
| | | | |Detailed discussion. | | | |
|9 |1-2 |The vertebral column. |Describe the features of the vertebral column. |Examine cervical and thoracic vertebrae. |Cervical and thoracic |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |Identify types of vertebrae. | |vertebrae. |121-2 | |
| | |Cervical and thoracic vertebrae. |Explain adaptations of cervical and thoracic | | | | |
| | | |vertebrae to their functions. | | | | |
| |3-4 |Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. |Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar |Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. |Thoracic and lumbar |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |vertebrae to their functions. |Draw labeled diagrams; |vertebrae. |122-3 | |
| | | | |Brief discussion. | | | |
|9 |5 |The sacral and caudal vertebrae. |Describe the features of the sacral and caudal |Examine sacral and caudal vertebrae. |Sacral and caudal |KLB BK IV. P 124 | |
| | | |vertebrae. |Draw labeled diagrams; |vertebrae. | | |
| | | |Explain adaptations of sacral and caudal |Brief discussion. | | | |
| | | |vertebrae to their functions. | | | | |
|10 |1-2 |The appendicular skeleton. |Describe the features of the appendicular |Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit |Appendicular skeleton of |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | |skeleton. |/sheep. |a rabbit /sheep. |124-5 | |
| | | | |Brief discussion.. | | | |
| |3,4 |Fore limb. |Identify bones of the fore limb. |Examine bones if the fore limb; |Bones of the fore limb. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | |Drawing labeled diagrams; | |126-7 | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| |5 |Hind limb. |Identify bones of the hind limb. |Examine bones if the hind limb; |Bones of the hind limb. |KLB BK IV. P 127 | |
| | | | |Drawing labeled diagrams; | | | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
|11-13 | |END OF TERM EXAMS - TRIAL EXAM | |
|SCHEME OF WORK BIOLOGY FORM FOUR TERM THREE YEAR 2020 |
|W |L/ |TOPIC/ |LESSON / SPECIFIC |TEACHING / LEARNING |MATERIALS |REF. |REMARKS |
|NO |NO |SUBTOPIC |OBJECTIVES |ACTIVITIES |/ | | |
| | | | | |RESOURCES | | |
|1 |1 |Movable joints. |Identify features of movable joints. |Examine the synovial joint. |Synovial joint model. |KLB BK IV. P 127 | |
| | | | |Brief discussion. | | | |
| |2 |Ball and socket joint. |Identify features of ball and socket joint. |Examine the synovial joint. |Synovial joint model. |KLB BK IV. P 128 | |
| | | | |Discuss observations. | | | |
| |3, |The hinge joint. |Identify features of hinge joint. |Examine a hinge joint. |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP | |
| | | | | | |128-9 | |
| |4 |Movement of a joint. |Describe movement of a joint. |Observe movement of the fore arm; | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | |Discussion. | | | |
| | | PRACTICAL TEST |
| |5 | |
|2 |1 |Skeletal muscles. |Describe features of skeletal muscles. |Examine diagrams of skeletal muscles; |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP 129-30| |
| | | | |Brief discussion. | | | |
| |2-3 |Smooth or visceral muscles. |Describe features of smooth muscles. |Examine diagrams of smooth muscles; |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP 129-30| |
| | | | |Brief discussion. | | | |
| |4-5 |Cardiac muscles. |Describe features of smooth muscles. |Examine diagrams of smooth muscles; |Illustrative diagrams. |KLB BK IV. PP 130-1 | |
| | | | |Brief discussion; | | | |
| | | | |Topic review. | | | |
| | |REVISION FOR K.C.S.E. EXAMINATION | | |
| | |K.C.S.E EXAMINATION | | |
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