CHAPTER 16



CHAPTER 16

The Knee and Related Structures

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The ligament that protects the knee from valgus stress and external rotational

E, K forces is the:

(363) A. anterior cruciate. C. medial collateral.

B. posterior cruciate. D. lateral collateral.

2. Which of the following muscles allows for internal rotation of the tibia?

D, K A. Biceps femoris C. Gastrocnemius

(365) B. Vastus medialis D. Popliteus

3. The Lachman’s Test is used to evaluate stability of the:

M, A A. medial collateral ligament. C. meniscus.

(368) B. anterior cruciate ligament. D. patellar femoral joint.

4. Running, cutting, and figure-8’s, are examples of _____________ tests.

E, A A. strength C. functional

(370) B. stress D. range of motion

5. The bursa that commonly becomes inflamed from overuse of the patellar tendon

M, K is the:

(377) A. prepatellar bursa.

B. superficial infrapatellar.

C. suprapatellar bursa.

D. deep infrapatellar bursa.

6. The mechanism of injury that leaves the posterior cruciate ligament at

M, K greatest risk for injury is:

(375) A. hyperextension of the knee.

B. falling with the knee bent and the foot dorsiflexed.

C. landing on the anterior aspect of the bent knee with the foot plantarflexed.

D. a valgus stress with the knee fully extended.

7. A painful condition involving partial or complete separation of a piece of

D, K articular cartilage or subchondral bone is:

(378) A. joint mice. C. Osgood-Schlatter disease.

B. osteochondritis dissecans.. D. Larsen-Johansson disease.

8. A condition common to runners and cyclists characterized by pain and irritation

M, K over the lateral femoral condyle is:

(378) A. pes anserinus tendinitis. C. iliotibial band syndrome.

B. jumper's knee. D. biceps femoris tendinitis.

9. The anterior cruciate ligament is most often injured:

D, K A. when the knee is in varus and the tibia is internally rotated.

(374) B. when the knee is in varus and the tibia is externally rotated.

C. when the knee is in valgus and the tibia is internally rotated.

D. when the knee is in valgus and the tibia is externally rotated.

10. Which of the following endpoints indicates a first-degree sprain?

M, K A. Firm with little or no instability and some pain present

(368) B. Soft with some instability present and moderate pain

C. Soft with marked instability with mild pain

D. Abrupt with no pain

11.Which of the following structures provide the main source of stability in the knee?

M, K A. Menisci C. Bones

(361) B. Ligaments D. Cartilage

12. An athlete who has immediate, significant swelling is displaying signs consistent

M, K with an injury to which of the following?

(374) A. Cartilage C. Meniscus

B. Capsule D. Cruciate ligament

13. Feelings of locking are associated with injury to which structure?

M, K A. Bone C. Ligament

(376) B. Cartilage D. Muscle

14. The anterior cruciate ligament prevents:

E, K A. varus stress.

(374) B. valgus stress.

B. posterior movement of the femur on the tibia in weight-bearing.

D. anterior movement of the femur on the tibia in weight-bearing.

15. Prevention of knee injuries is dependent upon proper conditioning. The proper

M, K ratio of strength is important. Ideally the hamstring muscles should be ______

(364) percent of the strength of the quadriceps muscles.

A. 40 - 55 C. 60 - 75

B. 50 - 60 D. 70 - 85

16. Most injuries to the medial collateral ligament result from blows to the ________

D, K aspect of the knee.

(371) A. medial C. anterior

B. lateral D. posterior

17. An injury to the lateral collateral ligament usually:

M, K A. results from external rotation of the tibia.

(373) B. is a relatively common injury.

C. is managed the same as an injury to the MCL.

D. results in major disability.

18. The medial meniscus is most commonly injured through:

M, K A. a varus force. C. a valgus force.

(375) B. hyperextension. D. a valgus force with rotation.

19. Patellar dislocations usually occur when:

M, K A. the knee is flexed and internally rotated.

(379) B. the foot is planted and the knee is in valgus.

C. the knee is extended and externally rotated.

D. the foot is planted and athlete cuts in same direction.

20. Chondromalacia may be caused by:

E, K A. strong quadriceps muscles.

(379) B. abnormal patellar tracking.

C. varus deformity at the knee.

D. supination of the foot.

21. When the patella dislocates, it occurs in a direction:

M, K A. lateral C. anterior

(379) B. medial D. posterior

22. Which of the following conditions is not considered a problem associated with

M, K the extensor mechanism?

(380) A. Osgood-Schlatter C. Osteochondritis

B. Jumper's knee D. Patellar tendinitis

23. After a first time patellar dislocation, the athlete is commonly immobilized for a

M, K minimum of __________ weeks.

(379) A. two C. four

B. three D. five

24. Which type of brace can be used for patellar tendinitis?

M, A A. Functional brace C. Neoprene Sleeve

(381) B. Prophylactic brace D. Tenodesis strap

25. The quadriceps muscles primary job is to:

E, K A. flex the knee. C. flex the hip.

(365) B. rotate the knee. D. extend the knee.

26. Which of the following structures have the responsibility of cushioning the knee

M, K during impact activity?

(362) A. Cruciate ligaments C. Femoral condyles

B. Menisci D. Collateral ligaments

27. Which of the following injuries would NOT cause a joint effusion?

E, K A. Meniscal tear

(380) B. Patellar tendinitis

C. Anterior cruciate ligament tear

D. Medial collateral ligament tear

TRUE/FALSE

28. Meniscal tears heal well without intervention due to their vascularity.

M, K

(376)

29. The medial aspect of the patella is wider than the lateral; this accounts for the

M, K vast number of partial dislocations of the kneecap.

(379)

30. In general, the posterior cruciate ligament stops excessive rotation, stabilizes

M, K the knee in full extension, and prevents hyperextension.

(363)

31. The medial meniscus is prone to disruption by valgus and torsional forces.

M, A

(376)

32. Both varus and valgus stress tests may be successfully performed if done only in

E, A the fully extended position.

(369)

33. During Apley’s compression test a medial meniscus tear can be detected with

D, K internal rotation of the tibia and a lateral meniscus tear can be detected with

(370) external rotation of the tibia.

34. Most patellar fractures are the result of indirect trauma in which a severe

M, K pull of the patellar tendon occurs against the femur when the knee is semi-flexed.

(378)

35. An acute patellar dislocation is often associated with the sudden twisting of the

M, K body while the foot or feet are planted.

(379)

36. One of the most important aspects of a good evaluation is understanding the

E, A mechanism of injury by taking a good history.

(366)

37. For a grade III medial collateral ligament sprain, the recommended treatment is

M, K surgical repair followed by vigorous rehabilitation.

(373)

38. Proper physical conditioning is a critical component of preventing knee injuries.

E, K

(363)

39. Changing from shoes with a few long cleats to shoes with a large number of

M, K shorter cleats has been cited as a cause of increased knee injuries.

(364)

40. Protective knee bracing has been noted to definitely protect and prevent knee

M, K injuries and thus is recommended.

(365)

41. Swelling in the back of the knee may be a sign of a Baker's cyst.

D, K

(377)

42. One of the characteristics of a first-degree medial collateral ligament sprain is

M, K moderately restricted motion.

(371)

43. A third degree medial collateral ligament sprain usually presents with some

M, K valgus instability at full extension and significant opening at 30 degrees of

(372) flexion.

44. Injury to the lateral collateral ligament most commonly occurs when

M, K the lower leg is internally rotated and the knee is suddenly forced outward.

(373)

45. The medial meniscus is much more commonly torn or injured than the lateral

E, K meniscus.

(375)

46. Jumper's knee is tendinitis of the hamstring tendon caused by repeated landing

M, K stress.

(380)

47. Abnormal tracking of the patella that results in chondromalacia usually occurs in

M, K the medial direction.

(379)

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