Decorators - Functions That Make Functions
Decorators
Functions That Make Functions
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Decorators
Functions
Functions are first-class citizens in Python:
>>> def identity(x):
...
return x
...
>>> type(identity)
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Decorators
Functions
Functions are first-class citizens in Python:
>>> def identity(x):
...
return x
...
>>> type(identity)
Functions can also be written anonymously as lambdas:
>>> identity = lambda x:x >>> identity(42) 42
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Decorators
Functions
Functions are first-class citizens in Python:
>>> def identity(x):
...
return x
...
>>> type(identity)
Functions can also be written anonymously as lambdas:
>>> identity = lambda x:x >>> identity(42) 42
In this case, the first style is preferred. It's a bit easier to read, not to mention it's actually named.
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Decorators
*args, **kwargs
Python allows you to define functions that take a variable number of positional (*args) or keyword (**kwargs) arguments. In principle, this really just works like tuple expansion/collection.
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Decorators
*args, **kwargs
Python allows you to define functions that take a variable number of positional (*args) or keyword (**kwargs) arguments. In principle, this really just works like tuple expansion/collection.
def crazyprinter(*args, **kwargs): for arg in args: print(arg) for k, v in kwargs.items(): print("{}={}".format(k, v))
crazyprinter("hello", "cheese", bar="foo") # hello # cheese # bar=foo
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Decorators
Decorators
@property as we just saw is what is called a decorator. Decorators are really just a pretty way to wrap functions using functions that return functions.
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Decorators
Decorators
@property as we just saw is what is called a decorator. Decorators are really just a pretty way to wrap functions using functions that return functions. Both the following are equivalent: @logging def foo(bar, baz):
return bar + baz - 42
# equivalent to... def foo(bar, baz):
return bar + baz - 42 foo = logging(foo)
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Decorators
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