Oklahomaworks.gov



Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Area BriefingJune 2018Overviewright16891000The Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area is composed of seven Oklahoma counties: Adair, Cherokee, McIntosh, Muskogee, Okmulgee, Sequoyah, and Wagoner. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, this combined region of Oklahoma covers 4,912 square miles, making it the third smallest of the state’s workforce areas in land mass. In 2018, the estimated population is 319,102 – approximately 8% of the state’s total population. Three cities in the area boast populations over 10,000, including Muskogee, Tahlequah, and Okmulgee.Note that for simplicity, the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area will generally be referenced throughout this report as the “Area.” Sources for all data are cited. The most common data source utilized is EMSI – Economic Modeling Solutions International – data release 2018.2. Data are rounded to the nearest whole number or the nearest tenth as appropriate. As a result, some data presented may not sum exactly to the total reported. Negative numbers are cited in red and bracketed by parentheses.Population Breakdown: County200025081915Figure 1: 2018 Estimated Population Percentage by CountySource: EMSI 2018.2Figure 1: 2018 Estimated Population Percentage by CountySource: EMSI 2018.2\sThe city of Muskogee, the county seat of Muskogee County, is the largest city in the Area with an estimated population of 39,223. Muskogee County is home to a total of 69,065 individuals, representing 21.6% of the population of the Area.Wagoner County, the smallest county geographically with only 591 square miles, is the most populous county in the Area with 79,157 residents, equivalent to 24.8% of the Area population.McIntosh County is the least populous county in the Area with an estimated total population in 2018 of 19,629 (6.2%).Over the past five years, from 2013 to 2018, the Area experienced a minor growth rate of only 0.55%, a net increase of 1,744 residents. This small overall growth was fueled by population increases in only two counties: Wagoner County which experienced the highest growth rate of 4.5% and Cherokee County which grew by 2.4%. These two counties accounted for an overall population increase of 4,592 Area residents.In contrast, during that same timeframe, five Area counties decreased in population: Muskogee County, (-1.6%) representing a loss of (-1,154) residents; Sequoyah County, (-0.4%, -148); Okmulgee County, (-1.2%, -465); Adair County, (-1.1%, -245) residents; and McIntosh County, (-4.1%, -836). These changes in county population may reflect a significant number of Area residents relocating inter-county. Though many factors may be involved in these population shifts, based upon the growth in Wagoner and Cherokee counties, it may be hypothesized that rural residents are migrating to larger metropolitan regions.Projections indicate these trends will continue through 2028, with Wagoner and Cherokee Counties experiencing growth of 4.8% and 2.0%, respectively, while the remaining counties are anticipated to continue to decrease in population with the greatest loss, (-1.3%) equivalent to (-866) residents, centered in Muskogee County.In addition to overall population representation, it is helpful to examine population density, measured in the number of persons living in a one-square-mile area. Much of the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area remains rural. Five of the seven counties exhibit relatively low population density rates, under 65 persons per square mile. Due to the population losses noted above, the density rates of these counties are in decline.McIntosh is most notable as the county possessing the lowest population density in the Area at 28 persons per square mile – five persons per square mile less than reported in 2016. An average of 82 individuals live within each square mile of Muskogee County, a decline of 6 points since 2016.Wagoner County, noted previously as the smallest geographical area of 591 square miles and the largest population of 79,157, experiences a population density rate of 134 persons per square mile. As a point of comparison, the two counties in the state of Oklahoma experiencing the highest population density, Oklahoma and Tulsa, each display county-wide population densities of over 1,100 individuals per square mile.Population Breakdown: Race and EthnicityFigure 2 illustrates the racial and ethnic diversity of residents living in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area. The racial categories designated by the U.S. Census Bureau are utilized. It should be noted that the Census Bureau categorizes “Hispanic,” not as a race, but as an ethnicity. As such, Hispanic is always reported in conjunction with another racial designator, i.e. “Black or African American, Hispanic.” Unless otherwise noted, individual races included in this briefing section were reported as Non-Hispanic.The population of the Area is more racially diverse than Oklahoma as a whole. Nearly 191,000 Area residents identify themselves as “White.” This equates to 59.8% of the total Area population and is 5.6 percentage points less than the statewide respresentation of the “White” race which is reported at 65.4%. 13335077366Figure 2: 2018 Estimated Population by Race and EthnicitySource: EMSI, 2018.200Figure 2: 2018 Estimated Population by Race and EthnicitySource: EMSI, 2018.2\sAt 0.049% (158 total Area residents) Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders comprise the smallest racial classification. By 2028, the population of this cohort is expected to increase by 19.0% to 188 residents.Individuals of native descent are categorized by the Census Burea as “American Indian or Alaska Native.” For simplicity, this racial category will be referrenced in this report as “Native American.” At 20.4% of the population, Native Americans are significantly over-represented in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area compared with the Oklahoma statewide representation of 8.3%. This racial disparity between the Area and the state would be expected based upon the location of the Area in Oklahoma’s historical Indian Territory. Additionally, three Native American tribes maintain tribal headquarters in the Area, including the Cherokee Nation in Tahlequah, Muscogee (Creek) Nation in Okmulgee, and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokees in Park Hill, Oklahoma. (Oklahoma Historial Society) Individuals self-identifying as “Black or African American, Non-Hispanic” are significantly under-represented in the Area at 4.7% compared to a statewide population of 7.5%. This disparity will be compounded in the future as the resprentation of this racial category is anticipated to decline by (-3.5%) in the Area while growing by 4.0% in the state as a whole.Individuals who self-identify as being of Hispanic ethnicity account for 5.7% of the Area population. As noted previously, Hispanic ethnicity is always reported in conjunction with a racial designator. This figure includes everyone of Hispanic ethnicity, regardless of race. Between 2013 and 2018, the Hispanic population in the Area increased by 15.2%. This is comparable to the statewide growth rate of 15.3%. Between 2018 and 2028, the rate of growth for the Hispanic population in the Area is expected to slow to 11.6%.Between 2013 and 2018, the growth rate for the Non-Hispanic population reflected a loss of (-0.2%), resulting in a decline in population in that category of an estimated (-646) individuals. Growth for this cohort will remain relatively stagnant through 2028, with a projected growth rate of only 0.3%. These data include individuals of any race who report Non-Hispanic ethnicity.Native American PopulationBased upon the significant over-representation of Native Americans in the Area, this group was selected for further analysis. Following the analysis summary, Figure 3, titled “2018 Percentage of Race by Age, Native Americans versus All Other Racial Categories” illustrates the Native American population by age as compared to populations who identify as any other race.As noted previously, Native Americans, Non-Hispanic, account for 20.4% of the population in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Area. When individuals classifying themselves as Native Americans, Hispanic, are included, the percentage increases to 21.6%. The aggregated counts of all other racial populations, represented in the chart by the category “All Other Races,” equates to 78.4% of the overall Area population. The lowest percentages of the Native American population are found in the 15-19 and 20-24 age ranges, at 8.9% and 8.4% respectively. The majority of the Native American population is 34 years of age or younger (55.8%) while the majority of those classified as “All Other Races” are over the age of 35 (57.4%). Nearly 25% of all Native Americans residing in the Area are under the age of 15 and 34% are under the age of 19; for all other races, only 18.5% are under the age of 15 and 24.6% are under the age of 19. At the opposite end of the spectrum, an examination of the group of individuals above traditional retirement age – 65 years and over – reveals that Other Races are represented at a rate nearly twice that of Native Americans. Over 19% of Area residents of Other Races are retirement age versus only 10.4% of Native Americans.These figures hold significant implication for the diversity of the racial makeup of the future workforce in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area. Those individuals classified as “All other Races” currently in the workforce will continue to age out and exit the workforce at a higher rate than Native Americans, to be replaced by a greater representation of entry-age Native Americans. Another impact of this shift in racial representation affects educators. This significant cohort of young Native Americans either preparing to enter or currently enrolled in the K-12 and/or Career Tech systems offers increased opportunities to engage with and mentor Native American youth, preparing them for the future needs of the workforce.Figure 3: 2018 Percentage of Race by Age; Native Americans versus All Other Racial CategoriesSource: EMSI 2018.2Equal OpportunityThe U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is tasked with enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against job applicants and employees who are included in several diverse categories. These protected groups include age, disability, national origin, race/color, religion, and sex, among others (). The following data serve to increase awareness of cohorts of Oklahoma citizens of workforce age possibly at risk for discrimination. For the purposes of this report, data and analyses are presented for six categories specifically associated with Equal Opportunity enforcement: Disability, Age and Gender, Race and Ethnicity, English Language Learners, Religious Affiliation, and Unemployment of Adults Age 40 to 64 years. Age ranges for each category are aligned as closely as possible contingent upon data availability. Sources are noted for each category. Full data regarding Equal Opportunity in the Area are available in Appendix A.Disability (18 to 64 years of age; Under 18 years of age).Source: American Community Survey, 2016, 5-year EstimatesThe U.S. Census Bureau collects disability data through the American Community Survey and reports it aggregated by disability type, termed “difficulties.” The six categories utilized in this report include hearing, vision, cognitive, ambulatory, self-care, and independent living difficulties. Data are self-reported by survey respondents based upon their perception of the existence of a disability/difficulty.Current Workforce, 18 to 64 years of age.In 2016, the population of the Area for individuals between 18 and 64 years of age was approximately 185,544. Of these, 31,891 reported possessing one or more disabilities, resulting in an overall disability rate for the Area in this age bracket of 17.2%. This is significantly higher than the state rate of 13.9%.A comparison of Workforce Development Areas reveals that the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area reports the second-highest disability rate for this cohort. Only the Southern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area ranks higher at 18.5%.For those individuals reporting a disability, most indicated their difficulty was of an ambulatory nature (56%). Self-care disabilities ranked lowest with only 16.1%.Males were more likely to report a difficulty than females, exhibiting overall rates of 17.9% and 16.5% respectively. With regard to race, the highest rate was found among Native Americans at 17.9%, followed closely by Whites at 17.4% and Black or African Americans at 17.1%. Asians reported the lowest disability rate at 3.7%. This trend is reflected at virtually all geographical levels – state, Workforce Area, and most Oklahoma counties. Further research would be required to determine if this trend presents an accurate representation of the disability rates for individuals of Asian descent or if other factors such as privacy concerns, a reluctance to report the existence of disabilities, or cultural beliefs may be skewing the data. Future Workforce, Under 18 years of age.Disability rates for youth under the age of 18 are significantly lower at 5.3%. Multiple factors may contribute to this differential. Many disabilities manifest as the individual grows older. Conversely, impediments are often difficult or impossible to diagnose in very young children. Additionally, some of the disabilities reported to the U.S. Census Bureau are inappropriate for certain age ranges, delaying the reporting of those disabilities.For this age group, Cognitive disability types presented most frequently, representing 68.4% of respondents reporting a difficulty. Ambulatory difficulties ranked lowest at 14.3%. As may be expected, Independent Living difficulties were not applicable to this subgroup of Area residents.As with the older cohort, males were more likely to report a disability than females, 6.2% compared with 4.4%. Individuals of Black or African American race reported the highest rates at 6.6%. While Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islanders reported a 0.0% disability rate, it must be remembered this racial category represents a very small number of residents. Asians reported a 0.8% disability rate.Age and Gender (15 to 64 years of age).Source: EMSI, 2017.4EMSI reports population data base upon 5-year age brackets. In order to best represent the current workforce, ten age brackets were selected ranging from 15 to 19 years of age through 60 to 64 years of age. The Area workforce is contracting with fewer workers projected in this age range within the next 10 years. The total estimated 2017 Area population for this age bracket was 200,425. By 2027, that number is anticipated to decline to 192,778, an overall loss of (-3.8%). While the overall number of workers in the Area is anticipated to decline, a significant increase will occur in the prime working age categories of 35 to 39- and 40 to 44-years of age. These two age groups are projected to experience growth rates of 9.7% and 8.0% respectively by 2027. Figure 4: Percentage of Growth/Loss of Workforce Population by Age Range, 2017 to 2027Source: EMSI, 2017.4In 2017, gender representation in skewed slightly higher toward females in the 15 to 64-year bracket – 50.3% versus 49.7% male. While the overall population is anticipated to decrease by 2027, that decline disproportionately affects females. The gap between the genders will narrow by 0.1 percentage points, 49.8% male compared with 50.2% female.Race and Ethnicity (15 to 64 years of age).Source: EMSI, 2017.4As indicated previously, the racial and ethnic categories utilized in this report are designated by the U.S. Census Bureau.Individuals self-identifying as White (regardless of ethnicity) constituted the largest racial group in the Area at 62.3%. American Indian or Alaskan Native (regardless of ethnicity) represent the second-largest group at 22.9%. When disaggregated by ethnicity, the category of White, Non-Hispanics maintains the majority of residents, albeit at a lower rate of 57.9%.Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander are the least populous, accounting for only 0.1% or 171 residents. Likewise, Asians constitute a very small percentage of the Area population at 1.2%, 1,929 residents. Increases in both of these populations are predicted by 2027 at 13.1% and 16.1% respectively; however, due to the small population sizes, these growth rates only result in a total of 286 new citizens.Black or African Americans represent only 5.2% of the population in this age bracket. This is well below the state-level representation for this racial group at 8.2%. While this cohort is predicted to increase 0.2% at the state level by 2027, population in the Area of Black or African American residents will decline by (-10.6%), a loss of approximately (-1,100) individuals.With regard to ethnicity only, Hispanics constitute 6.4% of the total population in the Area; however, the growth rate for this group is predicted to be 15.1% by 2027. This equates to 1,600 new Hispanic citizens. In comparison, the population of Non-Hispanics is anticipated to decline by (-3.8%), a projected loss of (-7,600) residents.English Language Learners (18 to 64 years of age).Source: American Community Survey, 2016, 5-year EstimatesThe U.S. Census Bureau collects data regarding English usage and perceived fluency via the American Community Survey. Survey recipients are first requested to identify the primary language spoken in their home. Language choices are limited to:Spanish;Other Indo-European Language, (French, Italian, German, Russian, Hindi, Other Indic languages, etc.);Asian and Pacific Island Language, (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hmong, Vietnamese, Other languages of Asia, etc.); and,Other Language (Native languages of North America, Arabic, Hebrew, some languages of Africa, Hungarian, etc.).Respondents who indicate speaking a language other than English are then asked to estimate their level of fluency in English (“How well does this person speak English?”). Four responses are available to this question: “Very Well,” “Well,” “Not Well,” or “Not at All.”Nearly 94% of residents in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area speak only English in their homes; 6.1% speak a language other than English. Of that 6.1%:3.3% speak Spanish;0.5% speak Other European Languages;0.6% speak Asian and Pacific Island Language; and,1.6% speak Other Languages.Spanish-language speakers report the lowest level of perceived English fluency with 25.2% reporting they speak English either “Not Well” or “Not at All.” Approximately 16% of Asian and Pacific Island Language speakers report this same level of English proficiency.Only 2.4% of individuals who speak “Other Languages” report low English proficiency. While the category of “Other Languages” includes a broad variety of tongues, based upon the racial distribution and the historical origins of the Area, it may be presumed these individuals predominantly represent Native American language speakers.Religious Affiliation.Source: Multiple cited within the analysisWhile religion is a key component of concern for discrimination regarding equal opportunity, data pertaining to religious beliefs and affiliations is limited. Privately-conducted surveys are the predominant source of information available including the Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Study (), a 2009 Religious Affiliation study conducted by InfoGroup and reported via Social Explorer at the University of Wisconsin Extension (), and a 2010 Gallup Poll that quantifies perceived feelings of religious discrimination. Additional information is referenced from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC). Despite the limitations of these sources, the statistics included in this report can assist in building a framework for the context of Oklahomans’ religious beliefs and help to identify the potential for increased risk factors of religious discrimination.Most residents of the Area identify with the Evangelical Protestant church. Over 430 congregations exist with nearly 73,000 members – 65.4% of all survey respondents. Another 13.5% identify themselves as Mainline Protestant while 4.1% are Roman Catholic. While there are 5 Latter-Day Saint (Mormon) congregations identified in the Area, the membership of those congregations constitutes only 0.6%.At the time of the referenced studies, there was minimal representation in the state of Non-Christian faiths. As of 2009, there were no reported Islamic, Hindu, or Buddhist congregations in the Area. Since that time, additional religious institutions for these faiths have been established in Oklahoma, but none were reported to be located in the Area.While data does not appear to be available at state, Area, or county levels, national data emphasize the importance of local awareness of this topic. According to the EEOC, religion-based discrimination charges filed with the agency rose steadily from 1997 to 2016. In 1997, the EEOC received 1,709 filings based upon perceived discrimination due to religion; 20 years later, in 2016, the EEOC received 3,825 filings, an increase of more than 123%. Additionally, the mixture of findings has altered with significant monetary impact. In 1997, 12.1% of charges received merited resolutions with a monetary benefit total of $2.2 million dollars ($3.3M in 2016 dollars). After reaching a peak at 24.1% merit resolutions with monetary benefits of $6.4M 2007 ($7.5M 2016), merit resolutions dropped in 2016 to 14.9%. Despite this 2016 drop in the percentage of claims upheld, awards rose as monetary benefits reached $10.1 million dollars. Clearly, while merit was found in a lesser number of religion-based EEOC claims in 2016, the average damage award/settlement per merited finding increased. ().Unemployment of Older Adults (40 to 64 years of age).Source: U. S. Census Bureau 2016 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMs)With regard to unemployment figures, data concerning individuals in the protected age category of 40 and over is difficult to extract. Most sources provide data broken into age ranges inconsistent with these protected class parameters. The data provided in this report was mined via the Data Ferret application from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2016 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMs). Unfortunately, the data from this Sample is only available at the national, United States regional, state, and PUMs levels. As the Bureau’s designated State Data Center, the Oklahoma Department of Commerce designates the extent of each PUMs Area (PUMA). The latest delineation of PUMAs took place in 2010. Currently, 28 PUMAs are defined for the state of Oklahoma including six for the Oklahoma City area and four for the Tulsa area. Due to population requirements for the designation of a PUMs Area, each PUMA may include several counties or only a single part of a county, but are not defined or limited by county geographical boundaries. As a result, parts of a single county may be allocated to multiple different PUMAs. This methodology eliminates the ability to either 1) aggregate data into a WFDA, or 2) disaggregate data applicable to individual counties. Within these data limitations, the observations presented in this section are made based upon PUMs Areas that contain counties or parts of counties included in the Area.At 80.8%, the highest labor force participation rates (LFPR) for this age bracket in the state are found in the Claremore City PUMA, which includes the western part of Wagoner County. For comparison purposes, two PUMs in Oklahoma City report slightly lower incidence of LFP at 80.7% and 80.6% and the four Tulsa PUMAs report LFP rates ranging between 72.6% and 79.3%.Conversely, the PUMA aggregated from Adair, Cherokee, and Sequoyah counties exhibits the lowest LFP rate in the state at 58.8%. Over 13,400 individuals in this age group reported not participating in the labor force.Unemployment rates for this cohort for PUMAs containing Area counties were reported as:6.9% in Cherokee, Sequoyah, and Adair Counties PUMA;2.4% in Claremore City PUMA including Rogers (Central) and Wagoner (West) Counties; and,7.3% in Muskogee, Okmulgee, Wagoner (East), and McIntosh Counties PUMA.Regarding racial distribution, the highest unemployment rates were reported as:Table 1: Highest Unemployment Rates by PUMA and RacePUMARaceUnemployment RateCherokee, Sequoyah, and Adair CountiesTwo or more races25.8%Claremore City PUMA (Rogers Central and Wagoner West)American Indian or Alaskan Native5.8%Muskogee, Okmulgee, Wagoner (East), and McIntosh Counties PUMAAmerican Indian or Alaskan Native22.9%Within this age bracket, individuals with disabilities generally report significantly higher unemployment rates than those without disabilities. The PUMA composed of Cherokee, Sequoyah and Adair Counties is the exception, reporting a 0.0% unemployment rate for individuals with disabilities. This anomaly may be a function of the low labor force participation rate of 13.9% for individuals with disabilities. Everyone with a disability wishing to work was, at the time of the survey, working; however, the low LFP rate indicates that few residents in the PUMA reporting disabilities want to work.Table 2: Highest Unemployment Rates by PUMA and Disability StatusPUMADisabilityNo DisabilityCherokee, Sequoyah, and Adair Counties0.0%7.5%Claremore City PUMA (Rogers Central and Wagoner West)19.8%0.9%Muskogee, Okmulgee, Wagoner (East), and McIntosh Counties PUMA18.2%5.6%Unemployment rates for males consistently exceed those for females.Unemployment rates for Hispanics are reported at 0.0% for all three Area PUMAs. Like disability, these data are most likely a function of low population percentage and low labor force participation rates.Educational AttainmentData regarding educational attainment are gathered by the U.S. Census Bureau utilizing a variety of surveys. Census Bureau staff aggregate the data into seven educational attainment categories ranging from the completion of “Less than 9th Grade” up to the attainment of a “Graduate Degree or Higher.” Unfortunately, the scale currently in use fails to quantify those individuals who have achieved an educational award above the level of a high school diploma but below the attainment of an Associates Degree. This missing category is generally characterized by the completion of a career-specific vocationally associated certificate or an industry-recognized credential. The educational attainment levels, categorized utilizing the Census Bureau classifications, are discussed below and followed by two charts, “Educational Attainment by Education Level” and “Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity.” Data are provided for individuals aged 25 and over.Educational attainment in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area is heavily centered in the areas of “High school diploma” and “Some College.” Nearly 36% of residents have earned a diploma while an additional 23% have attended some college without completing a degree. Over one half of the Area residents have completed a high school diploma or less (51.3%). Over 15% of those individuals lack a high school diploma.Eighty-four percent of Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area residents have attained a high school diploma or higher. This level of educational attainment is lower than the state and national averages at 86% each. Likewise, with regard to postsecondary degrees – Associates Degrees and higher – the Area attainment level of 25.5% is lower than both the state (30.9%) and the national (37.4%) levels. Approximately 23.3% of Area residents have completed “Some College.” This percentage is higher than the national average of 20.7%, but slightly below that of the state at 23.5%. Residents possessing a Bachelor’s Degree constitute 12.4% of the population, about 24% fewer than the state level and 33% fewer than the national level. Approximately 5.5% of residents hold a Graduate Degree or Higher. This attainment level is less than ? of the national level of 11.1% and 30% below the state level of 8.0%.Race and ethnicity figure prominently in educational achievement. With regard to race, regardless of ethnicity, 26.2% of Area residents self-identifying as “White” report attaining a college degree; for individuals who report being “Black or African American” or Native American the percentages drop to 23.6% and 22.0% respectively. The highest college degree completion rates are those of individuals who self-identify as Asian (37.3%) and Two or More Races (27.2%).The most significant educational attainment gap is revealed by an examination of data associated with ethnicity at the lower educational levels. Nearly 41% of Area Hispanics possess an educational level less than a high school diploma as compared with 14.7% for individuals of Non-Hispanic ethnicity. Only 41.0% of Hispanics have attained a high school diploma versus 59.5% of Non-Hispanics. With regards to a college degree, Hispanics continue to trail Non-Hispanics, 18.4% versus 25.8%, respectively.Figure 5: Educational Attainment by Educational Level; Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area compared with Oklahoma and the United StatesSource: EMSI 2018.2 Figure 6: Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity; Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area Source: EMSI 2018.2Educational AssetsColleges, Universities, Career Technology Centers, and K-12 schools are instrumental in developing the workforce of the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area. The Area is home to several institutions which help supply local businesses and organizations with a workforce that has the necessary labor and skills to be competitive in today’s economy.CareerTechs.There are two CareerTechs with five locations in the Area:Green Country Technology Center (Okmulgee)Indian Capital Technology Center (Muskogee, Sallisaw, Stilwell, and Tahlequah)Source: Colleges and Universities.There are five colleges and universities in the Area:Bacone College (Muskogee)Carl Albert State College (Sallisaw)Connors State College (Muskogee and Warner)Northeastern State University (Tahlequah and Muskogee)Oklahoma State University Institute of Technology (Okmulgee)Source: Oklahoma State Regents of Higher EducationK-12 School Districts.There are 63 K-12 school districts in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area:Adair County:Peavine (Stilwell)Maryetta (Stilwell)Rocky Mountain (Stilwell)Zion (Stilwell)Dahlonegah (Stilwell)Greasy (Bunch)Watts (Watts)Westville (Westville)Stilwell (Stillwell)Cave Springs (Bunch)Cherokee County:Lowrey (Tahlequah)Norwood (Hulbert)Woodall (Tahlequah)Shady Grove (Hulbert)Peggs (Peggs)Grand View (Tahlequah)Briggs (Tahlequah)Tenkiller (Welling)Keys (Park Hill)Hulbert (Hulbert)Tahlequah (Tahlequah)Cherokee Immersion Charter School (Tahlequah)McIntosh County:Ryal (Henryetta)Stidham (Eufaula)Eufaula (Eufaula)Checotah (Checotah)Midway (Council Hill)Hanna (Hanna)Muskogee County:Wainwright (Wainwright)Haskell (Haskell)Fort Gibson (Fort Gibson)Webbers Falls (Webbers Falls)Oktaha (Oktaha)Muskogee (Muskogee)Hilldale (Muskogee)Braggs (Braggs)Warner (Warner)Porum (Porum)Okmulgee County:Twin Hills (Okmulgee)Okmulgee (Okmulgee)Henryetta (Henryetta)Morris (Morris)Beggs (Beggs)Preston (Preston)Schulter (Schulter)Wilson (Henryetta)Dewar (Dewar)Sequoyah County:Liberty (Muldrow)Marble City (Marble City)Brushy (Sallisaw)Belfonte (Muldrow)Moffett (Moffett)Sallisaw (Sallisaw)Vian (Vian)Muldrow (Muldrow)Gans (Gans)Roland (Roland)Gore (Gore)Central (Sallisaw)Wagoner County:Okay (Okay)Coweta (Coweta)Wagoner (Wagoner)Porter Consolidated (Porter) Source: Oklahoma State Department of EducationSkills GapBuilding upon the educational attainment data presented previously, a skills gap analysis was completed. To achieve this analysis, the current level of educational achievement of Area residents was directly compared to the typical entry level of education required by newly created jobs projected to develop between 2018 and 2028. The chart “Skills Gap for New Jobs by 2028” follows the analysis and illustrates the educational gap identified.The Area is expected to experience an 18 percentage point skill gap by 2028. Overall, to meet the projected developing needs of employers for newly created jobs, 66.8% of the workforce must possess an education above a high school diploma through postsecondary education including credentials, certificates or degrees. Current attainment at those levels is estimated at 48.8% -- 18 percentage points below anticipated requirements. Based upon the projected 2028 estimated population of 218,324, an estimated 39,298 additional Area residents must obtain some level of education above a high school diploma. This estimate is compounded when factoring in the anticipated need for individuals with even higher educational levels discussed below.The differential between current attainment and employer need at the Bachelor’s level is 0.1%. At the Graduate Degree or Higher level (Master’s, Doctoral, or Professional Degrees), need is estimated at 3.7% versus a current attainment rate of 5.5%. While, on the surface, the need for educational attainment at these advanced levels appears minimal, this basic analysis may be misleading. Three important factors substantially impact the estimated need for these degree levels:Variability of the data. The data utilized for this analysis are based upon projected need which is rooted in historical data. They are, by their very nature, estimates which can change as economic conditions and workforce demands evolve. As time progresses, it is probable that the need for higher degrees will increase.Degree misalignment. The projected shortfall of less than one percentage point at the Bachelor’s degree level will be significantly compounded by a misalignment of degree specialty. The existence of a sufficient number of individuals possessing a Bachelor’s Degree fails to meet the needs of employers if those degrees do not provide the appropriate training necessary to fulfill job requirements. As an example, 10 individuals with degrees in management cannot meet the needs of employers requiring 10 engineers.Surplus of graduate degrees. It must be considered that the 1.8 percentage point “surplus” of individuals who already possess a Graduate Degree or higher may place downward pressure on the need for Bachelor’s Degrees as more highly trained job seekers accept positions below their educational attainment. This may somewhat lessen the impact of the projected deficit and degree misalignment at the Bachelor’s degree level; however, it is also probable that these individuals may be drawn outside the Area or the state for employment better suited to their educational achievement rather than choosing to fill positions with lower educational requirements. Given all of these factors, overall, there is a significant unmet need for highly skilled, highly educated residents in the Area. Of particular consideration to meet these needs must be increased mentoring and engagement with students at all levels to enhance educational outcomes as well as improved communication to ensure those students 1) make informed decisions regarding their long-term educational plans and 2) align themselves with future workforce needs.-6350203200Figure 7: Skills Gap for Newly Created Jobs by 2028, Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development AreaSource: EMSI, 2018.2Figure 7: Skills Gap for Newly Created Jobs by 2028, Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development AreaSource: EMSI, 2018.2\sCritical Occupations ListThe Oklahoma Office of Workforce Development (OOWD) continually monitors in-demand and critical occupations across the state. The annual state-wide Top 100 Critical Occupations List is longitudinal and focuses on job growth, acknowledging the need for extended time frames to achieve higher levels of education necessary to prepare potential job applicants for future employment. These jobs emphasize the state’s desire to 1) meet labor demands so that businesses and entrepreneurs involved in all industries can grow and prosper, and 2) Oklahoma citizens can maintain wealth generating employment. Occupations must meet several criteria to be included on the list. The methodology includes:Vital to one of Oklahoma’s five key or four complementary/regional ecosystems (discussed later in this report);Projected growth across a 10-year timeline. Eliminates all occupations with projected negative growth (overall job loss); Wealth generation. Eliminates occupations with median hourly earnings of less than $12 per hour; and,Educational attainment levels: Eliminates all occupations requiring “no formal education” unless the occupation reports competitive median hourly earnings greater than $20 per hour.To ensure representation of occupations from all educational levels, the list of remaining occupations is stratified by the typical entry-level educational requirement and the top ranked occupations are selected from each educational group.Due to the reduced number of jobs and population in each Workforce Development Area, Area Critical Occupation lists are limited to the top 50, though the methodology remains unchanged. Table 3 contains the most recent Top 50 Area Critical Occupations for Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area as of March, 2018. The list is ordered by median hourly earnings, greatest to least.Table 3: Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area Critical Occupation List, Revised March 2018SOCDescription2017 Jobs2027 JobsChange(2017-2027)Median Hourly EarningsTypical Entry Level EducationWork Experience RequiredTypical On-The-Job TrainingAnnual OpeningsJanuary 2018 Unique Job PostingsFor Educational Levels of High School Diploma or Less, there is a Certificate available29-1069Physicians and Surgeons, All Other20622115$109.97Doctoral or professional degreeNoneInternship/residency825011-9041Architectural and Engineering Managers59667$56.97Bachelor's degree5 years or moreNone51611-3021Computer and Information Systems Managers8910314$44.67Bachelor's degree5 years or moreNone82011-3051Industrial Production Managers1121208$43.33Bachelor's degree5 years or moreNone9711-3031Financial Managers25027727$41.97Bachelor's degree5 years or moreNone222729-1171Nurse Practitioners577215$40.99Master's degreeNoneNone55517-2051Civil Engineers9110918$38.19Bachelor's degreeNoneNone9911-9111Medical and Health Services Managers32033717$37.08Bachelor's degreeLess than 5 yearsNone285117-2141Mechanical Engineers9810911$35.96Bachelor's degreeNoneNone81115-1121Computer Systems Analysts15618731$35.72Bachelor's degreeNoneNone142113-1111Management Analysts13815820$33.00Bachelor's degreeLess than 5 yearsNone151411-9021Construction Managers10212220$32.73Bachelor's degreeNoneModerate-term on-the-job training10711-1021General and Operations Managers1,0481,187139$32.00Bachelor's degree5 years or moreNone1044015-1132Software Developers, Applications617817$29.90Bachelor's degreeNoneNone63215-1142Network and Computer Systems Administrators869610$29.75Bachelor's degreeNoneNone73317-1011Architects, Except Landscape and Naval182810$29.61Bachelor's degreeNoneInternship/residency3029-2032Diagnostic Medical Sonographers32397$28.44Associate's degreeNoneNone3229-1141Registered Nurses1,5451,696151$27.41Associate's degreeNoneNone10231413-2011Accountants and Auditors49657074$27.33Bachelor's degreeNoneNone542329-2011Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists78868$26.11Bachelor's degreeNoneNone62525-1099Postsecondary Teachers71777154$26.08Doctoral or professional degreeNoneNone625313-1051Cost Estimators789517$25.65Bachelor's degreeNoneModerate-term on-the-job training10049-1011First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers31035242$25.62High school diploma or equivalentLess than 5 yearsNone3220Certificate Available47-2152Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters20924839$25.57High school diploma or equivalentNoneApprenticeship28847-1011First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers29836668$25.20High school diploma or equivalent5 years or moreNone39913-1023Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products17918910$24.76Bachelor's degreeNoneModerate-term on-the-job training171113-2072Loan Officers21223018$23.89Bachelor's degreeNoneModerate-term on-the-job training20349-9041Industrial Machinery Mechanics18824153$23.72High school diploma or equivalentNoneLong-term on-the-job training24247-2111Electricians414545131$23.66High school diploma or equivalentNoneApprenticeship664117-3022Civil Engineering Technicians21276$23.31Associate's degreeNoneNone3019-3031Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists597112$22.93Doctoral or professional degreeNoneInternship/residency5617-3011Architectural and Civil Drafters23296$22.84Associate's degreeNoneNone3129-2034Radiologic Technologists12914112$22.70Associate's degreeNoneNone8929-1126Respiratory Therapists49556$22.60Associate's degreeNoneNone31315-1152Computer Network Support Specialists12013111$20.35Associate's degreeNoneNone10113-1151Training and Development Specialists778811$19.67Bachelor's degreeLess than 5 yearsNone92025-4021Librarians12313916$19.31Master's degreeNoneNone14315-1151Computer User Support Specialists30734033$19.07Some college, no degreeNoneNone273533-3051Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers772999227$18.48High school diploma or equivalentNoneModerate-term on-the-job training80251-4121Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers44351370$18.43High school diploma or equivalentNoneModerate-term on-the-job training58353-3032Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers85694488$18.41Postsecondary nondegree awardNoneShort-term on-the-job training1077,70549-3031Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists12816941$18.19High school diploma or equivalentNoneLong-term on-the-job training171033-2011Firefighters261370109$17.29Postsecondary nondegree awardNoneLong-term on-the-job training32147-2073Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators31936849$17.07High school diploma or equivalentNoneModerate-term on-the-job training42229-2012Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians758510$15.97Associate's degreeNoneNone6751-8031Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators26431147$15.71High school diploma or equivalentNoneLong-term on-the-job training29047-2031Carpenters24428945$15.48High school diploma or equivalentNoneApprenticeship29229-2041Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics26831951$14.49Postsecondary nondegree awardNoneNone22629-2056Veterinary Technologists and Technicians46548$13.07Associate's degreeNoneNone5153-3033Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers33437945$12.33High school diploma or equivalentNoneShort-term on-the-job training42183Certificate AvailableCommuter DataThe U.S. Census Bureau Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) program uses data from a variety of sources including the unemployment insurance program, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and administrative data from censuses and surveys to create models estimating worker commutes for employment. Figure 8, “Commuter Patterns, Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area,” and Figure 9, “Inflow/Outflow Commuter Map” following the analysis summary, illustrate the commuter trends for residents of each Area county and for the Area as a whole. Data are quoted for 2015, the latest available from this source.According to the U.S. Census Bureau models:Commuter outflow for the Area exceeds inflow by over 150%. While 24,250 individuals enter the Area for employment, over 62,600 exit. In terms of commuter inflow, all of the surrounding counties supply workers to the Area. Most of these workers reside west-northwest of the Area, with particular concentrations in Tulsa, Creek, and Rogers Counties. To a small degree, workers are also drawn across the eastern border of the Area from Benton, Washington, Crawford, and Sebastian Counties in Arkansas.Approximately 54% of workers leaving the Area are between the ages of 30 and 54. Those individuals predominantly work in the “All Other Services” industry classification (55%) and earn more than $3,333 per month (41%).Like outbound commuters, commuters entering the Area for employment are between 30 and 54 years of age (52%) and work in the “All Other Services” industry (57%). Unlike outbound commuters, inbound commuters report lower earnings, typically between $1,251 and $3,333 per month (42%).Only 45.0% of Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area residents remain in the Area for employment; 55.0% commute outside the Area. Most of those individuals who commute outside the Area travel to the Tulsa metropolitan area for employment. Individuals in Adair and Sequoyah Counties cross the state line into Arkansas to work in Siloam Springs, or Fort Smith, respectively.Muskogee County is the only county in the Area that retains at least half of its residents for employment; 55.5% live and work in that county. This finding would be expected for a number of reasons. Muskogee County boasts the second largest overall population of any county in the Area and includes the largest metropolitan area. Job densities, as well as the number of payrolled business locations, are higher than in any other county in the Area. In 2016, Muskogee County employers reported the existence of 31,370 jobs at 1,550 payrolled business locations, approximately twice as many jobs/locations as second-ranked Cherokee County with 16,866 reported jobs at 773 locations. Wagoner County experiences the highest percentage of workers leaving the Area for employment at 81.3%, significantly more than the second highest rated Okmulgee County at 57.8% loss. Residents from both of these counties generally travel to Tulsa for muting can no longer be strictly defined as physical relocation for employment. Data indicate that Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area residents who commute outside the Area to work do so not only in adjacent counties and states but across the nation. These data emphasize the growing trend of telework.Figure 8: Commuter Patterns, Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development AreaSource: U.S. Census Bureau Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics (LEHD); On-The-MapFigure 9: Inflow/Outflow Commuter Map, Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development AreaSource: U.S. Census Bureau Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics (LEHD); On-The-MapUnemployment RateThe term “unemployment” refers to individuals who are counted as participating in the labor force, but are not employed. This eliminates consideration of individuals who do not participate in the labor force such as individuals who are unable to work due to a disability, retirees, and individuals who may consciously choose not to work such as students. As a result, the unemployment rate cited focuses on individuals seeking, but not attaining, employment.For this analysis, the average unemployment rates for individuals living in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area were compared to the average unemployment rates for the state of Oklahoma as a whole, and the nation, over a span of 5 years from January 2013 to January 2018. Note that county unemployment data are only available as non-seasonally adjusted. For this reason, in order to provide a direct comparison, state and national data are also cited as non-seasonally adjusted.Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics (BLS LAUS)Figure 10: Unemployment in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area Versus State and NationSource: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics (BLS LAUS)Figure 10: Unemployment in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area Versus State and Nation\sBetween January 2013 and January 2018, the unemployment rate in the Area consistently trended above the statewide average. In comparison to the national rate, the Area generally trended lower until July 2015 when it overtook the national level. Since that time, the Area rate has remained higher, with a differential of up to 1.1 percentage points.During the five-year span examined, the unemployment rate for the Area peaked at 7.7% in January 2013 and reached its lowest level of 4.9% most recently in April and November 2017. The average unemployment rate for this time frame was 5.9%.Following an initial upswing in unemployment rates to 5.4% in January 2018, preliminary figures for February through April 2018 indicate the unemployment rate is trending downward, reaching a low of 4.5% in April.Total Employment by CountyIn contrast to the unemployment rates discussed previously, this report section focuses on the number and percentage of individuals in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area who were employed. Employment data are cited for April 2018. 0113030Figure 11: Total Employment in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area by County, April 2018Figure 11: Total Employment in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area by County, April 20180438785Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics00Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics\sIn April 2018, 133,497 Area residents were in the workforce with 127,445 employed. This results in an employment rate of 95.5%, a percentage substantially higher than the 94.2% employment rate reported in the previous Area briefing for January 2017.As well as possessing the greatest population, largest labor force, and most individuals employed in the Area, Wagoner County exhibits the highest employment rate at 96.3%. McIntosh experiences both the smallest labor force (6,860) and the lowest employment rate in the Area at 93.3%. As noted previously in this report, compared with other counties located in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area, McIntosh County possesses the lowest total population (19,629) and lowest population density (28 persons per square mile). Despite these figures, the employment rate has increased since the 91.2% reported in January 2017.In comparison with the employment figures reported in the 2017 Area briefing, every county has increased the employment rate with the greatest increase in McIntosh County.Labor Force ParticipationAs indicated in the Unemployment Rate section of this report, not all citizens in the Area desire to work. The Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) measures the percentage of individuals who are employed or actively seeking work as compared with the overall population, age 16 and over. Figure 12 includes labor force participation rates for Area counties as well as for the State of Oklahoma. While Wagoner County matches the state LFPR at 58.6%, the remainder of the Area counties fall below the state. McIntosh County experiences the lowest labor force participation rate at 41.8%Figure 12: Labor Force Participation Rates for Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area, by CountyNorth American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Employment Sector CodesSeveral of the analyses that follow are based upon data examined using NAICS employment sector codes. The following information is provided to enhance understanding of the framework of these analyses.NAICS is the standard utilized by federal agencies to classify businesses to collect, analyze, and publish statistical data related to the United States business economy. NAICS uses a 6-digit coding system which is structured hierarchically, beginning with 20 broad economic sectors. Over 1,000 industries are then sub-categorized within these 20 sectors. Each industry within a sector shares distinguishing economic activities. The most recent version of the classification system was implemented in 2017. Additional information is available at eos/www/naics. A list of the 20 NAICS sectors and the types of industries included can be found in Appendix B at the end of this document.Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) CodesAdditional analyses that follow are based upon data examined utilizing SOC occupational codes. The following information is provided to enhance understanding of the framework of these analyses.The SOC system is used by Federal statistical agencies to classify workers into occupational categories for the purpose of collecting, calculating, or disseminating data. All workers are classified into one of 840 detailed occupations according to their occupational definition. To facilitate classification, detailed occupations are combined to form 461 broad occupations, 97 minor groups, and 23 major groups. Detailed occupations in the SOC with similar job duties, and in some cases, skills, education, and/or training, are grouped together. Recently, the 2018 system for SOC was implemented, replacing the 2010 version. Additional information is available at soc/. A list of the 23 major groups comprising the 2018 SOC system, as well as examples of the 97 included minor groups can be found in Appendix C at the end of this Employment SectorsThe following list outlines the top 10 sectors in the Area in number of jobs available. Government is the top sector, employing approximately 29,700 residents, followed by Retail Trade which employs 10,829. The tenth-ranked sector in the Area is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting, (formerly Crops and Animal Production), which employs 1,801 individuals, only 6.1% as many as employed in the top-ranked Government sector.Though the top 10 employing industry sectors remained the same, several changes occurred within the industry rankings since the last Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area Brief was issued in April, 2017:While Government remained the top employer in the Area, Retail Trade overtook Health Care and Social Assistance as the second-ranked employing industry. The latest data for 2018 indicate Health Care and Social Assistance industries currently employ 376 fewer Area residents than Retail Trade.Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, previously ranked eighth, dropped to tenth, overtaken by employment in the Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services and Finance and Insurance sectors.Table 4: Top 10 Employing Industry Sectors in the AreaNAICS Sector GroupSector2018 Jobs90Government29,70744Retail Trade10,82962Health Care and Social Assistance10,45331Manufacturing8,17072Accommodation and Food Services6,83223Construction3,39381Other Services (except Public Administration)2,52756Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services2,16152Finance and Insurance2,10811Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting1,801Source: EMSI 2018.2Average Earnings by SectorAnnual employee earnings, averaged by sector, are examined in this section of the report. A chart, titled “Average Earnings by Sector, Top 10 Earning Sectors in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area versus State of Oklahoma,” follows the analysis.The average earnings for all top 10 sectors in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area are below the average earnings for the same sector statewide. The greatest disparity in earnings is found in the Mining, Quarrying and Oil and Gas Extraction sector which exhibits a 137% difference between earnings in the Area and the statewide average. The smallest differential in earnings is found in the Manufacturing sector, a difference of 1.9%. Overall, on average across all top 10 sectors, statewide earnings are 35.9% greater than Area earnings.The Utilities sector reports higher average earnings than any other sector in the Area at $121,596. This is approximately 10% below the statewide average for the same sector of $133,268.Despite ranking third in overall numbers of individuals employed, Health Care and Social Assistance fails to rank in the top 10 earnings for the Area. Earnings for this sector, ranked thirteenth, are $38,639 ernment, the sector employing the highest number of Area residents, ranks only sixth on the earnings scale. The average earnings per job for a Government sector employee are $54,564.Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing, an industry included in the Manufacturing sector, reports the highest average earnings in the Area at $252,477; however, only 28 jobs were reported in this industry in 2018. Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation, an industry included in the Utilities sector, ranks second at an average of $152,426 annually. While significantly larger than the Pharmaceutical manufacturing industry noted above, employment in this industry is still limited at 181 jobs in 2018.Figure 12: Average Earnings by Sector, Top 10 Earning Sectors in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area versus State of OklahomaSource: EMSI, 2018.2Average Earnings by CountyThe average annual earnings in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area as well as the average annual earnings for each Area county are below the average for the state of Oklahoma. Average annual earnings for the Area as a whole are $44,881; while average earnings for the state of Oklahoma are $54,560. This represents a gap of 21.5%. At $49,663, Muskogee County ranks first in average earnings. This figure represents a 10.6% increase over the Area average but a 9% decrease from the state average. Sequoyah County exhibits the lowest average earnings at $35,286 – 27% below the Area average. When a direct comparison is made between Sequoyah County and Muskogee County, there is a 40% differential.As previously indicated, residents of Adair County working outside the Area typically commute to Siloam Springs, in Benton County, Arkansas for employment; residents of Sequoyah County commute to Fort Smith in Sebastian County, Arkansas; and those individuals residing in the counties on the western edge of the Area, particularly Wagoner and Okmulgee Counties commute to Tulsa. Not only is the job density higher in those employment destinations, so too are the earnings. Earnings for Sebastian County, Arkansas average $49,746 annually as opposed to $35,286 in Sequoyah County, a differential of 41%. Earnings in Benton County, Arkansas are even higher, at $66,605 per job annually. These average annual earnings exceed those in Adair County by 60% and Tulsa County, at $58,439, averages 26% above Wagoner County and 33% above Okmulgee County earnings. Muskogee County, with the highest average earnings in the Area of $49,663, still falls below all of these competing job markets.257175606779Source: EMSI 2018.200Source: EMSI 2018.2\s256540214778Figure 13: 2018 Average Earnings by County, State and Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development AreaFigure 13: 2018 Average Earnings by County, State and Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development AreaTop Occupations by Number of JobsThe table that follows illustrates the prevalence of jobs in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area. The top 10 occupations represent 17,471 jobs; 20.3% of the total jobs reported in the Area.The most prevalent job in the Area is Cashiers. In 2018, 2,948 jobs were reported in this classification with median hourly earnings of $9.01. Retail Salespersons is the second ranked occupation with 2,362 jobs and median hourly earnings of $10.63.Eight of the top 10 occupations require the completion of a high school diploma or less. The occupation of Registered Nurses requires the completion of an Associates degree while Nursing Assistants must complete a postsecondary nondegree award. The second-ranked job category in the Area, Retail Salespersons, exhibits the greatest potential for growth by 2028, increasing by 317 jobs – a growth rate of 13.4%. Likewise, the occupation of Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food, is also expected to gain 13.4%, equaling 237 new jobs. Waiters and Waitresses is the only job category among the top 10 for which employment is anticipated to decline by 2028, losing a minimal (-12) positions.Table 5: Top Occupations by Number of Jobs in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development AreaOccupation2018 Jobs2028 JobsChangeMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience LevelCashiers2,9483,140192$9.01Short-term on-the-job trainingRetail Salespersons2,3622,679317$10.63Short-term on-the-job trainingOffice Clerks, General1,7911,912121$11.56Short-term on-the-job trainingCombined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food1,7662,003237$8.34Short-term on-the-job trainingPersonal Care Aides1,6081,724116$8.48Short-term on-the-job trainingRegistered Nurses1,5501,681131$27.35Associates degreeSecretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive1,4731,55279$12.68Short-term on-the-job trainingNursing Assistants1,3441,41874$10.63Postsecondary nondegree awardLaborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand1,3241,440116$10.93Short-term on-the-job trainingWaiters and Waitresses1,3041,292(-12)$8.82Short-term on-the-job trainingSource: EMSI, 2018.2Top Paying Occupational GroupsFor this analysis, individual occupations are aggregated and reported by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) major group. The table that follows highlights the top paying occupational groups by median hourly earnings.The top 10 occupational groups include 27,333 individual jobs; 31.7% of the total jobs reported in the Area.All of the top 10 highest paying occupation groups fall below the state median hourly earnings, though the differential for the group of Education, Training, and Library Occupations is only $0.01 per hour. The greatest differential in earnings is found in the major group of Legal Occupations where the Area median hourly earnings fall below the state-wide level by 17%.Management Occupations report the highest median hourly earnings in the Area at $33.72; however, this figure is still 10% below the Oklahoma statewide median hourly earnings for the same occupational group. The fourth-ranked Legal Occupations provides comparatively high Area median hourly earnings of $25.90 but there are fewer employment opportunities with only 416 jobs reported. Likewise, the fifth-ranked Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations offers competitive median earnings at $25.02 per hour, but only 481 jobs are available.Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations are ranked 10th in the Area with median hourly earnings of $16.88. This is 15% below the state level and only one-half the earnings of the top-ranked Management Occupations.The top three occupational groups in the Area, ordered by the number of jobs represented, are Office and Administrative Support Occupations (12,598 jobs), Sales and Related Occupations (8,011 jobs), and Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations (8,343 jobs). While these three major groups represent 28,952 jobs and 33.6% of the total jobs in the Area, none are included in this list due to low median earnings ranging from $8.75 to $13.19 per hour.Table 6: Top 10 Highest Paying Occupational Groups in the Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development AreaSOC Code GroupOccupation Group2018 JobsArea Median Hourly EarningsState Median Hourly Earnings11-0000Management Occupations3,975$33.72$37.1117-0000Architecture and Engineering Occupations898$32.32$34.6615-0000Computer and Mathematical Occupations995$26.96$30.4923-0000Legal Occupations416$25.90$30.2119-0000Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations481$25.02$25.4613-0000Business and Financial Operations Occupations3,400$24.98$27.6129-0000Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations5,326$23.48$25.5525-0000Education, Training, and Library Occupations6,184$17.85$17.8621-0000Community and Social Service Occupations2,106$17.27$18.7049-0000Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations3,550$16.88$19.52Source: EMSI, 2018.2Ecosystems Impact on Occupations and SalariesOklahoma has identified five key, in demand, industry clusters known as “ecosystems” which provide the state with a competitive advantage in a global economy. They exhibit significant potential for employment growth and provide wealth generating employment opportunities. The five key ecosystems’ demand industries produce or provide similar goods and services and therefore have similar needs in workforce, infrastructure, and economic development policy. These ecosystems include Aerospace and Defense, Agriculture and Biosciences, Energy, Information and Finance, and Transportation and Distribution. In addition to the five statewide ecosystems, four localized complimentary ecosystems important to regional economies have been identified, including Construction, Education, Health Care, and Manufacturing. A summary table of ecosystem data pertinent to the Area is provided for ease of ecosystem comparison, followed by an analysis of each individual key and complimentary ecosystem. Table 7: Ecosystem Comparison, Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development AreaEcosystemEstimated Net Job Growth (2018-2028)Ecosystem Growth Rate (2018-2028)Average Annual EarningsCommentsAerospace and Defense1846.4%$46,484Agriculture and Bioscience4068.0%$49,974Energy803.4%$78,2931) Highest average earningsInformation and Financial Services1615.9%$57,705Transportation and Distribution44013.6%$52,9671) Second highest rate of growth.Construction1,17813.7%$53,9261) Highest rate of growth. 2) Most newly created jobs. Education(-38)(-0.4%)$41,5121) Only ecosystem predicted to decline. 2) Second largest employing ecosystem in number of jobs.Health Care7575.9%$41,8121) Largest employing ecosystem in number of jobs.Manufacturing3539.8%$68,4591) Second highest average earnings.Aerospace and Defense.In 2018, there were 2,854 jobs in the Aerospace and Defense Ecosystem in the Area with average annual earnings per job of approximately $46,484. By 2028, employment within this ecosystem is projected to grow to 3,038, a net increase of 184 jobs and a growth rate of 6.4%.The list below, ordered alphabetically by occupation, highlights a few of the occupations employed by industries within the Aerospace and Defense Ecosystem in the Area. It should be noted that these positions are not limited to employment within the Aerospace and Defense Ecosystem, but rather, may be in demand by many other sectors, industries, and ecosystems across the state. Table 8: Sample Aerospace and Defense Ecosystem OccupationsSOCOccupationMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience Level49-3011Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians$28.40Postsecondary nondegree award51-4011Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic$18.19Moderate-term on-the-job training51-2022Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers$12.14Moderate-term on-the-job training51-1011First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers$23.75Less than 5-years experience11-1021General and Operations Managers$32.01Bachelor’s degree51-9061Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers$17.79Moderate-term on-the-job training49-9041Industrial Machinery Mechanics$23.72Long-term on-the-job training51-4041Machinists$19.92Long-term on-the-job training51-2092Team Assemblers$11.75Moderate-term on-the-job training51-4121Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers$18.44Moderate-term on-the-job trainingSource: EMSI, 2018.2Agriculture and Bioscience.In 2018, 5,102 jobs were reported in the Agriculture and Bioscience Ecosystem in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area with average annual earnings per job of $49,974. By 2028, employment within this ecosystem is projected to increase by 8.0%, adding 406 newly created jobs to the Area. The list below, ordered alphabetically by occupation, highlights some of the occupations employed by industries within the Agriculture and Bioscience Ecosystem in the Area. These positions are not limited to employment within this particular ecosystem, but rather, may be in demand by many other sectors, industries, and ecosystems across the state.Table 9: Agriculture and Bioscience Ecosystem Sample OccupationsSOCOccupationMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience Level45-2091Agricultural Equipment Operators$11.98Short-term on-the-job training45-2092Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse$10.24Short-term on-the-job training45-2093Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch and Aquacultural Animals$9.45Short-term on-the-job training51-1011First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers$23.75Less than 5-years experience51-3092Food Batchmakers$12.74Moderate-term on-the-job training53-3032Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers$18.41Postsecondary nondegree award53-7051Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators$12.85Short-term on-the-job training53-7062Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand$10.93Short-term on-the-job training51-9196Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders$19.99Moderate-term on-the-job training51-3023Slaughterers and Meat Packers$11.42Short-term on-the-job trainingSource: EMSI, 2018.2Energy.In 2018, there were 2,321 jobs in the Energy Ecosystem in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area with average annual earnings per job of approximately $78,293, the highest average earnings of any ecosystem in the Area. By 2028 employment within this ecosystem is projected to grow to over 2,400, increasing by a net 80 jobs; a growth rate of 3.4%.The list below, ordered alphabetically by occupation, highlights a few of the occupations employed by industries within the Energy Ecosystem in the Area. It should be noted that these positions are not limited to employment within this ecosystem, but rather, may be in demand by many other sectors, industries, and ecosystems across the state.Table 10: Energy Ecosystem Sample OccupationsSOCOccupationMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience Level51-4011Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic$18.19Moderate-term on-the-job training51-2022Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers$12.14Moderate-term on-the-job training49-9051Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers$20.54Long-term on-the-job training51-1011First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers$23.75Less than 5-years experience11-1021General and Operations Managers$32.01Bachelor’s degree51-9061Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers$17.79Moderate-term on-the-job training53-7062Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand$10.93Short-term on-the-job training51-4041Machinists$19.92Long-term on-the-job training51-2092Team Assemblers$11.75Moderate-term on-the-job training51-4121Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers$18.44Moderate-term on-the-job trainingSource: EMSI, 2018.2Information and Financial Services.In 2018, there were 2,741 jobs in the Information and Financial Services Ecosystem in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area. By 2028, that figure is expected to rise to 2,902 an increase of 161 new jobs and 5.9% growth rate. The average annual earnings per job for the ecosystem are $57,705.As may be expected, entry-level educational requirements trend much higher in this ecosystem that some others. One-half require a bachelor’s degree while an additional occupation, Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks requires the completion of some college credits.The list below, ordered alphabetically by occupation, highlights some of the occupations employed by industries within the Information and Financial Services Ecosystem in the Area. It should be noted that these positions are not limited to employment within the Information and Financial Services Ecosystem, but rather, may be in demand by many other sectors, industries, and ecosystems across the state.Table 11: Information and Financial Services Ecosystem Sample OccupationsSOCOccupationMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience Level13-2011Accountants and Auditors$27.35Bachelor's degree43-3031Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks$15.53Some college43-4051Customer Service Representatives$12.37Short-term on-the-job training11-3031Financial Managers$41.99Bachelor's degree43-1011First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers$19.25Less than 5 years experience11-1021General and Operations Managers$32.01Bachelor's degree43-4131Loan Interviewers and Clerks$13.39Short-term on-the-job training13-2072Loan Officers$23.89Bachelor's degree41-3031Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents$19.10Bachelor’s degree43-3071Tellers$11.32Short-term on-the-job trainingSource: EMSI, 2018.2Transportation and Distribution.In 2018, there were 3,224 jobs in the Transportation and Distribution Ecosystem in Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area with average annual earnings per job of approximately $52,967. By 2028, employment within this ecosystem to 3,664, an increase of 440 new jobs. With a growth rate of 13.6%, by a slim margin, this ecosystem is projected to exhibit the second highest rate of growth, second only to the regional/complementary ecosystem of Construction at 13.7%.The list below, arranged alphabetically by occupation, highlights a few of the occupations employed by industries within the Transportation and Distribution Ecosystem in the Area. It should be noted that these positions are not limited to employment within this particular ecosystem, but rather, may be in demand by many other sectors, industries, and ecosystems across the state.Table 12: Transportation and Distribution Ecosystem Sample OccupationsSOCOccupationMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience Level43-4051Customer Service Representatives$12.37Short-term on-the-job training11-1021General and Operations Managers$32.01Bachelor’s degree53-3032Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers$18.41Postsecondary nondegree award53-7051Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators$12.85Short-term on-the-job training53-7062Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand$10.93Short-term on-the-job training53-3033Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers$12.33Short-term on-the-job training53-4011Locomotive Engineers$22.70Moderate-term on-the-job training53-4031Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters$21.65Moderate-term on-the-job training41-4012Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products$22.64Moderate-term on-the-job training51-2092Team Assemblers$11.75Moderate-term on-the-job trainingSource: EMSI, 2018.2Construction (Regional/Complementary).As discussed previously, Construction is a regional/complementary ecosystem, and with 8,569 jobs reported in 2018 is the third largest employing ecosystem in the region. The average annual earnings per job in the Construction ecosystem were reported as $53,926. These average earnings reflect a significant increase from the 2016 earnings figure of $42,781.By 2028, employment is projected to increase to 9,747. Approximately 1,178 new jobs will be created, a growth rate of 13.7% -- the most new jobs created and the largest growth rate of any ecosystem in the Area.The list below, arranged alphabetically by occupation, highlights some of the occupations employed by industries within the Construction regional complementary ecosystem in the Area. It should be noted that these positions are not limited to employment within Construction, but rather, may be in demand by many other sectors, industries, and ecosystems across the state.Table 13: Construction Ecosystem Sample OccupationsSOCOccupationMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience Level47-2061Construction Laborers$13.20Short-term on-the-job training51-2022Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers$12.14Moderate-term on-the-job training47-2111Electricians$23.66Apprenticeship47-1011First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers$25.225 years or more experience51-1011First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers$23.75Less than 5 years experience11-1021General and Operations Managers$32.01Bachelor's degree51-4041Machinists$19.92Long-term on-the-job training47-2152Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters$25.60Apprenticeship51-2092Team Assemblers$11.75Moderate-term on-the-job training51-4121Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers$18.44Moderate-term on-the-job trainingSource: EMSI, 2018.2Education (Regional/Complementary).The regional/complementary ecosystem of Education accounted for approximately 9,800 jobs in 2018. Average annual earnings per job of $41,512 represents a significant drop from the $51,536 reported in 2016. This change may be attributable to many factors, including a loss of jobs in high-earning positions such as Education Administrators or a decrease in the median hourly earnings as more highly-paid senior teachers leave the profession, replaced by less experienced, lower-earning educators. The Education Ecosystem is the only ecosystem in the Area projected to decline by 2028, losing an estimated (-38) jobs, a loss of (-0.4%). Many of these job losses are anticipated to affect teachers at a variety of levels as well as support personnel such as cafeteria cooks.Like the Information and Finance Ecosystem, Education requires relatively high levels of typical entry-level education. Seven occupations require the completion of a Bachelor’s degree or higher including Master’s and Doctoral degrees. An additional occupation requires some college credits.The list below, presented in alphabetical order by occupation, highlights some of the occupations employed by industries within the Education Ecosystem. Many of the occupations within Education are extremely specialized but may still be in demand from other sectors, industries, and ecosystems across the state.Table 14: Education Ecosystem Sample OccupationsSOCOccupationMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience Level53-3022Bus Drivers, School or Special Client$10.13Short-term on-the-job training21-1012Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational Counselors$19.73Master’s degree25-2021Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education$19.41Bachelor’s degree25-2022Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education$20.01Bachelor’s degree25-1099Postsecondary Teachers$26.11Doctoral or professional degree25-2031Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education$20.53Bachelor’s degree25-6014Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive$12.68Short-term on-the-job training25-2052Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School$19.97Bachelor’s degree25-3098Substitute Teachers$8.78Bachelor’s degree25-9041Teacher Assistants$9.17Some collegeSource: EMSI, 2018.2Health Care (Regional/Complementary).Health Care is also considered a regional/complementary ecosystem and, as the largest ecosystem employer in the region, is very important to Eastern Oklahoma Workforce Development Area. Nearly 13,000 jobs were reported in 2018 in industries included in the ecosystem in the Area, with average annual earnings per job of approximately $41,812. By 2028, employment within this ecosystem is projected to increase to 13,598, a net increase in employment of 757 jobs, equal to a growth rate of 5.9%. While the list contains one occupation requiring a Bachelor’s degree and one requiring an Associates degree, over half require the completion of a post-secondary nondegree award. These awards are usually characterized as vocational or industry-recognized certification.The list below, organized alphabetically based on occupation, highlights some of the occupations employed by industries within the Health Care regional/complementary ecosystem in the Area. Like Education, many of the occupations within the Health Care sector are highly specialized; however, it must be remembered that other industries do employ health care specialists and there is competition among several other sectors, industries, and ecosystems for these skilled workers. Table 15: Health Care Ecosystem Sample OccupationsSOCOccupationMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience Level31-9091Dental Assistants$16.02Postsecondary nondegree award31-1011Home Health Aides$9.74Short-term on-the-job training29-2061Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses$17.78Postsecondary nondegree award11-9111Medical and Health Services Managers$37.03Bachelor’s degree31-9092Medical Assistants$13.28Postsecondary nondegree award29-2071Medical Records and Health Information Technicians$13.49Postsecondary nondegree award31-1014Nursing Assistants$10.63Postsecondary nondegree award39-9021Personal Care Aides$8.48Short-term on-the-job training29-2052Pharmacy Technicians$13.65Moderate-term on-the-job training29-1141Registered Nurses$27.35Associates degreeSource: EMSI, 2018.2Manufacturing (Regional/Complementary).The ecosystem of Manufacturing is unique. While recognized as a regional/complementary ecosystem, components of the Manufacturing sector are consistently embedded throughout several key and complementary ecosystems and included in those analyses. For example, it is impossible to produce aircraft necessary for the Aerospace and Defense Ecosystem without acknowledging the extensive role manufacturing plays in that process. Despite this duplication, it is interesting and broadens the base of knowledge about the sector to focus an analysis specifically on manufacturing-related occupations. The Manufacturing regional/complementary ecosystem accounted for approximately 3,600 jobs in 2018, with average earnings per job of $68,459, the second highest average earnings for any ecosystem, second only to the Energy Ecosystem. By 2028, employment is projected to rise to 3,959, an increase of 353 newly created jobs which reflect a growth rate of 9.8%. This growth rate is unique to the Area. By way of comparison, the growth rate of this same set of industries included in the Manufacturing Ecosystem at the state level is only 1%. This differential emphasizes the concentration of manufacturing industries in the northeast quadrant of Oklahoma and the importance of these industries to the economy of the Area.The list below, arranged in alphabetical order by occupation, highlights a few of the occupations employed by industries within the Manufacturing regional/complementary ecosystem in the Area. These positions are not limited to employment strictly within Manufacturing Ecosystem industries, but rather, may be in demand by many other sectors, industries, and ecosystems across the state.Table 16: Manufacturing Ecosystem Sample OccupationsSOCOccupationMedian Hourly EarningsEducation or Experience Level51-4011Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic$18.19Moderate-term on-the-job training51-4031Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$11.21Moderate-term on-the-job training51-2022Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers$12.14Moderate-term on-the-job training51-1011First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers$23.75Less than 5 years experience11-3051Industrial Production Managers$43.33Bachelor’s degree51-4041Machinists$19.92Long-term on-the-job training17-2141Mechanical Engineers$35.98Bachelor's degree51-4081Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$16.33Moderate-term on-the-job training51-2092Team Assemblers$11.75Moderate-term on-the-job training51-4121Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers$18.44Moderate-term on-the-job trainingSource: EMSI, 2018.2Appendix A: Equal OpportunitySources for data are cited for each table. Data are rounded to the nearest whole number or the nearest tenth, as appropriate. As a result, some columns may not sum exactly to the total reported. Negative numbers are cited in red and are bracketed by parentheses.Disability.18 to 64 Years – Current Workforce Age Bracket.Table 17: Disability Rate, 18 to 64 yearsWorkforce Development AreaTotal Population, Age 18-64Reporting no DisabilityPercentage Reporting no DisabilityReporting a DisabilityDisability RateEastern185,544153,65382.8%31,89117.2%Source: American Community Survey,2016, 5-year EstimatesTable 18: Prevalence of Disability by Type, as a Percentage of Individuals with Disabilities, 18 to 64 years *Workforce Development AreaHearingVisionCognitiveAmbulatorySelf-CareIndependent LivingEastern23.3%19.3%38.6%56.5%16.1%33.2%*Individuals may select more than one disability type. The total number of disabilities will exceed the total population.Source: American Community Survey,2016, 5-year EstimatesTable 19: Prevalence of Disability by Gender, 18 to 64 yearsWorkforce Development AreaMaleFemalePopulationReporting a DisabilityDisability RatePopulationReporting a DisabilityDisability RateEastern91,27116,35017.9%94,27315,54116.5%Source: American Community Survey,2016, 5-year EstimatesTable 20: Prevalence of Disability by Race, 18 to 64 yearsWorkforce Development AreaRacePopulationReporting a DisabilityDisability RateEasternAmerican Indian or Alaska Native35,9256,43917.9%Asian1,553583.7%Black9,2751,58917.1%Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander1572515.9%Some Other Race2,4901445.8%Two or More Races16,1602,74017.0%White119,98420,89617.4%TOTAL185,54431,89117.2%Source: American Community Survey,2016, 5-year EstimatesUnder 18 Years – Future Workforce Age Bracket.Table 21: Disability Rate, Under 18 yearsWorkforce Development AreaTotal Population, Age 18-64Reporting no DisabilityPercentage Reporting no DisabilityReporting a DisabilityDisability RateEastern76,98072,88794.7%4,0935.3%Source: American Community Survey,2016, 5-year EstimatesTable 22: Prevalence of Disability by Type, as a Percentage of Individuals with Disabilities, Under 18 years *Workforce Development AreaHearingVisionCognitiveAmbulatorySelf-CareIndependent LivingEastern19.5%19.4%68.4%14.3%16.1%N/A* NOTE: Individuals may report more than one disability and therefore, be included in more than one groupSource: American Community Survey,2016, 5-year EstimatesTable 23: Prevalence of Disability by Gender, Under 18 yearsWorkforce Development AreaMaleFemalePopulationReporting a DisabilityPercent with a DisabilityPopulationReporting a DisabilityPercent with a DisabilityEastern39,5912,4506.2%37,3891,6434.4%Source: American Community Survey,2016, 5-year EstimatesTable 24: Prevalence of Disability by Race, Under 18 yearsWorkforce Development AreaRacePopulationReporting a DisabilityDisability RateEasternAmerican Indian or Alaska Native18,5159395.1%Asian72160.8%Black3,9732616.6%Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander6400.0%Some Other Race1,322493.7%Two or More Races13,2058316.3%White39,1802,0075.1%TOTAL76,9804,0935.3%Source: American Community Survey,2016, 5-year EstimatesAge and Gender, 15 to 64 years.Table 25: Age Bracket Comparison, 15 to 64 yearsWorkforce Development AreaAge Bracket2017 PopulationPercent of 2017 Population Age 15-642027 Projected PopulationPercent of 2027 Projected Population Age 15-64Growth RateEastern15 to 19 years21,57410.8%20,78310.8%(3.7%)20 to 24 years21,13410.5%18,5829.6%(12.1%)25 to 29 years19,4309.7%17,0928.9%(12.0%)30 to 34 years19,7349.8%20,26910.5%2.7%35 to 39 years19,2329.6%21,10310.9%9.7%40 to 44 years18,5679.3%20,04510.4%8.0%45 to 49 years18,8609.4%19,0859.9%1.2%50 to 54 years20,40310.2%18,3169.5%(10.2%)55 to 59 years21,65810.8%18,3589.5%(15.2%)60 to 64 years19,8339.9%19,1459.9%(3.5%)TOTAL =SUM(ABOVE) 200,425100.0%192,778100.0%(3.8%)Source: American Community Survey,2016, 5-year EstimatesTable 26: Gender by Age, 15 to 64 yearsWorkforce Development AreaAge Bracket2017 PopulationPercent of 2017 Population Age 15-642027 Projected PopulationPercent of 2027 Projected Population Age 15-64Growth RateEasternMALE15 to 19 years11,1755.6%10,7285.6%(4.0%)20 to 24 years10,9825.5%9,4114.9%(14.3%)25 to 29 years9,6294.8%8,5314.4%(11.4%)30 to 34 years9,7374.9%10,2355.3%5.1%35 to 39 years9,4484.7%10,4895.4%11.0%40 to 44 years9,1814.6%10,0315.2%9.3%45 to 49 years9,2904.6%9,3734.9%0.9%50 to 54 years10,1265.1%8,9884.7%(11.2%)55 to 59 years10,5575.3%8,9294.6%(15.4%)60 to 64 years9,4044.7%9,3644.9%(0.4%)MALE SUB-TOTAL99,52749.7%96,07749.8%(3.5%)FEMALE15 to 19 years10,3995.2%10,0555.2%(3.3%)20 to 24 years10,1525.1%9,1704.8%(9.7%)25 to 29 years9,8014.9%8,5624.4%(12.6%)30 to 34 years9,9985.0%10,0345.2%0.4%35 to 39 years9,7844.9%10,6155.5%8.5%40 to 44 years9,3864.7%10,0145.2%6.7%45 to 49 years9,5704.8%9,7135.0%1.5%50 to 54 years10,2775.1%9,3284.8%(9.2%)55 to 59 years11,1025.5%9,4294.9%(15.1%)60 to 64 years10,4295.2%9,7815.1%(6.2%)FEMALE SUB-TOTAL100,89850.3%96,70150.2%(4.2%)TOTAL200,425100%192,778100%(3.8%)Source: EMSI, Version 2018.1Race and Ethnicity, Age 15-64.Table 27: Race and Ethnicity Combinations, 15 to 64 yearsWorkforce Development AreaRace/Ethnicity Combination2017 PopulationPercent of Population Age 15-642027 Projected PopulationPercent of 2027 Projected Population Age 15-64Growth RateEasternAmerican Indian or Alaskan Native, Non-Hispanic42,71721.3%41,98621.8%(1.7%)Asian, Non-Hispanic1,8770.9%2,1191.1%12.9%Black or African American, Non-Hispanic10,0135.0%8,8544.6%(11.6%)Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic1140.1%1250.1%9.6%Two or More Races, Non-Hispanic15,3177.6%15,8338.2%3.4%White, Non-Hispanic119,73159.7%111,58957.9%(6.8%)American Indian or Alaskan Native, Hispanic1,8720.9%2,2491.2%20.1%Asian, Hispanic920.0%1080.1%17.1%Black or African American, Hispanic3560.2%4130.2%16.0%Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Hispanic570.0%740.0%29.2%Two or More Races, Hispanic7060.4%8560.4%21.3%White, Hispanic7,5743.8%8,5724.4%13.2%TOTAL200,425100.0%192,778100.0%(3.8%)Source: EMSI, Version 2018.1Table 28: Race Only, Regardless of Ethnicity, 15 to 64 yearsWorkforce Development AreaRaceTotal PopulationPercentage of Population 15-642027 Projected PopulationPercent of 2027 Projected Population Age 15-64Growth RateEasternAmerican Indian or Alaska Native44,58922.2%44,23522.9%(0.8%)Asian1,9691.0%2,2271.2%13.1%Black10,3695.2%9,2684.8%(10.6%)Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander1710.1%1990.1%16.1%Two or More Races16,0238.0%16,6908.7%4.2%White127,30563.5%120,16162.3%(5.6%)TOTAL200,425100.0%192,778100.0%(3.8%)Source: EMSI, Version 2018.1Table 29: Ethnicity Only, Regardless of Race, 15 to 64 yearsWorkforce Development AreaEthnicityTotal PopulationPercentage of Population 15-642027 Projected PopulationPercent of 2027 Projected Population Age 15-64Growth RateEasternHispanic10,6575.3%12,2726.4%15.1%Non-Hispanic189,76894.7%180,50793.6%(4.9%)TOTAL200,425100.0%192,778100.0%(3.8%)Source: EMSI, Version 2018.1English Language Learners, 18-64.Table 30: Prevalence of Language Spoken at Home, 18 to 64 yearsWorkforce Development AreaLanguage Spoken at HomeEnglish OnlyLanguage Other than EnglishLanguage Other Than EnglishSpanishOther Indo-European LanguagesAsian and Pacific Island LanguagesOther LanguagesEastern93.9%6.1%3.3%0.5%0.6%1.6%Source: American Community Survey, 2016, 5-year EstimatesTable 31: Perception of Fluency of English Language Learners, 18 to 64 yearsWFDALanguage Spoken at HomeSpeaks English:Very WellWellTotal Very Well or WellNot WellNot at AllTotal Not Well or Not at AllEasternSpanish52.9%21.9%74.8%20.8%4.4%25.2%Other Indo-European Language76.4%13.0%89.4%10.6%0.0%10.6%Asian and Pacific Island Languages53.5%30.5%84.0%14.9%1.1%16.0%Other Languages87.7%10.0%97.7%2.4%0.0%2.4%Source: American Community Survey, 2016, 5-year EstimatesReligious Affiliation.Table 32: Religious Affiliation, 2009, Workforce Development AreaWFDAMajor Religious CategoryCongregationsCongregational PercentageMember CountMember PercentageEasternEvangelical Protestant43870.5%72,66965.4%Mainline Protestant548.7%14,94613.5%Historically Black Protestant213.4%3,0752.8%Roman Catholic111.8%4,5124.1%Jewish Congregations20.3%180.0%Latter-Day Saint (Mormon)50.8%7000.6%Islamic00.0%00.0%Hindu00.0%00.0%Buddhist00.0%00.0%Orthodox Christian00.0%00.0%Jehovah’s Witnesses71.1%2,1001.9%Other8313.4%13,05611.8%Source: University of Wisconsin “Social Explorer,” Rates of Older Workers (40 to 64 years of age)Table 33: Summary of Unemployment/Labor Force Participation, PUMA, 40 to 64 yearsIncluded CountiesIn the Labor ForceNot In the Labor ForceLabor Force Participation RateEmployedUn-employedUn-employment RateCherokee, Sequoyah and Adair Counties PUMAAdairCherokeeSequoyah19,17313,45158.8%17,8531,3206.9%Claremore City PUMA – Rogers (Central) and Wagoner (West)Rogers (Part)Wagoner (Part)33,0167,85080.8%32,2138032.4%Muskogee, Okmulgee, Wagoner (East) and McIntosh Counties PUMAMcIntoshMuskogeeOkmulgeeWagoner (Part)29,43116,01664.8%27,2812,1507.3%Table 34: Summary of Unemployment/Labor Force Participation by Race Only, Regardless of Ethnicity, PUMS, 40 to 64 yearsRaceIn the Labor ForceNot In the Labor ForceLabor Force Participation RateEmployedUnemployedUnemployment RateCherokee, Sequoyah and Adair Counties PUMAAmerican Indian or Alaskan Native6,7343,39466.5%6,3503845.7%Asian364146.8%3600.0%Black or African American49719072.3%4207715.5%Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander000.0%000.0%Two or More Races2,2901,05868.4%1,70059025.8%White9,6168,57052.9%9,3472692.8%Some Other Race01980.0%000.0%Claremore City PUMA – Rogers (Central) and Wagoner (West)American Indian or Alaskan Native3,21677480.6%3,0281885.8%Asian5160100.0%51600.0%Black or African American53644054.9%53600.0%Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander000.0%000.0%Two or More Races2,12056479.0%2,12000.0%White26,4345,91581.7%25,8196152.3%Some Other Race19415755.3%19400.0%Muskogee, Okmulgee, Wagoner (East) and McIntosh Counties PUMAAmerican Indian or Alaskan Native4,6782,17868.2%3,6061,07222.9%Asian1380100.0%13800.0%Black or African American2,1421,74855.1%1,9861567.3%Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander000.0%000.0%Two or More Races1,68164372.3%1,68100.0%White20,00411,21664.1%19,0829224.6%Some Other Race78823177.3%78800.0%Table 35: Summary of Unemployment Rates by Ethnicity, Gender, and Existence of a Disability, PUMA, 40 to 64 yearsEthnicityGenderExistence of a DisabilityIncluded CountiesHispanicNon-HispanicMaleFemaleDisabilityNo DisabilityCherokee, Sequoyah and Adair Counties PUMAAdairCherokeeSequoyah0.0%7.1%7.4%6.3%0.0%7.5%Claremore City PUMA – Rogers (Central) and Wagoner (West)Rogers (Part)Wagoner (Part)0.0%2.6%3.1%1.6%19.8%0.9%Muskogee, Okmulgee, Wagoner (East) and McIntosh Counties PUMAMcIntoshMuskogeeOkmulgeeWagoner (Part)0.0%7.6%10.8%3.5%18.2%5.6%Appendix B: NAICS Industry Sectors with associated sample industriesTable 36: NAICS Industry Sector CodesSector CodeSector Name Sample industries/descriptionsSector Description11Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and HuntingActivities of this sector are growing crops, raising animals, harvesting timber, and harvesting fish and other animals from farms, ranches, or the animals’ natural habitats.Crop ProductionOilseed, grain, vegetable, fruit, and tree nut farming; greenhouse, nursery and floricultureAnimal Production and AquacultureCattle, hog, poultry, sheet, and goat farming; egg production, aquacultureForestry and LoggingTimber tract operations, forest nurseries, logging.Fishing, Hunting and Trapping21Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas ExtractionActivities of this sector are extracting naturally occurring mineral solids such as coal and ore; liquid minerals such as crude petroleum; and gases such as natural gas; and beneficiating (e.g., crushing, screening, washing, and floatation) and other preparation at the mine site, or as part of mining activity.Oil and Gas ExtractionMining (except Oil and Gas)Coal, metal ore, and nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying.22UtilitiesActivities of this sector are generating, transmitting, and/or distributing electricity, gas, steam, and water, and removing sewage through a permanent infrastructure of lines, mains, and pipe.Electric PowerGeneration, transmission, and distribution.Natural Gas DistributionWater, Sewage and Other SystemsWater supply and irrigation systems, sewage treatment facilities, and steam and air-conditioning supply.23ConstructionActivities of this sector are erecting buildings and other structures (including additions); heavy construction other than buildings; and alterations, reconstruction, installation, and maintenance and repairs.Construction of buildingsResidential and nonresidential building construction.Heavy and Civil Engineering ConstructionUtility system construction; land subdivision; highway, street, and bridge construction; and other heavy and civil engineering construction.Specialty Trade ContractorsFoundation, structure, building exterior, building equipment, building finishing, and other specialty trade contractors.31-33ManufacturingActivities of this sector are the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products.Food ManufacturingAnimal food manufacturing; grain/oilseed milling; sugar/confectionery product manufacturing; dairy product manufacturing; animal slaughtering/processing; seafood product preparation/packaging; bakeries/tortilla manufacturing.Beverage and Tobacco Product ManufacturingTextile Mills/Textile Product MillsFiber, yarn and thread mills; fabric mills; textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills. Textile furnishings mills; other textile product mills.Apparel ManufacturingApparel knitting mills; cut and sew apparel manufacturing; apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing.Leather/Allied Product ManufacturingLeather and hide tanning and finishing; footwear manufacturing; other leather and allied product manufacturing.Wood Product ManufacturingSawmills and wood preservation; veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing; other wood product manufacturing.Paper ManufacturingPulp, paper, and paperboard mills.Printing and Related Support ActivitiesPetroleum and Coal Products ManufacturingChemical ManufacturingBasic chemical, resin, synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing; pesticides, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing; pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing; soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing.Plastics and Rubber Products ManufacturingNonmetallic Mineral Product ManufacturingClay product manufacturing; glass, cement, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing.Primary Metal ManufacturingIron and steel mills; alumina and aluminum production; foundriesFabricated Metal Product ManufacturingForging/stamping; Cutlery/hand tool manufacturing; Architectural/structural metals manufacturing; Boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing; Hardware manufacturing; Machine shops, turned product, screw/nut/bolt manufacturing.Machinery ManufacturingAgriculture/construction/mining machinery; industrial machinery; commercial/service industry machinery; ventilation/heating/air-conditioning/commercial refrigeration equipment puter and Electronic Product ManufacturingComputer/peripheral equipment manufacturing; communications equipment manufacturing; audio/video equipment manufacturing; semiconductor/other electronic component manufacturing.Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component ManufacturingElectric lighting, household appliance, electrical equipment, other electrical equipment and component manufacturing.Transportation Equipment ManufacturingMotor vehicle, trailer, motor vehicle parts, aerospace product and parts, railroad, ship, boat, other transportation equipment manufacturing.Furniture and Related Product ManufacturingHousehold, institutional furniture, office furniture manufacturing.Miscellaneous Manufacturing42Wholesale TradeActivities of this sector are selling or arranging for the purchase or sale of goods for resale; capital or durable non-consumer goods; and raw and intermediate materials and supplies used in production, and providing services incidental to the sale of the merchandise.Merchant Wholesalers, Durable GoodsMotor vehicle/motor vehicle parts/supplies; furniture; lumber and other construction materials; professional and commercial equipment and supplies; metal and mineral; household appliances/electrical/electronic goods; hardware/plumbing/heating equipment wholesalersMerchant Wholesalers, Nondurable GoodsPaper/paper products; drugs/druggist sundries; apparel/piece goods/notions; grocery; farm products; chemical and allied products; petroleum/petroleum products wholesalersWholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers44-45Retail TradeActivities of this sector are retailing merchandise generally in small quantities to the general public and providing services incidental to the sale of the merchandise.Motor Vehicle and Parts DealersFurniture and Home Furnishings StoresElectronics and Appliance StoresBuilding Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies DealersFood and Beverage StoresGrocery, specialty food, beer/wine/liquor storesHealth and Personal Care StoresGasoline StationsClothing and Clothing Accessories StoresClothing, shoe, jewelry/luggage/leather goods stores.Sporting Goods, Hobby, Musical Instrument, and Book StoresGeneral Merchandise StoresMiscellaneous Store RetailersFlorists, office supplies/stationery/gifts, used merchandise, art dealers, pet supply stores.Non-store RetailersElectronic shopping/mail order houses; vending machine operators; and direct selling establishments.48-49Transportation and WarehousingActivities of this sector are providing transportation of passengers and cargo, warehousing and storing goods, scenic and sightseeing transportation, and supporting these activities.Air TransportationRail TransportationWater TransportationTruck TransportationTransit and Ground Passenger TransportationPipeline TransportationScenic and Sightseeing TransportationSupport Activities for TransportationPostal ServiceCourier and MessengersWarehousing and Storage51InformationActivities of this sector are distributing information and cultural products, providing the means to transmit or distribute these products as data or communications, and processing data.Publishing industries (except Internet)Newspaper, periodical, book directory publishers; software publishers.Motion Picture and Sound Recording IndustriesBroadcasting (except Internet)Radio/TV, cable, other subscription programming.TelecommunicationsWired, wireless, and satellite.Data Processing, Hosting and Related ServicesOther Information ServicesNews syndicates, libraries/archives, Internet publishing/broadcasting/web search portals.52Finance and InsuranceActivities of this sector involve the creation, liquidation, or change in ownership of financial assets (financial transactions) and/or facilitating financial transactions.Monetary Authorities – Central BankCredit Intermediation and Related ActivitiesSecurities, Commodity Contracts, and other Financial Investments and Related ActivitiesInsurance Carriers and Related ActivitiesFunds, Trusts, and other Financial Vehicles53Real Estate and Rental and LeasingActivities of this sector are renting, leasing, or otherwise allowing the use of tangible or intangible assets (except copyrighted works), and providing related services.Real EstateRental and Leasing ServicesLessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works)54Professional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesActivities of this sector are performing professional, scientific, and technical services for the operations of other organizations.Professional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesLegal; accounting/tax preparation/bookkeeping/payroll; architectural/engineering; specialized design services; computer systems design; management/scientific/technical consulting; scientific research/development; advertising/public relations.55Management of Companies and EnterprisesActivities of this sector are the holding of securities of companies and enterprises, for the purpose of owning controlling interest or influencing their management decisions, or administering, overseeing, and managing other establishments of the same company or enterprise and normally undertaking the strategic or organizational planning and decision-making role of the company or enterprise.Management of Companies and EnterprisesCompanies and enterprises; offices of bank holding companies; offices of other holding companies; corporate/subsidiary/regional managing offices.56Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation ServicesActivities of this sector are performing routine support activities for the day-to-day operations of other organizations.Administrative and Support ServicesOffice administrative services; facilities support services; employment services; business support services; travel arrangement and reservation services; investigation and security services; services to buildings and dwellings.Waste Management and Remediation ServicesWaste collection; waste treatment and disposal; remediation and other waste management services.61Educational ServicesActivities of this sector are providing instruction and training in a wide variety of subjects.Educational ServicesElementary and secondary schools, junior colleges, colleges/universities/professional schools; business schools; computer/management training; technical/trade schools; other schools and instruction; educational support services.62Health Care and Social AssistanceActivities of this sector are providing health care and social assistance for individuals.Ambulatory Health Care ServicesPhysicians, dentists, other health practitioners; outpatient care; medical and diagnostic laboratories; home health care services; other ambulatory health care services.HospitalsNursing and Residential Care FacilitiesSocial AssistanceIndividual and family services; community food and housing/emergency/other relief services; vocational rehabilitation services; child day care services.71Arts, Entertainment, and RecreationActivities of this sector are operating or providing services to meet varied cultural, entertainment, and recreational interests of their patrons.Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related IndustriesMuseums, Historical Sites and Similar InstitutionsAmusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries72Accommodation and Food ServicesActivities of this sector are providing customers with lodging and/or preparing meals, snacks, and beverages for immediate consumption.Special Food ServicesFood service contractors; caterers; mobile food servicesDrinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages)Restaurants and Other Eating Places81Other Services (Except Public Administration)Activities of this sector are providing services not elsewhere specified, including repairs, religious activities, grantmaking, advocacy, laundry, personal care, death care, and other personal services.Repair and MaintenanceAutomotive repair; electronic repair; commercial and industrial machinery repair; personal/household goods repairPersonal and Laundry ServicesPersonal care; death care; dry-cleaning/laundry services; pet care (except veterinary); photofinishing; parking lots and garagesReligious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar OrganizationsPrivate Households90-92Public Administration (Government)Activities of this sector are administration, management, and oversight of public programs by Federal, State, and local governments.Executive, Legislative, and Other General Government SupportJustice, Public Order, and Safety ActivitiesAdministration of Human Resource ProgramsAdministration of Environmental Quality ProgramsAdministration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and Community DevelopmentAdministration of Economic ProgramsSpace Research and TechnologyNational Security and International AffairsAppendix C: 2018 Standard Occupational Classification codes with associated minor groupsTable 37: Standard Occupational Classification CodesMajor Group CodeMajor Group TitleMinor Groups11-0000Management OccupationsTop Executives. Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations, and Sales Managers.Operations Specialties Managers.Other Management Occupations.13-0000Business and Financial Operations OccupationsBusiness Operations Specialists.Financial Specialists.15-0000Computer and Mathematical OccupationsComputer Occupations.Mathematical Science Occupations.17-0000Architecture and Engineering OccupationsArchitecture, Surveyors, and Cartographers.Engineers.Drafters, Engineering Technicians, and Mapping Technicians.19-0000Life, Physical, and Social Science OccupationsLife Scientists.Physical Scientists.Social Scientists and Related Workers.Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians.21-0000Community and Social Services OccupationsCounselors, Social Workers, and Other Community and Social Service Specialists.Religious Workers.23-0000Legal OccupationsLawyers, Judges, and Related Workers.Legal Support Workers.25-0000Education, Training, and Library OccupationsPostsecondary Teachers.Preschool, Primary, Secondary, and Special Education School Teachers.Other Teachers and Instructors.Librarians, Curators, and Archivists.Other Education, Training, and Library Occupations.27-0000Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media OccupationsArt and Design Workers.Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Workers.Media and Communication Workers.Media and Communication Equipment Workers.29-0000Healthcare Practitioners and Technical OccupationsHealth Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners.Health Technologists and Technicians.Other Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations.31-0000Healthcare Support OccupationsNursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides.Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides.Other Healthcare Support Occupations.33-0000Protective Service OccupationsSupervisors of Protective Service Workers.Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers.Law Enforcement Workers.Other Protective Service Workers.35-0000Food Preparation and Serving Related OccupationsSupervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations.Cooks and Food Preparation Workers.Food and Beverage Serving Workers.Other Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers.37-0000Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance OccupationsSupervisors of Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Workers.Building Cleaning and Pest Control Workers.Grounds Maintenance Workers.39-0000Personal Care and Service OccupationsSupervisors of Personal Care and Service Workers.Animal Care and Service Workers.Entertainment Attendants and Related Workers.Funeral Service Workers.Personal Appearance Workers.Baggage Porters, Bellhops, and Concierges.Tour and Travel Guides.Other Personal Care and Service Workers.41-0000Sales and Related OccupationsSupervisors of Sales Workers.Retail Sales Workers.Sales Representatives, Services.Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing.Other Sales and Related Workers.43-0000Office and Administrative Support OccupationsSupervisors of Office and Administrative Support munications Equipment Operators.Financial rmation and Records Clerks.Material Recording, Scheduling, Dispatching, and Distribution Workers.Secretaries and Administrative Assistants.Other Office and Administrative Support Workers.45-0000Farming, Fishing, and Forestry OccupationsSupervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers.Agricultural Workers.Fishing and Hunting Workers.Forest, Conservation, and Logging Workers.47-0000Construction and Extraction OccupationsSupervisors of Construction and Extraction Workers.Construction Trades Workers.Helpers, Construction Trades.Other Construction and Related Workers.Extraction Workers.49-0000Installation, Maintenance, and Repair OccupationsSupervisors of Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers.Electrical and Electronic Equipment Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers.Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers.Other Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations.51-0000Production OperationsSupervisors of Production Workers.Assemblers and Fabricators.Food Processing Workers.Metal Workers and Plastic Workers.Printing Workers.Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers.Woodworkers.Plant and System Operators.Other Production Occupations.53-0000Transportation and Material Moving OccupationsSupervisors of transportation and Material Moving Workers.Air Transportation Workers.Motor Vehicle Operators.Rail Transportation Workers.Water Transportation Workers.Other Transportation Workers.Material Moving Workers.55-0000Military Specific OccupationsMilitary Officer Special and Tactical Operations Leaders.First-Line Enlisted Military Supervisors.Military Enlisted Tactical Operations and Air/Weapons Specialists and Crew Members. ................
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