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Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Books
Haydu, Bernice "Bee" Letters Home 1944-1945 Women Airforce Service Pilots: Top Line Printing and Graphics, 2003. Print.
Bee's letters to her mom gave us a first-hand account of how a female pilot felt, leaving her family to train. Bee's letters tell of how her days were when she was training in Sweetwater, Texas. Bee was instrumental in the fight for the WASP to be recognized as veterans in the 1970's.
Gruhzit-Hoyt, Olga. "Part Seven: Women's Airforce Service Pilots." They Also Served: American Women in World War II. Secaucus, NJ: Carol Pub. Group, 1995. Print.
In this section of the book, Florene Miller discusses her experience as a service pilot in WWII. She gives information on how much they paid. Her story helped us with the "encounter" portion of our project.
Letters
McKeown, Harry. "Letter from B-29 Pilot from a USAF B-29 Pilot to a WASP Pilot." Letter to Dr. Struthers. 2 Aug. 1995. MS.
This letter was from a B-29 pilot who wanted to thank the WASP pilot for showing him that the B-29 was a "flyable" plane. This supported the information we have read about one of the types of planes the pilots flew. It also showed how it took many years for the pilots to be appreciated for their service.
Woodward, Inez. "Inez Woodward Woods Correspondence, February 1943-October 1944. Transcribed by Tanya Hartline." Letter. Feb. 1943-Oct.1944.
These 26 letters tell about Inez Woodward's experiences while training in Sweetwater, Texas.
Articles
Barakat, Matthew. "Families Fighting for Female WWII Pilots' Place in History." Houston Chronicle 2 Jan. 2016, Newsmakers sec.: A2. Print.
This article discusses the battle that WASP continue to fight for the right to have their cremated remains placed at Arlington Cemetery. We also got a contact name for from Texas Women's University.
Darr, Ann. "The Women Who Flew, But Kept Silent.” New York Times 7 May 1995, pages 70-71: ProQuest Historical Newspapers [ProQuest]. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
This article was written by Ann Darr, a service pilot. She gives a first-hand account of her time as a pilot and the struggle that was taking place for the WASP to be recognized by the government as serving in the military.
"Flying for an Ally Suggested to WASPs." New York Times 24 Dec. 1944: 8. Web. 12 Dec. 2015.
This article helped realize the struggle that female pilots had after the WASP program ended. They still wanted to fly but were expected to go back to their daily lives, such as being a house wife. In this article, Cochran suggested that perhaps they could fly for our allies.
"Girl Pilots: Air Force Trains Them at Avenger Field, Texas." Life Magazine 19 July 1943: 73-81. Print.
This article gives a detailed account, along with photographs, of the WASP trainees at Avenger Field in Sweetwater, Texas. We learned more about how the trainees lived, trained and flew "the army way". We will incorporate many of these pictures on our exhibit.
Glosser, Sandra. "History Clips WASPs' Wings." Dallas Morning News 25 May 1974: 3. Readex. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
This article discusses how the WASP came together for a reunion. We learned that 36 died during the war and that they were also responsible for training other pilots.
Grabel, Dan. "A Civilian Who Earned Her Wings in War: Civilian's Wings Earned in War." New York Times 4 Oct. 1998: WE1. ProQuest Historical Newspapers [ProQuest]. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.
This article gives the firsthand account of Ruth Kornblum, a WASP pilot. She tells about the wages they received and discusses the types of planes they ferried during the war. It also discusses the recognition the WASP finally received.
"It's a Woman's War Too." New York Times 21 Nov. 1943: ProQuest Historical Newspapers [ProQuest]. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
This article discusses how the uniforms were chosen and provided more information on Jacqueline Cochran.
Miller, Bryan. "Woman Flier Leads New Battle." New York Times 30 Oct. 1977: 317. ProQuest Historical Newspapers [ProQuest]. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
This article was about Bee Falk Haydu's battle to lead the way for the WASP to be recognized and to receive the benefits they were promised. This battle was taking place 30 years after the WASP program was ended. This showed another aspect of the problems they "encountered."
Parisi, Albert. "Memories of a Different Kind." New York Times 5 June 1994: 528. ProQuest Historical Newspapers [ProQuest]. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
This article discusses the discrimination that female pilots faced as WASP. It also discusses the dangers they faced. This article helped us with the relating our topic to the "encounter" portion of this year's theme.
"Recognition for the WASPS." New York Times 16 June 1944: 18. ProQuest Historical Newspapers [ProQuest]. Web. 29 Nov. 2015.
This article discusses the WASP pursuit of being recognized by Congress and given military status. This helped with the “encounter” portion of the theme/exhibit.
Strong, Barbara. "Former WASP Asks for Benefits." Dallas Morning News 26 May 1977: 43. Readex. Web.
This article shows that Women Airforce Service Pilots were still fighting to be recognized as veterans more than 30 years later.
"The Women of the WASPs." Think Magazine 1946: Think Magazine. 2008. Web. 15 Dec. 2015. This article had the picture from Life Magazine on it that we want to use on our board. It explained what the WASP program was and discussed the help given by Jacqueline Cochran.
"These WASPS Are Ready to Take Over." New York Times 22 Jan. 1944: 10. ProQuest Historical Newspapers [ProQuest]. Web. 12 Dec. 2015.
This article reported on the completion of the nine-week training course for four of the WASP. It also reported on their preparations for a cross country flight. This article had a photograph that we would like to use.
"WASP Future Seen Uncertain." Dallas Morning News 1 Aug. 1947: 11. Print.
This article provided a quote from Jacqueline Cochran, who headed the Women's Airforce Service Pilots during World Ward II. She discusses the future of women in the air force and states that there are problems that need to be solved.
"Women Fliers Will Seek Benefits Given Veterans." Dallas Morning News 4 Feb. 1946: 9. Readex. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
This article was about a state meeting that was to take place to discuss the establishment of benefits as veterans. This was just a year after the organization was disbanded.
Interviews
Anderson, Roby “WASP Homecoming Interview.” Personal Interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. Anderson discussed her memories as a WASP test pilot when we attended the WASP Homecoming in Sweetwater, Texas. She was a test pilot for the WASP.
Bright, Nell. “WASP Homecoming Interview." Personal interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. Bright sat down for interview with us during the WASP Homecoming in Sweetwater, Texas. Ms. Bright spoke about her favorite memories of being a WASP, such as her first night solo. Jackie Cochran interviewed Bright to be a WASP because Bright had learned how to fly before the war, had enough flight hours and had already attended college. When speaking of any prejudices she stated that the Tuskegee pilots had a much harder time than the women.
Crane, Marcia. “WASP Homecoming Interview." Personal interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. Crane shared the few memories she had as a WASP trainee. She left the program before graduating because she got a job as animator for Disney.
Doyle, Mildred “Jane.” “WASP Homecoming Interview." Personal interview. 28 May. 2016.
Ms. Doyle discussed the rigorous training that the WASP received. “It was the same grind cadets experienced: primary, basic, advanced and ground school, where she learned regulations, physics and engine maintenance.”
Haydu, Bernice "Bee" "Letters Home." E-mail interview. 21 Dec. 2015.
We requested this interview with Bee Haydu, after reading her book "Letters Home." Mrs. Haydu discussed the rigor of training the "army way" and also gave advice on items to use on our exhibit.
Haydu, Bernice Falk. "Bernice Falk Haydu Collection (AFC/2001/001/15409)." Interview by Sheena Foster. Library of Congress. Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
This interview of "Bee" Haydu gave us more information on her experiences as a WASP to help us with our interview that we had. She also elaborates more on the struggle that they had to be considered part of the military in 1944, as well as in 1977.
Hilbrandt, Kay. “WASP Homecoming Interview." Personal interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. Hilbrandt discussed what type of planes she flew such as the AT-6, PT-17 and BT-13. At Eagle Pass Air Force Base she became an instrumental trainer for “under the hood.”
Kruse, Shirley. “WASP Homecoming Interview." Personal interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. Kruse was accepted into the class of 44W-6. After graduation she was sent to Bainbridge Air Base, Georgia, where she tested aircraft. During this time she encountered a few male pilots who occasionally made life miserable. She was sent back to Sweetwater, Texas to take an advanced instrument course.
Lucas, Dorothy. “WASP Homecoming Interview." Personal interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. Lucas towed targets for training purposes. She flew the AT-6. She was in the WASP program from November 1943 to February 1944.
Mascott, Florence “WASP Homecoming Interview." Personal interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. Macott discussed her time as a WASP trainee. She discussed how the pants didn’t fit women correctly and the conditions at Sweetwater, Texas, where they trained. She discussed how they found a snake under a cot one day. She left before graduating because she received a marriage proposal. She discussed the lasting friendships she made.
McCreery, Jean. “WASP Homecoming Interview." Personal interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. McCreery flew AT-6, PT-17, AT-7, and the PT-19. She was only a WASP for ten days before the program was cancelled. She shared her memories as a young pilot right out of high school.
Parrish, Deanie. "WWII Female Pilot Tells Exhilarating Secret Stories of Wartime Exploits." Interview by Maggie Kennon. Family Security Matters. 6 June 2014. Web. 28 Dec. 2015. This interview with Deanie Parrish, a member of WASP, was helpful in preparing for the interview we had with her. She told of the dangers of towing targets for training. This also helped us with the "encounter" portion of our board.
Reynolds, Shutsy. “WASP Homecoming Interview." Personal interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. Reynolds explained how she always wanted to learn how to fly as a little girl and was told that “girls don’t fly.” She was determined to enter the WASP program and wrote to Jackie Cochran weekly. She jokes that Cochran let her in the program just to “shut me up.” She entered the WASP program in December 7, 1942 and the program ended December 20, 1944.
White, Pauline “Polly.” “WASP Homecoming Interview.” Personal Interview. 28 May 2016.
When asked what she flew she said, “Anything they told me to do!” She served at a training base for Air Force Pilots at Foster Field in Victoria, Texas. She towed targets for aerial gunnery practice and ferryed VIP’s around, and she instructed men in instrument flying. She discussed problems she encountered with “guys” that didn’t like women pilots.
Wyall, Marty. “WASP Homecoming Interview.” Personal Interview. 28 May 2016.
Ms. Wyall was in the last WASP graduating class. She discussed her life after deactivation when she continued to be a pilot.
Young, Millicent “Millie.”“WASP Homecoming Interview.” Personal Interview. 28 May 2016.
She told us about towing aerial targets behind her plane for male student pilots to shoot at before heading overseas to fly in combat missions. She explained how chalk was used to mark where they shot. She said some women were shot down during these training exercises but she was not afraid because of the thrill of flying. She insisted that we needed to become pilots.
Wilkinson, Beverly. "Beverly Wilkinson: An Oral History/Interviewed by Tracey MacGowan." Interviewed by Tracey McGowan. 03 Oct. 2012: Print.
This oral history of Beverly Wilkinson gives a detailed account of her life before, during and after being a WASP.
Oral History Collection
Anita B. Bronken Matthew Collection (AFC/2001/001/79432), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Anita Matthew, a member of WASP, provided us with insight on the ferrying program and the types of planes she flew.
Ann B. Carl Collection (AFC/2001/001/06517), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress
This interview of Ann Carl, a member of WASP, provided us with insight on the ferrying program and the types of planes she flew.
Annelle H. Henderson Bulecheck Collection (AFC/2001/001/08083), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Annelle Bulechek explains the roles of Nancy Love, Eleanor Roosevelt, General Arnold and Jackie Cochran for establishing this program. She explains that 12,000 women applied. This helped us with the exchange and exploration portion of our exhibit.
Barbara Hart Kennedy Collection (AFC/2001/001/31769), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Barbara Kennedy discusses how the men were unsure of accepting women as pilots but that many welcomed them. She discusses how she was stationed in one place as a test pilot. She discusses the danger of an inverted spin, her most frightening experience.
Barbara Jane Manchester Robinson Collection (AFC/2001/001/08513), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Barbara Robinson, a member of WASP, provided us with insight on the WASP program.
Barbara Poole Shoemaker Collection (AFC/2001/001/15378), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Barbara Shoemaker provided insight on the training and problems they encountered as WASP.
Beverly Jeanne Dietrich Wilkinson Collection (AFC/2001/001/64391), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview with Beverly Wilkinson, a member of WASP, provided us with insight on her duties as a WASP.
Catherine V. Vail Bridge Collection (AFC/2001/001/34158), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Catherine Bridge flew over 1,000 hours doing ferrying work all over the United States. She also discusses the disappointment when the WASP were disbanded.
Doris B. Nathan Collection (AFC/2001/001/46225), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Doris Nathan’s discusses how she became part of the WASP. She was a teacher before she became a WASP. This helped us with the exchange portion of our board.
Dorothy Dodd Eppstein Collection (AFC/2001/001/46207), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Dorothy Eppstein’s accounts as a WASP helped us understand why they joined and the thrill of flying.
Eileen Wright Ferguson Collection (AFC/2001/001/07209), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Eileen Ferguson discusses why she joined the WASP and how she wanted to be able to help serve her country. She also discusses the fight for veteran’s rights.
Elaine Danforth Harmon Collection (AFC/2001/001/30070), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
In this interview of Elaine Harmon, a member of WASP, she recalls how controversial the idea of women flying during wartime was and how that prevented the WASP from gaining full military status before they were deactivated.
Eleanor Lillian Feeley Lawry Collection (AFC/2001/001/56162), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Eleanor Lawry’s interviewed gave us information on the training at Sweetwater, Texas.
Elizabeth Pfister Collection (AFC/2001/001/60779), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Betty Pfister gives an account of her experiences as a WASP. She discusses how she got her pilot’s license and what made her join. She explains that she left college early to join the WASP. She also discusses the role as a ferrying pilot and what it was like to travel across country. This helped us with the exploration portion of our board.
Elizabeth Wall Strohfus Collection (AFC/2001/001/10254), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Elizabeth Strohfus discusses the requirements for becoming a member of the WASP.
Ethel Meyer Finley Collection (AFC/2001/001/24653), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Ethel Finley was a member of WASP. She discusses the various jobs that she had as a WASP from test piloting planes that were repaired to training pilots as part of a squadron of male instructors.
Evelyn Lucille Laesch Farley Collection (AFC/2001/001/27795), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Evelyn Farley’s interview gave us further insight of the number of planes they were prepared to fly.
Gayle Dora Bevis Reed Collection (AFC/2001/001/51305), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
In Gayle Reed’s interview we learned about the perspective of the male pilots from WWII. She married another pilot who was “envious of the variety of planes she was assigned to fly.”
Helen M. Wyatt Snapp Collection (AFC/2001/001/78970), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Helen Snapp’s interview with Michael Yates details her experiences as a WASP and what it was like for women after the program was disbanded.
Iris C. Cummings Critchell Collection (AFC/2001/001/30762), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Iris Critchell’s interview was very helpful for understanding the training, assignments and planes that the women flew.
Jane A. La Mar Collection (AFC/2001/001/26610), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Jane La Mar, a member of WASP, provided us with insight on the program and the types of planes they flew.
Jane Dyde Miller Collection (AFC/2001/001/78137), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Jane Miller discusses the fountain at Avenger Field and how the WASP threw pennies in for good luck before a flight and how they were dunked in the fountain. She also discusses the lack of uniforms and how the wore zoot suits, overalls. They wore khaki tan pants and white blouse as a uniform at first.
Jeannette I. Kappus Collection (AFC/2001/001/50002), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Jeannette Kappus, a member of WASP, provided us with insight on the WASP program and the assignments that were given after graduation.
Julie Jenner Schwartz Stege Collection (AFC/2001/001/66319), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview provided us with information on Ms. Stege’s experiences as a WASP and her duties.
Kathryn A. Gibbons Todd Collection (AFC/2001/001/34781), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Kathryn Todd discusses what it was like to return home after the WASP program was disbanded.
Leona M. Golbinec Zimmer Collection (AFC/2001/001/23299), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Leona Zimmer, a member of WASP, provided us with insight on the program.
Lorraine Z. Rodgers Collection (AFC/2001/001/05808), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Lorraine Rodgers discusses the various jobs WASP had, the hours they flew (66 million) and that they flew 7 days a week. She also explains that 38 WASP died, thirteen of which died in the field that she had to bail out of a plane and survived.
Lucile D. Wise Collection (AFC/2001/001/72062), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Lucile Wise discusses what it was like during that time as a women and the requirements for being accepted in the WASP program, her training and her assignment.
Madelon Hill Collection (AFC/2001/001/44198), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Madelon Hill discusses her job as an instrument instructor.
Margaret Ray Ringenberg Collection (AFC/2001/001/54281), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Margaret Ringenberg’s interview, a member of WASP, provided us with insight on what it was like after the WASP program was disbanded.
Marguerite Killen Collection (AFC/2001/001/69509), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Marguerite Killen discusses how the airforce was not established at that time and that they were under the Army Air Corps.
Marion Foster Stegeman Hodgson Collection (AFC/2001/001/50471), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Marion Hodgson discusses her training at Sweetwater and discusses how the WASP did not have uniforms at the beginning and how they had to buy their own uniforms.
Marjorie Ellfeldt Rees Collection (AFC/2001/001/09593), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Marjorie Rees discusses her six month training and planes she was trained on, about six to eight. She was in the first class of 1944. She discusses what it was like to be trained the “army” way.
Marylyn E. Myers Peyton Collection (AFC/2001/001/31049), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Marylyn Peyton discusses the training in detail and how there were three sections, primary, basic and advanced.
Maud B. Banks Duke Collection (AFC/2001/001/71843), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Maud Banks interview was helpful for the exploration and encounter portion of our board. We were able to see the dangers associated with flying.
Mildred Darlene Tuttle Axton Collection (AFC/2001/001/10290), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Mildred “Micky” Axton , a member of WASP, helped us understand how these women left behind family to pursue the WASP program. Micky had an infant who her mother had taken care of but had to resign from the program when her mother became ill and couldn’t take care of the baby anymore.
Mildred Davidson Inks Dalrymple Collection (AFC/2001/001/30401), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview provided us with insight on the ferrying program and the type of planes she flew.
Nancye R. Lowe Crout Collection (AFC/2001/001/28904), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Nancye Crout, provided us with insight on the WASP and the rigors of the training program.
Nell S. Stevenson Bright Collection (AFC/2001/001/60871), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Nell Bright, a WASP, provided us with an account of why she wanted to join the WASP and the recruitment process.
Pearl Brummett Judd Collection (AFC/2001/001/07191), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview was helpful for understanding why the women joined the WASP.
Phyllis Tobias Felker Collection (AFC/2001/001/30069), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Phyllis Felker discusses what it was like in a day as a WASP. She explains that after graduation the women could fill out a slip to request where they would be assigned. Sometimes they were lucky enough to get the one they requested. She was a ferrying pilot.
Sara P. Hayden Collection (AFC/2001/001/18078), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Sra Hayden’s interview gives an account of her training and the different assignments that could be assigned.
Thelma Miller Collection (AFC/2001/001/03954), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Thelma Miller discusses how she was assigned to Mission Airforce Base as a ferrying pilot. She didn’t get to serve long because she was in one of the last classes before the program was disbanded. She also discusses other jobs that WASP.
V. Scott Bradley Gough Collection (AFC/2001/001/48922), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview showed us the dangers that WASP encountered in flight. She had a close call while flying in a flying formation and when the weather closed in a plane in front of her caused her to spin and she had to rely on instruments and her training to help her out.
Violet Clara Thurn Cowden Collection (AFC/2001/001/18240), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
This interview of Violet Cowden, a member of WASP, provided us with insight on the WASP program and was helpful for understanding their roles as civilian pilots.
Virginia Hill Wood Collection (AFC/2001/001/12670), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Virginia Wood discusses what training was like and what it meant to be washed out of the program. She discussed the rigor of the training program.
Virginia Shannon Malany Meloney Collection (AFC/2001/001/68886), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Virginia Meloney’s interview was very helpful for our exhibit. We gained insight on what a day was like for the WASP.
Museums
1940 Air Terminal Museum. 12 Dec. 2015. Houston, TX.
We visited this museum to learn more about the WASP and to view artifacts of WASP members. This was one of the locations that WASP members were trained. We were also given a tour which allowed us to look at the design of planes, including the rivets, to help us design the look of our board.
The National WASP WWII Museum. 13. Feb. 2016 and 28 May 2016. Sweetwater, Texas.
Our visit to the National WASP WWII Museum in Sweetwater, Texas allowed us to observe artifacts, one of the original hangers and the fountain the graduates were dunked in. We were given a tour by the museum coordinator and were able to take pictures next to a WWII aircraft. When we attended in May for the WASP Homecoming we were able to interview 13 of the WASP that were in attendance.
Photographs
B-17 Pilots at Lockbourne AAB. 1943. Photograph. Women of World War II. Women of World War II. Web. 2 Jan. 2016.
We used this photograph on the exploration portion of the board. It shows 17 of the 18 WASP B-17 pilots at Lockbourne AAB, Columbus, OH.
Betty Taylor Wood. 1943. Photograph. Wings Across America, Waco, Texas. Wings Across America. Web. 2 Jan. 2016.
We used this photograph of Betty Taylor Wood on our exhibit under the encounter portion. She was killed in the crash landing of an A-24 attack bomber, September 23, 1943. It was suspected that her plane was sabotaged with sugar in the gas tank.
Class 77-08. 1977. Photograph. U.S. Airforce. This Day in Aviation. Web. 2 Jan. 2016.
We used this photograph under the encounter portion of our exhibit. This photograph is of The first 10 female officers to graduate from the Air Force Undergraduate Pilot Training Program, Class 77-08. The news reported that they were the first to fly military aircraft and this upset the WASP.
Cornelia Fort. 1942. Photograph. Wings Across America, Waco, Texas. Wings Across America. Web. 2 Jan. 2015.
We used this photograph of Cornelia Fort under the encounter portion of our exhibit. We wanted to show the danger that the women encountered. Fort was the first woman pilot to lose her life while ferrying a military aircraft for her country.
Four WASP Pilots in Front of a Cessna UC-78 Bobcat Aircraft. 1944. Photograph. Wings Across America, Waco, Texas. Wings Across America. Web. 2 Jan. 2016.
We used this photograph on the exploration portion of our exhibit. Deanie Parrish, sitting on aircraft wing, smiles with other members of the Women Air Force.
Jackie and Hap at Wasp Graduation. 1943. Photograph. Wings Across America, Waco, Texas. Wings Across America. Web. 2 Jan. 2016.
We used this photograph of General Hap Arnold under the exploration portion of our exhibit. This photograph was taken at a WASP graduation in 1943. General Arnold was a big supporter of the WASP.
Jacqueline Cochran. Photograph. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Washington. Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum. Web. 31 Dec. 2015.
We used this picture on our exhibit to show the contributions Jackie Cochran made to the WASP program.
Nancy Love. Photograph. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Washington. Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum. Web. 31 Dec. 2015.
We used this picture of Nancy Love on our exhibit to show her contributions to the WASP program.
WASP Graduation at Avenger Field. 1943. Photograph. Women of World War II. Women of World War II. Web. 2 Jan. 2016.
We used this photograph under the exploration portion of our board. This photograph shows the pass in review at WASP graduation at Avenger Field.
The WASP. 1944. Photograph. National Air and Space Museum Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum. Web. 27 Dec. 2015. We used this picture under the exchange portion of our exhibit to show the women pilots with the plane, "Pistol Packin' Mama," at the four-engine school at Lockbourne AAF, Ohio, during WASP ferry training B-17 Flying Fortress.
Artifact
[Aviation Goggles from World War II]. [c. 1940’s]. Early MKII Pilot goggles with clear lens and 2 pc gray cushions. Commemorative Air Force, Dallas, Texas.
Secondary Sources
Books
Cole, Jean Hascall. Women Pilots of World War II. Salt Lake City: U of Utah, 1992. Print.
This book gives an oral history of forty-nine members of class 44-W-2. This gave us insight to how the women trained and the various duties they had. We used quotes from this book for our exhibit. We also found pictures that we will use.
Haynsworth, Leslie, and David M. Toomey. Amelia Earhart's Daughters: The Wild and Glorious Story of American Women Aviators from World War II to the Dawn of the Space Age. New York: William Morrow, 1998. Print.
This book gave us some helpful quotes for our board and had photographs that we will use on our exhibit. It gave the history of female pilots, going back to Amelia Earhart and led to Jacqueline Cochran's role in helping female pilots.
Keil, Sally Van Wagenen. Those Wonderful Women in Their Flying Machines: The Unknown Heroines of World War II. New York: Rawson, Wade, 1979. Print.
This book also provided useful quotes to help tell the story of the WASP on our exhibit. We also found photographs that we intend to use on our board.
Langley, Wanda. Flying Higher: The Women Airforce Service Pilots of World War II. North Haven, CT: Linnet, 2002. Print.
This book went into great detail about the daily schedule and expectations of the female pilots. We also learned about the motto at Avenger Field and will use the motto on our board. "We live in the wind and the sand...and our eyes are on the stars."
Moss, Marissa, and Carl Angel. Sky High: The True Story of Maggie Gee. Berkeley: Tricycle, 2009. Print.
This book tells the story of Maggie Gee, one of the only two Chinese American service pilots in World War II. It tells about her love for flying ever since she was little.
Nathan, Amy. Yankee Doodle Gals: Women Pilots of World War II. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2001. Print.
This book gave the history of how the WASP were formed and the people who helped organize it, such as Jacqueline Cochran. We learned about Fifi the WASP mascot. We decided to have a decal made of Fifi to put on our exhibit. We also go other ideas for the design of our board from this book.
Noggle, Anne. For God, Country, and the Thrill of It: Women Airforce Service Pilots in World War II: Photographic Portraits and Text. College Station: Texas A & M UP, 1990. Print. This book provided us with background information and pictures of some of the female pilots. We learned about what happened to many of them afterwards. This book showed them at a reunion that we will use for the exhibit. We also used a quote from this book from Anne Noggle.
Rickman, Sarah Byrn. Nancy Love and the WASP Ferry Pilots of World War II. Denton, TX: U of North Texas, 2008. Print.
We learned about the contributions of Nancy Love from this book. Love established the WAFS, the Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD), and the WASP. Love's role has been overshadowed by Cochran's but she was equally important in helping female pilots.
Stallman, David. Women in the Wild Blue: Target-towing WASP at Camp Davis. Sugarcreek, OH: Carlisle Printing, 2006. Print.
This book gives an account of the WASP that were stationed at Camp Davis during WWII. This book gave us information about the archives of the WASP being located at Texas Woman's University. This lead us to contact the university to obtain records.
Weigand, Cindy J. Texas Women in World War II. Lanham, MD: Republic of Texas, 2003. Print. This book told the inspiring stories of many women who served during WWII in various capacities. Pages 179-223 covered six WASPs who now live in Texas. We used a quote from Eleanor Roosevelt in this book.
Verges, Marianne. On Silver Wings: The Women Airforce Service Pilots of World War II, 1942-1944. New York: Ballantine, 1991. Print.
This book gives a detailed account of how the WASP organization was formed and merged with WAFS. It also helped us understand how they were trained and the various parts of the organization from being ferry pilots to towing targets. We learned about the roles of women during that time and how they faced obstacles to change the social view of women. We were also impressed by how many types of planes they learned to fly, while some men didn't know how to fly that many.
Articles
Brunker, Mike. “On the Horizon: Female WWII Pilots Closer to Gaining Entry to Arlington Cemetery.” NBC News. 3 April 2016. Web. 25 April 2016.
We used this website in our research to find out the latest on the conflict with Arlington Cemetery. WASP were given the right to place their ashes there in 2002 but in 2015 the decision was made that they could no longer do that because they were not on active duty. Legislation in both houses is being voted on. Congress passed it but now it is up to the Senate.
Fox, Margalit. "Violet Cowden, 94; Flew Military Planes for War Effort." New York Times: 22. ProQuest Historical Newspapers [ProQuest]. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
This article discusses the life and contributions of Violet Cowden. It gives a history of the WASP program. It mentioned a documentary that lead us to look for the documentary.
Shane, Leo. “House Votes to Allow Arlington Interments for Female WWII Pilots.” Military Times. 22 March 2016. Web. 25 April 2016.
We used this website in our research to find out the latest on the conflict with Arlington Cemetery. This article explained that the house lawmakers “overwhelmingly” approved (vote 385 to 0) legislation on March 22nd to allow WASP to be interred at Arlington National Cemetery, reversing Army official’s’ orders. This was the first step in the process. Now the senate has to vote on it but there is no date scheduled for that.
Documentary
Fly Girls. Dir. Laurel Ladeveich. American Experience, 1999. DVD.
This documentary also gave a detailed history and account of the WASP program and the challenges the women faced. It gave information about how many joined and died. It also tells of their fight for 30 years to be recognized as veterans. We were able to view footage from home movies and interviews from the pilots.
We Served Too: The Story of the Women Airforce Service Pilots of World War II. Dir. Jill Bond. Virtual Advisor Productions, 2013. DVD.
This documentary brought the story to life for us and gave us ideas on how we wanted to tell the story of the WASP on our exhibit. We were able to see the women in training and where they trained.
Women Airforce Service Pilots of World War II. Perf. Deanie Parish and Jenny Cobb. C-. C-SPAN, 2 Dec. 2014. Web. 29 Dec. 2015.
This video shows the exhibit, “Fly Girls of WW II: Changing the Face of World War II," which was on display at the Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum in Austin, Texas. We saw this display when we were at the state history fair last year but the interview of Deanie Parrish brought the display to life for us. Jenny Cobb, the exhibit assistant, also helped us understand what battles the women had as WASP and for the battle 30 years later to be recognized.
Interviews
Lewis, Albert Z. Telephone interview. 15 Nov. 2015.
Mr. Lewis is the son of Dorthy Lewis, a former WASP. His mother designed the statue that is located at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Our interview with Mr. Lewis was very helpful. He gave us information about the reunions the WASP have each year. He also gave us contact information for Texas Women's University that led us to contact Katherine Landdeck.
Miller, Erin. “Granddaughter of Elaine Harmon and the Fight with Congress.” Personal
Interview. 28 May 2016.
We interview Ms. Miller to discuss her lobbying efforts to get the right for WASP to have their ashes inurned at Arlington Cemetery. Her battle began when Arlington reversed their policy of allowing WASP to place their ashes at Arlington Cemetery. On May 20, 2016 Obama signed the bill allowing them to do so.
Mau, Christine. “Interview with a current female pilot.” Personal Interview. 28 May 2016.
Our interview with Lieutenant Colonel Christine Mau allowed us to get her perspective of the WASP and their role to help future female pilots. She stated that the WASP paved the way for women to fly planes. She also discussed advances for women in the air force. She explained that the fifth generation planes are still not equipped for the female anatomy.
Orr, Russ. "An Interview at the 1940's Air Terminal." Personal interview. 12 Dec. 2015.
Our interview with Russ Orr was very helpful in understanding women's roles in the 1940's. Mr. Orr was able to show us where women trained in Houston (Aviation Enterprises) in World War II. He also showed us planes and we were able to see the rivets that gave us an inspiration to do rivets on our exhibit. Mr. Orr also gave us some contacts to try to obtain some more information on the WASP.
Museums
Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum. 30 April. 2016. Austin, TX.
We visited this museum to learn more about the WASP and we were able to view a Santiago blue uniform of the WASP members.
National Air and Space Museum. 11 June 2016. Washington, D.C.
We visited this museum to learn more about the WASP and to view artifacts of WASP members.
Websites
"WASP Museum." WASP Museum RSS. Web. 30 Oct. 2015.
This website not only gives information on the museum but contains photos and gives the history of the WASPS.
"WASP WWII HOME." WASP WWII HOME. Web. 18 Dec. 2015.
This website gave valuable information on the WASP. We obtained Cockpit Procedures, Class lists and other helpful information.
“Wings Across America.” Web. 30 Oct. 2015.
This website has so much information and other links to more resources. It was useful for our exhibit for pictures, timelines, and quotes. It has information on WASP who have passed away and videos of interviews. This website was created by Nancy Parrish, the daughter of Deanie Parrish, a WASP.
"Women Airforce Service Pilots." Women Airforce Service Pilots. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.
This is the database from Texas Women's University that keeps all the archives for the WASP. We were able to obtain pictures and records from this website.
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