TABLE A-10—CONVERSION FACTORS USEFUL IN PHASE BEHAVIOR ...

TABLE A-10--CONVERSION FACTORS USEFUL IN PHASE BEHAVIOR (from Ref. 3)

To Convert From Area

acre (acre) darcy (darcy)

square foot (ft2)

hectare (ha) square mile (sq mile) Density gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)

pound-mass per cubic foot (lbm/ft3)

pound-mass per gallon (lbm/gal) Force

dyne (dyne) kilogram-force (kgf) pound-force (lbf) Length

To

square meter (m2)* square foot (ft2) square meter (m2)* square centimeter (cm2) square micrometer (mm2) millidarcy (md) cm2-cp@sec*1@atm*1 square meter (m2)* square centimeter (cm2) square inch (in.2) square meter (m2)* acre square meter (m2)* acre

kilogram/cubic meter (kg/m3)* pound-mass/cubic foot (lbm/ft3) pound-mass/gallon (lbm/gal) pound-mass/barrel (lbm/bbl) kilogram/cubic meter (kg/m3)* pound-mass/gallon (lbm/gal) pound-mass/barrel (lbm/bbl) kilogram/cubic meter (kg/m3)* pound-mass/barrel (lbm/bbl)

newton (N)* pound-force (lbf) newton (N)* pound-force (lbf) newton (N)*

Multiply By

4.046 856 4.356 000**

9.869 23 9.869 23 9.869 23 1.000 000** 1.000 000**

9.290 304** 9.290 304** 1.440 000**

1.000 000** 2.471 054

2.589 988 6.400 000**

E + 03 E + 04

E ? 13 E ? 09 E ? 01 E + 03 E + 00

E ? 02 E + 02 E + 02

E + 04 E + 00

E + 06 E + 02

1.000 000** 6.242 797 8.345 405 3.505 070

1.601 846 1.336 805 5.614 583

1.198 264 4.200 000

E + 03 E + 01 E + 00 E + 02

E + 01 E ? 01 E + 00

E + 02 E + 01

1.000 000** 2.248 089

9.806 650** 2.204 622

4.448 222

E ? 05 E ? 06

E + 00 E + 00

E + 00

Inverse

2.471 054 2.295 684

1.013 25 1.013 25 1.013 25 1.000 000** 1.000 000**

1.076 391 1.076 391 6.944 444

1.000 000** 4.046 856

3.861 022 1.562 500**

E ? 04 E ? 05

E + 12 E + 08 E + 00 E ? 03 E + 00

E + 01 E ? 03 E ? 03

E ? 04 E ? 01

E ? 07 E ? 03

1.000 000** 1.601 846 1.198 264 2.853 010

6.242 797 7.480 520 1.781 076

8.345 406 2.380 952

E ? 03 E ? 02 E ? 01 E ? 03

E ? 02 E + 00 E ? 01

E ? 03 E ? 02

1.000 000** 4.448 222

1.019 716 4.535 924

2.248 089

E + 05 E + 05

E ? 01 E ? 01

E ? 01

angstrom (?)

meter (m)*

centimeter (cm)

meter (m)*

foot (ft)

meter (m)* centimeter (cm)

inch (in.)

meter (m)* centimeter (cm)

micron (mm)

meter (m)*

mile (U.S. statute)

meter (m)* foot

*SI conversions. All quantities are current to SI standards as of 1974.

**Conversion factor is exact and all following digits are zero. All other factors have been rounded. The notation E + 03 is used in place of 103, and so on.

1.000 000**

1.000 000**

3.048 000** 3.048 000** 2.540 000** 2.540 000** 1.000 000**

1.609 344** 5.280 000**

E ? 10

E ? 02

E ? 01 E + 01 E ? 02 E + 00 E ? 06

E + 03 E + 03

1.000 000**

1.000 000**

3.280 840 3.280 840 3.937 008 3.937 008 1.000 000**

6.213 712 1.893 939

E + 10

E + 02

E + 00 E ? 02 E + 01 E ? 01 E + 06

E ? 04 E ? 04

PROPERTY TABLES AND UNITS

7

TABLE A-10 (continued)--CONVERSION FACTORS USEFUL IN PHASE BEHAVIOR (from Ref. 3)

To Convert From

To

Multiply By

Inverse

Mass

gram-mass ounce-mass (avoirdupois)

pound-mass

slug

ton (U.S. short)

ton (U.S. long)

ton (metric) tonne Pressure

kilogram (kg)*

kilogram (kg)* gram (g)

kilogram (kg)* ounce-mass

kilogram (kg)* pound-mass (lbm)

kilogram (kg)* pound-mass (lbm)

kilogram (kg)* pound-mass (lbm)

kilogram (kg)*

kilogram (kg)*

1.000 000** E ? 03

2.834 952 2.834 952

E ? 02 E + 01

4.535 923 7** E ? 01 1.600 000** E + 01

1.459 390 3.217 405

E + 01 E + 01

9.071 847 E + 02 2.000 000** E + 03

1.016 047 E + 03 2.240 000** E + 03

1.000 000** E + 03

1.000 000** E + 03

1.000 000**

3.527 397 3.527 397

2.204 623 6.250 000**

6.852 178 3.108 095

1.102 311 5.000 000**

9.842 064 4.464 286

1.000 000**

1.000 000**

E + 03

E + 01 E ? 02

E + 00 E ? 02

E ? 02 E ? 02

E ? 03 E ? 04

E ? 04 E ? 04

E ? 03

E ? 03

atmosphere (atm) (Normal is 760 mm Hg)

pascal (Pa)* mm Hg (0?C) feet water (4?C) pound-force/square inch (psi) bar

1.013 25 7.600 000** 3.389 95 1.469 60 1.013 25

E + 05 E + 02 E + 01 E + 01 E + 00

9.869 23 1.315 789 2.949 90 6.804 60 9.869 23

E ? 06 E ? 03 E ? 02 E ? 02 E ? 01

bar (bar) centimeter of Hg (32?F) dyne/square centimeter (dyne/cm2) feet of water (39.2?F) kilogram-force/square centimeter

pound-force/inch2 (psi) Time

pascal (Pa)* pound-force/square inch (psi)

pascal (Pa)* pound-force/square inch (psi)

pascal (Pa)* pound force/square inch (psi)

pascal (Pa)* pound force/square inch (psi)

pascal (Pa)* bar pound force/square inch (psi)

pascal (Pa)*

1.000 000** 1.450 377

1.333 22 1.933 67

1.000 000** 1.450 377

2.988 98 4.335 15

9.806 650** 9.806 650** 1.422 334

6.894 757

E + 05 E + 01

E + 03 E ? 01

E ? 01 E ? 05

E + 03 E ? 01

E + 04 E ? 01 E + 01

E + 03

1.000 000** 6.894 757

7.500 64 5.171 51

1.000 000** 6.894 757

3.345 62 2.306 73

1.019 716 1.019 716 7.030 695

1.450 377

E ? 05 E ? 02

E ? 04 E + 00

E + 01 E + 04

E ? 04 E + 00

E ? 05 E + 00 E ? 02

E ? 04

day (d)

second (s)* minute (min) hour (h)

hour (h)

second (s)* minute (min)

minute (min)

second (s)*

*SI conversions. All quantities are current to SI standards as of 1974.

**Conversion factor is exact and all following digits are zero. All other factors have been rounded. The notation E + 03 is used in place of 103, and so on.

8.640 000** 1.440 000** 2.400 000**

3.600 000** 6.000 000**

6.000 000**

E + 04 E + 03 E + 01

E + 03 E + 01

E + 01

1.157 407 6.944 444 4.166 667

2.777 778 1.666 667

1.666 667

E ? 05 E ? 04 E ? 02

E ? 04 E ? 02

E ? 02

8

PHASE BEHAVIOR

TABLE A-10 (continued)--CONVERSION FACTORS USEFUL IN PHASE BEHAVIOR (from Ref. 3)

To Convert From

To

Viscosity

centipoise (cp)

pascal-second (Pa@s)* dyne-second/square centimeter

(dyne-s/cm2) pound-mass/foot-second (lbm/ft-sec) pound-force-second/square foot

(lbf-sec/ft2) pound-mass/foot-hour (lbm/ft-hr)

centistoke (cSt)

square meter/second (m2/s)*

centipoise/gram-cubic centimeter (cp/g-cm3)

poise

pascal-second (Pa@s)*

pound-mass/foot-second (lbm/ft-sec) pascal-second (Pa@s)*

pound-mass/foot-hour (lbm/ft-hr)

pascal-second (Pa@s)*

pound-force-second/square foot (lbf-sec/ft2)

pascal-second (Pa@s)*

Volume

acre-foot (acre-ft) barrel (bbl)

cubic meter (m3)* cubic foot (ft3) barrel (bbl)

cubic meter (m3)* cubic foot (ft3) gallon (gal)

cubic foot (ft3)

cubic meter (m3)* cubic inch (in.3)

gallon (gal)

gallon (gal)

cubic meter (m3)* cubic inch (in.3)

liter (L)

cubic meter (m3)*

Volumetric rate

barrel/day (B/D)

cubic meter/second (m3/s)* cubic meter/hour (m3/h) cubic meter/day (m3/d) cubic centimeter/second (cm3/s) cubic foot/minute (ft3/min)

gallon/minute (gal/min)

cubic foot/minute (ft3/min)

cubic meter/second (m3/s)*

cubic foot/second (ft3/sec)

cubic meter/second (m3/s)*

gallon/minute (gal/min)

cubic meter/second (m3/s)*

*SI conversions. All quantities are current to SI standards as of 1974.

**Conversion factor is exact and all following digits are zero. All other factors have been rounded. The notation E + 03 is used in place of 103, and so on.

Multiply By

1.000 000** E ? 03 1.000 000** E ? 02 6.719 689 E ? 04 2.088 543 E ? 05 2.419 088 E + 00

1.000 000** E ? 06 1.000 000** E + 00

1.000 000** E ? 01 1.488 164 E + 00 4.133 789 E ? 04 4.788 026 E + 01

1.233 482 E + 03 4.356 000** E + 04 7.758 368 E + 03

1.589 873 E ? 01 5.614 583 E + 00 4.200 000** E + 01

2.831 685 1.728 000 7.480 520

E ? 02 E + 03 E + 00

3.785 412 E ? 03 2.310 001 E + 02

1.000 000** E ? 03

1.840 131 6.624 472 1.589 873 1.840 131 3.899 016 2.916 667

4.719 474

2.831 685

6.309 020

E ? 06 E ? 03 E ? 01 E + 00 E ? 03 E ? 02

E ? 04

E ? 02

E ? 05

Inverse

1.000 000** E + 03 1.000 000** E + 02 1.488 164 E + 03 4.788 026 E + 04 4.133 789 E ? 01

1.000 000** E + 06 1.000 000** E + 00

1.000 000** E + 01 6.719 689 E ? 01 2.419 088 E + 03 2.088 543 E ? 02

8.107 131 2.295 684 1.288 931

E ? 04 E ? 05 E ? 04

6.289 811 1.781 076 2.380 952

E + 00 E ? 01 E ? 02

3.531 466 5.787 037 1.336 805

E + 01 E ? 04 E ? 01

2.641 720 E + 02 4.329 003 E ? 03

1.000 000** E + 03

5.434 396 1.509 554 6.289 810 5.434 396 2.564 750 3.428 571

2.118 880

3.531 466

1.585 032

E + 05 E + 02 E + 00 E ? 01 E + 02 E + 01

E + 03

E + 01

E + 04

PROPERTY TABLES AND UNITS

9

TABLE A-11--ADDITIONAL CONVERSION FACTORS USEFUL IN PHASE BEHAVIOR

To Convert From Amount of substance

To

Multiply By

Inverse

mole (mol)

kilomole (kmol)

Diffusivity square centimeter/second (cm2/s)

Surface tension milliNewton/meter (mN/m)

Energy British thermal unit (Btu)

*Conversion factor is exact.

pound-mass mole (lbm mol) gram mole (gmol) kilomole (kmol) mole (gmol) gram mole (gmol) pound-mass mole (lbm mol)

square meter/second (m2/s) square millimeter/second (mm2/s) square foot/second (ft2/sec) square foot/hour (ft2/hr)

dyne/centimeter (dyne/cm)

kiloJoule (kJ) calorie (cal) kilocalorie (kcal) erg

2.204 623 1.000 000* 1.000 000* 1.000 000* 1.000 000* 4.535 923

1.000 000* 1.000 000* 1.076 390 3.875 000

1.000 000*

1.055 056 2.521 640 2.521 640 1.055 056

E + 03 E + 00 E ? 03 E + 03 E + 03 E ? 01

4.535 923 1.000 000* 1.000 000* 1.000 000* 1.000 000* 2.204 623

E ? 04 E + 02 E ? 03 E + 00

1.000 000* 1.000 000* 9.290 304 2.580 640

E + 00 1.000 000*

E + 00 E + 02 E ? 01 E + 10

9.478 160 3.965 660 3.965 660 9.478 160

E ? 04 E + 00 E + 03 E ? 03 E ? 03 E + 00

E + 04 E ? 02 E + 02 E ? 01

E + 00

E ? 01 E ? 03 E + 00 E ? 11

References

1. Nagy, Z. and Shirkovskiy, A.I.: "Mathematical Simulation of Natural Gas Condensation Processes Using the Peng-Robinson Equation of State," paper SPE 10982 presented at the 1982 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 26?29 September.

2. Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., and Polling, B.E.: The Properties of Gases and Liquids, fourth edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York City (1987).

3. Earlougher, R.C. Jr.: Advances in Well Test Analysis, SPE Monograph Series, SPE, Richardson, Texas (1977) 5.

10

PHASE BEHAVIOR

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