HS 325 : Ch
HS 325 : Ch. 14, 15 & 16
Physical Activity and Fitness Enhancement
Quick Review :
What are the 4 components of perceptual motor learning?
Wed, Oct. 18: Reserve Articles 4 & 5
MEET IN THE GYM DRESSED FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY!
Wed, Oct. 25: Test #2 Review Sheet will be posted online
Due Wed, Nov. 1: Article Summary (rubric posted online)
Components of Perceptual Motor Learning
Grouped according to the perceptual motor qualities they enhance
Body Awareness
Spatial Awareness
Directional Awareness
Temporal Awareness
Physical Activity and Fitness Enhancement
Ch. 14 Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Ch. 15 Strength and Flexibility
Ch. 16 Body Composition
Skillful Movers
Individuals who move with
Control
Efficiency
Coordination
….in the performance of fundamental or specialized movement tasks
Physical Fitness
Health -Related
Improved quality of life
Lower risk of illness
Not directly related to
athletic skill
Performance (Skill)- Related
Closely related to athletic skill
Influenced by practice, skill development, and genetic predisposition
Health Related Fitness Components
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Cardiovascular Endurance
Joint Flexibility
Body Composition
Performance-Related Fitness Components
Balance
Coordination
Agility
Speed of Movement
Reaction Time ~ Movement time
Power
Training Principles of Fitness Development
Crucial in the development and maintenance of fitness
Overload
Specificity
Progression
Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Anaerobic: Without Oxygen
Vigorous, but short duration
Aerobic: With Oxygen
Less Vigorous but sustained
Developmental changes in Anaerobic Performance Chart p. 235
Anerobic Performance improves steadily with age and growth:
Body Size Increases (fat-free muscle mass and muscle size)
Increased glycogen content in muscles
Increased phosphate concentrations
Developmental changes in Aerobic Performance
Key terms:
Hemoglobin- Protein in the blood that carries oxygen
Hypokinetic Circulation- Cardiac output less than an adult’s
Cardiac Output: Product of stroke volume and heart rate
Maximum Oxygen Uptake: Highest amount of O2 the body can consume during aerobic ex.
Cardiac output increases with age/growth
Refer to chart on p. 238 Text
Key Developmental Factors:
Smaller hearts =‘s faster heart rate but less cardiac output
Lower blood hemoglobin concentrations (affects oxygen-carrying capabilities)
Mobilize their aerobic systems faster than adults
Maxiumum O2 uptake is related to body size-
(lean body mass)
Endurance Training in Children
Refer to chart on p. 244
Response predictable in adults but NOT in children
Difficult to distinguish between increase in O2 uptake due to growth vs. training.
Children mature at different rates- ‘early maturers’
Aerobic Training on Prepubescent Children (pre-adolescents) Chart on P. 244
Control Group/Experimental Group
Activity was not associated with an increase in maximum 02 uptake (BEYOND the INCREASE DUE TO GROWTH)
Adolescents:
In adolescents activity WAS associated with an increase in maximum 02 intake (Beyond that due to growth)
WHY??!
What accounts for the difference?
Hormonal Levels
Hormonal Responses
High Activity Rates (outside of formal program)
(Fitness) Principle of Individuality
Each person improves their own level of fitness at his/her own rate.
- Environmental Circumstances
- Hereditary Characteristics
Implications for fitness testing based on normative standards
INFORMED Movers
Able to apply fitness concepts in their own lives
◄ Independent Exercisers
FITT Principal
Frequency~ Intensity~Time~Type
◄ Healthy Eaters
The NEW Food Guide Pyramid (vs. The ‘OLD’ Food Pyramid p. 93)
Eager Movers
Willingly participate in vigorous physical activity
The 4 C’s (Curt Hinson):
Choice
Challenge
Curiosity
Creativity
Active Movers- wide variety of activities
Playful Movers- give it a name and make it a game!
Partners with Parents
Reserve Article #5 A Big Rise in Injuries Among Young Athletes
Overuse (single sport vs.multiple sports)
Proper Technique
Protective Sports Equipment
Fitness level
Warmup- Cool down
Coaching Certification
Overuse Injuries in Children and Adolescents
Reserve article #6 The Physician and Sports Medicine
John Difiori, MD Jan, ‘99
Preventing Overuse
(Overuse) Red Flags
Rapid Growth
Inflexibility (muscle Imbalance)
Prior Injury
Inadequate Conditioning
Anatomic Misalignment
Too-rapid training progression
Inadequate Rest
Inappropriate equipment/footwear
Uneven or hard surfaces
Incorrect Sport Technique
Adult or Peer Pressure
Camouflaged Fitness!
CUSTOMIZE!
Design Age and Developmentally Appropriate Fitness Activities for each age group:
Primary
Elementary
Middle School
High School
Primary~Elem~MS~HS
Be ready to PLAY on Wednesday!
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