HS 325 : Ch



HS 325 : Ch. 14, 15 & 16

Physical Activity and Fitness Enhancement

Quick Review :

What are the 4 components of perceptual motor learning?

Wed, Oct. 18: Reserve Articles 4 & 5

MEET IN THE GYM DRESSED FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY!

Wed, Oct. 25: Test #2 Review Sheet will be posted online

Due Wed, Nov. 1: Article Summary (rubric posted online)

Components of Perceptual Motor Learning

Grouped according to the perceptual motor qualities they enhance

Body Awareness

Spatial Awareness

Directional Awareness

Temporal Awareness

Physical Activity and Fitness Enhancement

Ch. 14 Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Ch. 15 Strength and Flexibility

Ch. 16 Body Composition

Skillful Movers

Individuals who move with

Control

Efficiency

Coordination

….in the performance of fundamental or specialized movement tasks

Physical Fitness

Health -Related

Improved quality of life

Lower risk of illness

Not directly related to

athletic skill

Performance (Skill)- Related

Closely related to athletic skill

Influenced by practice, skill development, and genetic predisposition

Health Related Fitness Components

Muscular Strength

Muscular Endurance

Cardiovascular Endurance

Joint Flexibility

Body Composition

Performance-Related Fitness Components

Balance

Coordination

Agility

Speed of Movement

Reaction Time ~ Movement time

Power

Training Principles of Fitness Development

Crucial in the development and maintenance of fitness

Overload

Specificity

Progression

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Anaerobic: Without Oxygen

Vigorous, but short duration

Aerobic: With Oxygen

Less Vigorous but sustained

Developmental changes in Anaerobic Performance Chart p. 235

Anerobic Performance improves steadily with age and growth:

Body Size Increases (fat-free muscle mass and muscle size)

Increased glycogen content in muscles

Increased phosphate concentrations

Developmental changes in Aerobic Performance

Key terms:

Hemoglobin- Protein in the blood that carries oxygen

Hypokinetic Circulation- Cardiac output less than an adult’s

Cardiac Output: Product of stroke volume and heart rate

Maximum Oxygen Uptake: Highest amount of O2 the body can consume during aerobic ex.

Cardiac output increases with age/growth

Refer to chart on p. 238 Text

Key Developmental Factors:

Smaller hearts =‘s faster heart rate but less cardiac output

Lower blood hemoglobin concentrations (affects oxygen-carrying capabilities)

Mobilize their aerobic systems faster than adults

Maxiumum O2 uptake is related to body size-

(lean body mass)

Endurance Training in Children

Refer to chart on p. 244

Response predictable in adults but NOT in children

Difficult to distinguish between increase in O2 uptake due to growth vs. training.

Children mature at different rates- ‘early maturers’

Aerobic Training on Prepubescent Children (pre-adolescents) Chart on P. 244

Control Group/Experimental Group

Activity was not associated with an increase in maximum 02 uptake (BEYOND the INCREASE DUE TO GROWTH)

Adolescents:

In adolescents activity WAS associated with an increase in maximum 02 intake (Beyond that due to growth)

WHY??!

What accounts for the difference?

Hormonal Levels

Hormonal Responses

High Activity Rates (outside of formal program)

(Fitness) Principle of Individuality

Each person improves their own level of fitness at his/her own rate.

- Environmental Circumstances

- Hereditary Characteristics

Implications for fitness testing based on normative standards

INFORMED Movers

Able to apply fitness concepts in their own lives

◄ Independent Exercisers

FITT Principal

Frequency~ Intensity~Time~Type

◄ Healthy Eaters

The NEW Food Guide Pyramid (vs. The ‘OLD’ Food Pyramid p. 93)

Eager Movers

Willingly participate in vigorous physical activity

The 4 C’s (Curt Hinson):

Choice

Challenge

Curiosity

Creativity

Active Movers- wide variety of activities

Playful Movers- give it a name and make it a game!

Partners with Parents

Reserve Article #5 A Big Rise in Injuries Among Young Athletes

Overuse (single sport vs.multiple sports)

Proper Technique

Protective Sports Equipment

Fitness level

Warmup- Cool down

Coaching Certification

Overuse Injuries in Children and Adolescents

Reserve article #6 The Physician and Sports Medicine

John Difiori, MD Jan, ‘99

Preventing Overuse

(Overuse) Red Flags

Rapid Growth

Inflexibility (muscle Imbalance)

Prior Injury

Inadequate Conditioning

Anatomic Misalignment

Too-rapid training progression

Inadequate Rest

Inappropriate equipment/footwear

Uneven or hard surfaces

Incorrect Sport Technique

Adult or Peer Pressure

Camouflaged Fitness!

CUSTOMIZE!

Design Age and Developmentally Appropriate Fitness Activities for each age group:

Primary

Elementary

Middle School

High School

Primary~Elem~MS~HS

Be ready to PLAY on Wednesday!

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