PROJECTIONS



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PROJECTIONS

Conic – most accurate where the cone touches the globe. It is least accurate at the tip of the cone and where the cone does not touch the globe. It is used for maps that run from east to west in the middle latitudes (30 – 60 degrees N. & S.) US maps are usually conic.

Cylindrical – most accurate at the Equator. Most distorted at the Poles. It is used for navigation. Distance and direction are good.

Planar – also called azimuthal is most accurate at the center point. It is most distorted along the edge of the plane. It is usually used for maps of the Polar areas. In Polar maps, the Equator is most distorted.

MAPS

Winkle – Triple: This is the map that the National Geographic Society adopted for its standard map in 1998. It is oval shaped and is a computer modified map.

Robinson: Elongated oval shaped.

Goode’s Interrupted: This map looks like the world’s skin has been peeled off and laid flat. It is not accurate for navigation.

Mercator: This is one of the first cylindrical maps. It is distorted at the Polar areas and accurate at the Equator. It is used for navigation.

SCALE

Large scale maps: maps that show a small area in great detail (example: road map)

Small scale maps: maps that show a large area in a small amount of detail (example: states in the US)

LOCATION:

Absolute Location: The exact spot on the earth where a place is located (example: latitude and longitude, street address)

Relative Location: Where a place is located in relationship to another place.

IMPORTANT LINES:

0º N & S – Equator

0º E & W – Prime Meridian

90º N – North Pole

90º S – South Pole

TODALS

T – Title – 3 parts – where the map shows, what type of map, date map shows (top middle)

O – orientation – compass rose (north, south, east, and west)

D – date – when the map was made (bottom right corner)

A – author – who made the map (bottom right corner)

L – legend – all the symbols and abbreviations used on the map (also known as the key)

S – source – where did the information come from (goes in the legend box)

I is index, G is grid, and the other S is Scale

REGIONS:

Formal – all the places in the region have at least one common characteristic (religion, resource, climate, etc.)

Functional – a center place and all the other places that are connected or dependant on it. (large city) – Cy-Fair, Sugar Land, The Woodlands are all dependant on Houston for news, specialty goods, TV, radio, etc.)

Perceptual – defined by feelings and ideas (Big Apple – Yankees, busy streets, rushing cars, tall buildings).

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