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 2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 2 – Tossups1. This thinker wrote that crime “is only an anticipation of future morality – a step toward what will be.” He collaborated with Ernest Denis on an analysis of the causes of World War I. This thinker theorized that social order is preserved in “primitive” cultures by homogeneity of lifestyle and work, whereas in cultures that express the title phenomenon it is preserved through an “organic” counterpart. This author of The Elementary Forms of Religious Life coined the terms “collective effervescence” and “mechanical solidarity.” For 10 points, name this French social scientist who established an eponymous discipline in The Rules of Sociological Method, and who wrote The Division of Labor in Society and Suicide.ANSWER: ?mile Durkheim [David ?mile Durkheim]<The above question is for the category Social Science Sociology and was written by John Marvin>2. A pamphlet purporting to list “1001 ways” to do this thing was written by Robert Bashlow and Tuli Kupferberg. A group led by David Harris using an omega as its symbol advocated this behavior, for which Harris was imprisoned for fifteen months. Jimmy Carter pardoned almost everyone accused of this action in 1977. Supreme Court respondent David Paul O’Brien was one of many people who symbolically performed this action by burning a card. Joseph Jones and Robert McGill estimate that up to 100,000 people emigrated to Canada in order to perform this action. Rush Limbaugh, Donald Trump, and Ted Nugent were all accused of faking medical conditions to perform this action. For 10 points, identify this failure to fulfill Selective Service obligations during the Vietnam War.ANSWER: draft dodging [or dodging the draft during the Vietnam War; or draft evasion; or refusing to serve in the military, etc.]<The above question is for the category History American (1945-present) and was written by Penelope Ashe>3. Some species in this order supplement their ventilation using the hepatic piston method. Animals in this order can bypass pulmonary circulation and direct blood flow from the left aorta to the right aorta through the foramen of Panizza. A massive Cretaceous genus in this order was the Deinosuchus (DYE-no-SOO-kuss). Nasal bossing may help to resonate infrasonic signals produced through vibrations in males of this order’s gharial species. Members of this order tear large prey apart using a “death roll.” The highest bite force of any animal is found in a saltwater species in this order. For 10 points, name this order of reptiles that includes caimans, alligators, and a namesake family with a Nile species.ANSWER: crocodiles [or crocodilians] <The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Joelle Smart>4. Martin Gardner argued that John Tenniel was given the option of drawing a character with this profession as a baronet or a butterfly because both words fit the meter of the poem in which he appears, thus refuting religious interpretations of that character. Another character with this occupation marries Dinah after his first love is convicted of murder for leaving the love-child that she conceived with Arthur in a field outside Hayslope. This is the profession of a George Eliot hero who falls in love with Hetty Sorrel named Adam Bede. A character with this occupation says “You’ve had a pleasant run!”?to a set of oysters that he has eaten with his companion, with whom he discusses “cabbages and kings.” For 10 points, identify this profession of the Walrus’s companion in a Lewis Carroll poem.ANSWER: carpenter<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Daoud Jackson>5. With Francis Low, this man names a theorem that relates the ground state of an interacting system in QFT with a non-interacting one. With Lévy (lay-VEE), this scientist created the sigma model to describe pion interactions. This man was the first to propose a form of Lie (lee) algebra that led to the derivation of the Adler sum rule, and he was the first to introduce a quantity designed to explain the slow decay of kaons and hyperons. Along with a Japanese scientist, this man names a formula that relates the electric charge with isospin and the hypercharge. This physicist recognized that baryons corresponded to SU(3) (S-U-three) symmetry, leading to his proposal of eightfold way organization for mesons and baryons. For 10 points, name this man who developed the quark model alongside George Zweig. ANSWER: Murray Gell-Mann (ghell-MAHN)<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Paul Lee>6. Contemporary practice of a religion in this country’s rural areas centers on the “thunder ritual,” and it once was dominated by the “Sacred Jewel” and “Celestial Masters” schools. Another religion was spread to this country by a blue-eyed monk who stared at a wall for nine years named Bodhidharma. That religion developed the Blue Cliff Record scripture in this country. A new religious movement from this country whose name means “Dharma Wheel Practice” was heavily persecuted by its government beginning in the 1990s. The world’s largest religious migration occurs in this country, when hundreds of millions of people travel to visit their extended families for the new year. For 10 points, name this country where the quasi-mythical master Laozi (LAO-tsuh) wrote the Dao De Jing.ANSWER: People’s Republic of China [or Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó]<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>7. In jazz theory, a Tadd Dameron turnaround is made from a I–vi–ii–V (one six two five) turnaround by replacing all but the first chord via a technique named for these intervals. That “substitution” is effective because this is the only interval in 12-tone equal temperament that is invariant under inversion. This interval forms the bottom two notes of the “most influential chord” in modern Western classical music, whose deferred resolution represents unattainable desire throughout Tristan and Isolde. This interval occurs between the root and the fifth of the Locrian (LOH-kree-in) mode, and between the third and the seventh of a dominant seventh chord. It can be spelled as either a diminished fifth or an augmented fourth. For 10 points, name this interval made of three whole steps, which Guido of Arezzo (GWEE-doh of ah-RET-so) called “the devil in music.”ANSWER: tritone [or augmented fourth until read; or diminished fifth until read; prompt on fourth or fifth; accept tritone substitution]<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by John Marvin>8. Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote an essay titled for this concept that critiques utopian projects like Brook Farm. A “pure” form of this thing is explored as an ontological basis in An Inquiry into the Good by Kyōtō School philosopher Kitarō Nishida. A book titled in part for this concept has a chapter that uses Keats’s poetry as a springboard to discuss the need for esoteric qualities, named “The Live Creature and Eternal Things”; that book tries to develop a pragmatist aesthetics and is titled Art as this thing by John Dewey. Another pragmatist philosopher wrote about the apparent universality of mysticism in a book titled for the Varieties of Religious examples of this concept; that philosopher is William James. For 10 points, give this word for things that pass through subjective consciousness.ANSWER: experience [or pure experience; or Art as Experience]<The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy and was written by John Marvin>9. A piece in this genre by this man sets out to prove the “sore conflict with those terrible and amazing views and apprehensions.” Compositions by this author in this genre usually begin with an apropos quote such as “And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly.” Thematically typical titles of this man’s work in this genre include “The Wicked Useful in Their Destruction Only” and “Wrath to the Uttermost.” One of this man’s writings in this genre was addressed to “you that are here present, that yet remain in an unregenerate state.” That 1741 piece by this man in this genre discusses being held “over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider” and discusses the passage “Their foot shall slide in due time.” For 10 points, name this rhetorical genre and author of “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.”ANSWER: sermons by Jonathan Edwards<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Penelope Ashe>10. This monarch is the subject of the Historia general del Mundo by his court chronicler Antonio de Herrera. The most influential study by Annales historian Fernand Braudel is titled for The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of this monarch. The Relaciones of this king’s disgraced secretary Antonio Pérez contributed to the “Black Legend” of this king, who as a prince received an early copy of Bartolomé de las Casas’s A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. Miguel de Cervantes drew on his time serving in the fleet of this king’s brother Don Juan of Austria at the Battle of Lepanto. For 10 points, name this Spanish king, the husband of “Bloody” Mary, whose global empire included a namesake archipelago governed from Manila.ANSWER: Philip II [or Felipe II; or Philip the Prudent; prompt on Philip]<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Nitin Rao>11. In a scene in this novel, a kind man offers to buy the protagonist’s bus ticket while he waits in line, but by the time he discovers that tickets are sold on the bus, the man has run off with his money. Later, the protagonist of this novel gets lectured about “sick” and “crippled” people whose “eyes are hardly closed on the pillow before they must stand up again” because of a bus boycott by the politician Dubula. In this novel, a man addressed by the title “umfundisi” (oom-foon-DEESS) goes to pray as the sun rises before his son’s execution for killing Arthur Jarvis. That protagonist of this novel is asked to help with Absalom’s situation by a letter from fellow priest Theophilus Msimangu (thee-OFF-uh-luss mm-see-MAHN-goo). For 10 points, name this novel that follows Reverend Stephen Kumalo through Johannesburg in search of his son, by Alan Paton.ANSWER: Cry, The Beloved Country<The above question is for the category Literature World and was written by John Marvin>12. Pentaerythritol (penta-uh-RITH-rih-tall) can serve as a core during the formation of “starburst” examples of one class of these compounds. One of these substances called PNIPA is often studied for its coil-globule transition. An iodine-doped example of these compounds was studied by Shirakawa for its high electrical conductivity. It’s not a catalyst, but Grubbs produced a type of these compounds from norbornene using Tebbe’s reagent in a “living” type of that synthetic process. Their excluded volume can be treated as zero in theta solvents, and the dispersity index can be used to describe their mass distribution. Formation of these substances usually takes place via the three steps of initiation, elongation, and termination. For 10 points, name these compounds made of linked monomers.ANSWER: polymers [prompt on dendrimers]<The above question is for the category Science Chemistry and was written by Paul Lee>13. This god refused to move for his brother, instead offering to let him jump over him. He avoided Surasa, the mother of serpents, by changing his size. This god was the subject of the Chalisa poem by Tulsidas, who was inspired to translate an epic by meeting this god. This god was able to jump from India to Sri Lanka in one jump. While a child, this god was hit in the jaw by a thunderbolt thrown by Indra; that was because this god tried to eat the sun, which he thought was a fruit. After killing Akshay Kumar, this god’s tail was set on fire. This god, who retrieved a healing herb by lifting an entire mountain, allowed Sita to be rescued by Rama. For 10 points, name this monkey god in the Ramayana.ANSWER: Hanuman<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Fred Morlan>14. In Akira Kurosawa’s 1990 film Dreams, this man has a brief cameo as Vincent van Gogh. In a three-part 1995 BBC documentary, this man broke down a director’s role into four categories: storyteller, illusionist, smuggler, and iconoclast; that documentary is titled A Personal Journey with this man through American Movies. Among this rock-and-roll-loving filmmaker’s documentaries are The Last Waltz and Shine a Light. A 2011 film directed by this man stars Asa Butterfield as a young French boy whose dead father tried to repair an automaton. Hugo was directed by, for 10 points, what American filmmaker whose collaborations with Leonardo DiCaprio include Gangs of New York and The Wolf of Wall Street?ANSWER: Martin Scorsese (scor-SAY-zee) [Martin Charles Scorsese]<The above question is for the category Arts Film and was written by Danny Vopava>15. Four members of this group debated Nicholas Donin in a 1240 trial that culminated in a mass book-burning. After a wave of strikes, a Popular Front Prime Minister of this group signed a 1936 labor agreement initiating collective bargaining in his country. The elephant Abul-Abbas was brought to Europe from the court of Harun al-Rashid by a member of this group, and members of this ethnic group living in Algeria gained citizenship in 1870 under the Crémieux (kraym-YUH) Decree. Many people of this ethnic group were held at Drancy (drawn-SEE) while others were rounded up and tortured by Klaus Barbie. A member of this ethnic group was falsely imprisoned for espionage on Devil’s Island and had his innocence defended by ?mile Zola. For 10 points, name this ethnic group of Léon Blum (lay-ON BLOOM) and Alfred Dreyfus (dray-FUCE) that has faced anti-Semitism in Paris.ANSWER: French Jews [or Jews in France]<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Nitin Rao>16. In Pavel Filonov’s version of this scene, angular buildings reminiscent of Pskov (pss-KOFF) School iconography are tessellated in the background. In Nikolai Ge’s (GAY’s) version of this scene, a man stands facing the viewer holding up a large cloth, casting a huge shadow over the rest of the scene. Another version of this scene takes an oblique angle and features transparent angels floating above. In Peter Paul Rubens’s version of this scene, an open book sits between two candles in the upper right, and a dog lays underneath two characters’ bare feet. Tintoretto executed this scene in the 1590s, and another version of this scene is located in the refectory of the Santa Maria delle Grazie (DEL-lay GRAHT-see-ay) in Milan. For 10 points, name this scene that in Leonardo’s version has all thirteen men seated on the same side of the table.ANSWER: The Last Supper [or Il Cenacolo; or L’Ultima Cena; do not accept or prompt on “Lord’s Supper”]<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>17. A former bridge, a former horse racing arena, a present-day urban development, and an aquarium in this state are named after a fraternal organization whose name is this state’s name spelled backwards, with hyphens. This state’s capitol building features nautilus designs in its floor mosaics and is topped by a statue called The Sower; though it’s not Louisiana, that capitol of this state is a prominent art deco tower. The largest indoor desert, largest indoor rainforest, and largest geodesic dome are in this state, located at its Henry Doorly Zoo. This state’s legislature does not allow delegates to be officially registered with any political party, and it is the only state to have a unicameral legislature. The Platte River runs through, for 10 points, what plains state whose largest city is Omaha?ANSWER: Nebraska<The above question is for the category Geography US and was written by John Marvin>18. The fate of two residents of this location was determined by reports of Dr.?John Argentine and the Italian Dominic Mancini. It’s not a zoo, but this location was where a grizzly bear named Old Martin lived for many years. In 1671 a man who dressed as a cleric visited this location, used a mallet to flatten a object, and hid it under his coat as part of a robbery; that man was Colonel Thomas Blood. Yeomen Warders who work at this location are known by the nickname “beefeaters.” Both Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck claimed to be people last seen in this location; those youths were Richard of Shrewsbury and Edward V. For 10 points, name this English castle where Edward IV’s young sons were imprisoned by Richard III.ANSWER: Tower of London [or Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London]<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Mike Cheyne>19. One of these locations is constructed “like a goblet” with a well at the center. One of these places has an identical copy that is used as a graveyard. One of these places is constructed so that everything is perfectly reflected in a lake and all events occur “twice.” One of these places is a massive spider-web over an abyss. One of these places consists of a group of distant assemblages that are populated in rotation and otherwise empty. These places all have women’s names, including “Octavia,” “Pyrrha,” “Eusapia,” and “Valdrada,” and they are divided into groups of five “Thin” ones, “Trading” ones, and “Continuous” ones. Between descriptions of these places, Kublai Khan and Marco Polo talk to each other about what Polo has been saying. For 10 points, identify these 55 locales detailed in a novel by Italo Calvino.ANSWER: Invisible Cities [or Le Citta Invisibili; prompt on cities]<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by John Marvin>20. The Fourier transform is an automorphism on a space of these things named for Schwartz. The uniform boundedness principle and the Hahn–Banach (BAH-nuck) theorem are central to a branch of analysis named for these things, which is concerned with topological vector spaces. Any one of these things that is both entire and bounded must be constant, and these things are called entire if they are holomorphic over the whole complex plane. Weierstrass (VYE-ur-SHTROSS) names one of these things which serves as a common counterexample in analysis. The Riemann (REE-mon) zeta one of these is the subject of the Riemann hypothesis. For 10 points, identify these things which can be bijective, surjective, and injective, and which can be composed with each other.ANSWER: function [or mapping; or functional; or specific types such as analytic functions or holomorphic functions or real-valued functions]<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Conor Thompson>Extra. A singer who was prevented from performing in this country wrote the song “Special Train to Pankow” criticizing the decision. This country attempted to solve its systemic coffee shortage by financing the Vietnamese coffee industry in the 1980s. Many senior officials in this country lived on an elliptical street named for Vladimir Mayakovsky. Women who were formerly citizens of this country have launched legal actions over the use of drugs such as Jenapharm’s Oral-Turinabol as part of its State Plan 14.25. Many children in this country joined the Th?lmann Pioneers before graduating to the FDJ. SED member Manfred Ewald organised state-sponsored doping in this country at the SV Dynamo sports club where it was often overseen by the Stasi. For 10 points, name this country that erected the Berlin Wall.ANSWER: East Germany [or German Democratic Republic; or Deutsche Demokratische Republik; or GDR; do not accept or prompt on “Germany”]<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Daoud Jackson>2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 2 – Bonuses1. This group encountered a kingdom of women ruled by Hypsipyle (hip-SIP-uh-lee) on Lemnos, where this group’s leader became the father of Euneus (yoo-NAY-us). For 10 points each:[10] Name this mythical group that included Euphemus, Laertes, Castor, and Pollux.ANSWER: Argonauts[10] This man mistook the Argonauts for Pelasgians (pell-Asians) and attacked them, after which this king of the Dolionians was slain by regretful Argonauts.ANSWER: Cyzicus (SIZZ-ih-kuss)[10] The Argonauts helped king Phineus chase away these bird-women who spoiled food.ANSWER: harpies [or harpy]<The above question is for the category RMP Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Penelope Ashe>2. This story was broken in a Guardian article by Amelia Gentlemen detailing an interview with Paulette Wilson, who spent a week in Yarl’s Wood detention center. For 10 points each:[10] Name this British scandal about a namesake generation of immigrants brought to the UK to fulfill a post-war labor shortage. This scandal arose from alleged threats of deportation made towards those immigrants if they could not prove their legal residency status.ANSWER: Windrush Scandal[10] The Windrush Scandal takes its name from the HMT Empire Windrush, which docked at Kingston on this Caribbean island to pick up servicemen and emigrants on its way to London in 1948.ANSWER: Jamaica[10] The Windrush scandal prompted Amber Rudd, who held this Cabinet post previously held by Theresa May, to resign. She was replaced by Sajid Javid, who is responsible for law enforcement, immigration, and security as the holder of this office.ANSWER: Home Secretary [or Her Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department]<The above question is for the category Current Events Non-US and was written by Nitin Rao>3. In a play first performed during the reign of this monarch, Alice hires Blackwill and Shakbag to kill her husband Thomas. For 10 points each:[10] Name this monarch during whose reign domestic tragedies such as Arden of Faversham and A Warning for Fair Women were written.ANSWER: Elizabeth I [prompt on Elizabeth][10] It has been suggested that Arden of Faversham was written by this English playwright and son of Mary Arden who set his play As You Like It in the Forest of Arden.ANSWER: William Shakespeare[10] This Elizabethan playwright of The Four Prentices of London wrote several less sensational domestic tragedies including A Woman Killed With Kindness.ANSWER: Thomas Heywood<The above question is for the category Literature Shakespeare and was written by Daoud Jackson>4. This artist created many impressions of the female body shape with various materials, including earth, in her Silueta (see-loo-ET-ah) series. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Cuban-American artist of Body Tracks. She was probably murdered by her then-husband, the sculptor Carl Andre, who got away with pushing her out a window by claiming it was a suicide.ANSWER: Ana Mendieta (men-dee-ET-ah)[10] Carl Andre belongs to this artistic movement that tried to refute Clement Greenberg’s writing on flatness and painting. People from this movement in sculpture include Donald Judd and Richard Serra.ANSWER: minimalism [or minimalists][10] This older sculptor created The Three Shades, his statue of Balzac, The Burghers of Calais, and The Thinker.ANSWER: Auguste Rodin (oh-GOOST ro-DAN) [Fran?ois Auguste René Rodin]<The above question is for the category Arts Sculpture and was written by John Marvin>5. This historian used diary evidence to write her 2011 monograph, The Eichmann Trial. For 10 points each:[10] Name this professor at Emory University who was sued in a libel trial by Holocaust denier David Irving over the way that she portrayed his beliefs in her book Denying the Holocaust.ANSWER: Deborah Lipstadt[10] An expert witness in the Lipstadt trial was Richard Evans, who was then serving as a professor at this university. Henry VI founded this university’s King’s College to accept boys from Eton College.ANSWER: University of Cambridge[10] Evans has also written a “trilogy” of books detailing the history of this government that operated concentration camps at Auschwitz and Treblinka.ANSWER: Third Reich [or Nazi Germany or National Socialist Government]<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Daoud Jackson>6. Matthew Prichard, the grandson of this play’s author, complained that its ending was spoiled on Wikipedia, so hopefully he isn’t reading at this tournament. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1952 play. Its twist ending reveals the truth about Sergeant Trotter, who is investigating the murders of those tied to the abuse of foster children.ANSWER: The Mousetrap[10] The author of The Mousetrap uses another twist ending in this novel about the death of Samuel Ratchett, a conspirator in a kidnapping and murder based on the Lindbergh kidnapping case.ANSWER: Murder on the Orient Express[10] This mystery author wrote both The Mousetrap and Murder on the Orient Express.ANSWER: Agatha Christie [Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie; or Lady Mallowan; or Agatha Miller]<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Mike Cheyne>7. Leila Denmark helped develop the first vaccine for this disease. For 10 points each:[10] Name this bacterial disease that can cause a patient to cough so hard that he or she could break their ribs; its most common name incorporates the trademark sound that is often made when coughing.ANSWER: pertussis [or whooping cough][10] The DTaP vaccine also prevents diphtheria. A famous outbreak of diphtheria occurred in this Alaskan city in 1925, and was relieved thanks to the efforts of the sled dog Balto.ANSWER: Nome, Alaska[10] This man names the media that is used to culture Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The actual bacterium is sometimes named for Klebs and this man. ANSWER: Friedrich Loeffler (LUFF-ler)<The above question is for the category Science History of Science and was written by Eric Mukherjee>8. The largest megachurch on earth is the Yoido (YUH-wee-DOH) Full Gospel Church in this country, led by pastor Young Hoon Lee. For 10 points each:[10] Name this East Asian country where five of the world’s ten largest megachurches are located. It is second only to the US in terms of sending missionaries around the world.ANSWER: South Korea [or the Republic of Korea; or Daehan Minguk; prompt on Korea][10] The Yoido Full Gospel Church belongs to this largest Pentecostalist denomination. It originated with the Azusa Street Revival and has grown to be the fourth-largest Christian denominational organization.ANSWER: The World Assemblies of God Fellowship[10] Most Pentecostal denominations teach that this second process, a particular kind of “baptism,” must occur after conversion and regeneration before one can receive “gifts” like speaking in tongues, which is expected to accompany this process.ANSWER: Baptism with the Holy Spirit [or Spirit Baptism; or baptism in the Holy Spirit]<The above question is for the category RMP Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>9. Answer the following about measuring our distance from interstellar objects, for 10 points each.[10] These old stars are “standard candles” because their brightness changes in a reliable cycle, allowing their distance to be reliably estimated. Henrietta Leavitt (LEV-it) identified their period–luminosity relation.ANSWER: Cepheid variable stars [or Cepheids; or Classical Cepheids; prompt on variable stars][10] Trigonometric parallax uses a formula that involves the radius of Earth’s orbit, which equals one of these units.ANSWER: astronomical unit [or AU][10] Finding the parallax of stars is considered to be the first “step” in this system in which different methods are combined to find the distance of further and further interstellar objects.ANSWER: cosmic distance ladder<The above question is for the category Science Astronomy and was written by Fred Morlan>10. This man ordered the ten grandsons of Ali to be killed by being locked in a suffocating closet. For 10 points each:[10] Name this caliph who ruled from 754 to 775 and founded the Round City that became Baghdad.ANSWER: al-Mansur [Abu Ja’far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur][10] al-Mansur was the second caliph of this dynasty that supplanted the Umayyads.ANSWER: Abbasids[10] At the start of his reign, al-Mansur assassinated this popular Khorasani general who led the military accession of the Abbasids.ANSWER: Abu Muslim [Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khorasani]<The above question is for the category History World and was written by Penelope Ashe>11. Richard Brettell has argued that male nudes of the late 19th century have been severely underrepresented in books of art history. For 10 points each:[10] This man made a rough painting of David and Goliath where both are nude. Though he painted hundreds of nude women in bathtubs near the end of his life, he did not paint a single bathing man.ANSWER: Edgar Degas[10] This American artist lost his teaching position as a result of his painting Swimming Hole, which features several male nudes. This artist painted The Gross Clinic.ANSWER: Thomas Eakins[10] A young man in orange-and-black-striped underwear appears on the right of this Impressionist’s Summer Scene, which inspired Eakins. This artist died at the age of 28.ANSWER: Frédéric Bazille<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by Daoud Jackson>12. One of these beings tranquilizes the protagonist before it is destroyed with a flamethrower. For 10 points each:[10] Name these eight-legged beings, one of which is fraudulently depicted killing the fugitive Guy Montag in a faked news broadcast.ANSWER: Mechanical Hounds[10] This author created Guy Montag and the Mechanical Hound in his dystopian novel about an anti-literate society titled Fahrenheit 451.ANSWER: Ray Bradbury[10] This oft-anthologized Bradbury story depicts explorers discovering what appears to be a beautiful society resembling their hometown, but which turns out to be a telepathic projection created by unfriendly natives.ANSWER: “Mars is Heaven!” [or “The Third Expedition”]<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Mike Cheyne>13. This man’s father was the lead investigator for the Lindbergh baby kidnapping case and later helped to train SAVAK in Iran. For 10 points each:[10] Name this US general and commander of CENTCOM whose Internal Look?’90 plans became the basis for his successful execution of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.ANSWER: Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.[10] The purpose of Operation Desert Shield was to protect Saudi oil fields from this country. This country’s dictator Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait to start the Gulf War.ANSWER: Iraq [Iraqi Republic or al-Jumhūriyah al-’Irāqīyah][10] This general was Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the Gulf War. In a later post, he presented a fake vial of anthrax to the UN Security Council and declared that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction.ANSWER: Colin Luther Powell<The above question is for the category History American (1945-present) and was written by Nitin Rao>14. This composer was invited to write a Triumphal March for the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, in which he extensively quoted the Battle Hymn of the Republic. For 10 points each:[10] Name this late Romantic Russian composer of the ballets The Seasons and Raymonda.ANSWER: Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov[10] Glazunov orchestrated piano pieces by this composer for the ballet Les Sylphides (lay seel-FEED), which opens with his Military Polonaise and ends with his Grande valse brillante (grond valse bree-YONT).ANSWER: Frédéric Chopin[10] Glazunov’s final piece was a concerto for this instrument. Ravel used it to represent a troubadour in the movement “The Old Castle” from his orchestration of Pictures at an Exhibition.ANSWER: alto saxophone<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by Penelope Ashe>15. This country’s entry into World War I was secretly negotiated in the London Pact, guaranteeing them South Tyrol and the Austrian Littoral in the eventual peace. For 10 points each:[10] Name this country whose “mutilated victory” in World War I was a rallying cry of Benito Mussolini.ANSWER: Italy [or Kingdom of Italy; or Regno d’Italia][10] Italian commander-in-chief Luigi Cadorna launched four failed offensives along this river. The last of twelve battles named for this river was a crushing defeat at Caporetto.ANSWER: Isonzo River [or the So?a River; or the Lusin? River; or the Sontig River][10] This member of the Big Four negotiated on Italy’s behalf at the Paris Peace Conference. This prime minister’s inability to acquire Fiume (FYOO-may) for Italy in the settlement forced his resignation.ANSWER: Vittorio Orlando<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Nitin Rao>16. The chromatic number of one of these objects is the minimum number of colors needed to color it so that no two adjacent points share the same color. For 10 points each:[10] Name these mathematical objects consisting of vertices connected by edges.ANSWER: graph[10] This property of a graph is the minimum number of “handles” that must be added to a sphere so that the graph can be drawn on the sphere without crossings. This value for an orientable surface is equal to one minus one-half times its Euler (OY-lur) characteristic.ANSWER: genus[10] Ringel and Youngs proved this conjecture that gives the lowest chromatic number for a graph on a surface of genus g as (read slowly) the floor of “seven plus the square root of one plus 48 g, all over two.”ANSWER: Heawood (HAY-wood) conjecture<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Tim Morrison>17. Answer the following about diamonds in economics, for 10 points each.[10] Adam Smith asked why diamonds are so much more valuable than this natural resource, a paradox that was not resolved until the articulation of the concept of marginal utility.ANSWER: water[10] Economies heavily based on searching for appropriate transactional partners are modeled by Peter Diamond’s analogy to an island where you can only consume this object after trading it with another person.ANSWER: coconut [prompt on food; prompt on fruit][10] A model of four controllable factors that drive comparative advantage in international trade is named for this competition theorist and is known as his “diamond.”ANSWER: Michael Porter [or the Porter diamond model]<The above question is for the category Social Science Economics and was written by Penelope Ashe>18. These parasites have a scolex that allows them to attach to the intestines of those they infect. For 10 points each:[10] Name this parasitic class that falls under the phylum of Platyhelminthes. The species Diphyllobothrium latum, which causes megaloblastic anemia, falls in this class.ANSWER: Cestoda [or tapeworms][10] The bodies of tapeworms are made up of segments with these names. When these segments are mature, they are filled with eggs.ANSWER: proglottids[10] Tapeworms fall into this classification of animals that have both male and female reproductive abilities in the same organism.ANSWER: hermaphrodites [or word forms]<The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Fred Morlan>19. This iambic (eye-AM-bic) poet wrote about his lack of regret at tossing away a shield that was later picked up by a Thracian (THRAY-shin) soldier. For 10 points each:[10] Name this archaic Greek lyric poet whose fragments include, “The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.”ANSWER: Archilochus (ar-KILL-uh-kuss)[10] This Roman lyric poet imitated Archilochus in his Epodes (EPP-odes). His Odes coined the phrase “carpe diem” (KAR-pay DEE-em), and he also wrote Ars Poetica.ANSWER: Horace [or Quintus Horatius Flaccus][10] Another model for Horace’s poetry was this author whose surviving victory odes were often inspired by Panhellenic festivals. He wrote that “War is sweet to them who know it not.”ANSWER: Pindaros<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by Shan Kothari>20. The core of this book is in Aramaic, but later parts were added in Hebrew, with the introduction translated into Hebrew as well for a bookending effect. For 10 points each:[10] Name this only book in the Hebrew Bible from the apocalypse genre. Its frame story tells of three men being thrown in a furnace and of its main character being sentenced to a lion’s den.ANSWER: Book of Daniel[10] The supplemental passages to Daniel, written during this group’s revolt, were possibly written in Hebrew because of nationalistic fervor. This group, led by Judah and high-priest Jonathan, established the theocratic Hasmonean (haz-mo-NEE-in) Dynasty after achieving semi-autonomy from the Seleucids.ANSWER: Maccabees [or Makabim][10] Though 1st Maccabees was probably written in Hebrew, and only survives in Greek translation, 2nd Maccabees is explicitly an abridged or excerpted version of a history of the period written in Greek by this Hellenistic Jew.ANSWER: Jason of Cyrene<The above question is for the category RMP Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>Extra. Caroline Vout identified this man as the third-most-common real person depicted in classical sculpture. For 10 points each:[10] Name this man who, after he drowned in 130?AD, became the object of a deification cult led by the Roman emperor with whom he was romantically involved.ANSWER: Antinous (an-tih-NOH-us)[10] This Spanish-born Roman emperor, who commissioned a wall on the border with the Picts in 122?AD, advocated the Antinous cult.ANSWER: Hadrian [Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus][10] In the year after Antinous’s death, Hadrian formed this league of Greek cities, which was based at Athens and sponsored namesake games.ANSWER: Panhellenion [or Panhellenium]<The above question is for the category History European to 1400 and was written by Penelope Ashe> ................
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