Unix/Linux Command Reference - cheat sheets
嚜燃nix/Linux Command Reference
File Commands
.com
System Info
ls 每 directory listing
date 每 show the current date and time
ls -al 每 formatted listing with hidden files
cal 每 show this month's calendar
cd dir - change directory to dir
uptime 每 show current uptime
cd 每 change to home
w 每 display who is online
pwd 每 show current directory
whoami 每 who you are logged in as
mkdir dir 每 create a directory dir
finger user 每 display information about user
rm file 每 delete file
uname -a 每 show kernel information
rm -r dir 每 delete directory dir
cat /proc/cpuinfo 每 cpu information
rm -f file 每 force remove file
cat /proc/meminfo 每 memory information
rm -rf dir 每 force remove directory dir *
man command 每 show the manual for command
cp file1 file2 每 copy file1 to file2
df 每 show disk usage
cp -r dir1 dir2 每 copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it du 每 show directory space usage
doesn't exist
free 每 show memory and swap usage
mv file1 file2 每 rename or move file1 to file2
whereis app 每 show possible locations of app
if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into
which app 每 show which app will be run by default
directory file2
Compression
ln -s file link 每 create symbolic link link to file
tar cf file.tar files 每 create a tar named
touch file 每 create or update file
file.tar containing files
cat > file 每 places standard input into file
tar xf file.tar 每 extract the files from file.tar
more file 每 output the contents of file
tar czf file.tar.gz files 每 create a tar with
head file 每 output the first 10 lines of file
Gzip compression
tail file 每 output the last 10 lines of file
tar xzf file.tar.gz 每 extract a tar using Gzip
tail -f file 每 output the contents of file as it
tar cjf file.tar.bz2 每 create a tar with Bzip2
grows, starting with the last 10 lines
compression
Process Management
tar xjf file.tar.bz2 每 extract a tar using Bzip2
ps 每 display your currently active processes
gzip file 每 compresses file and renames it to
top 每 display all running processes
file.gz
kill pid 每 kill process id pid
gzip -d file.gz 每 decompresses file.gz back to
killall proc 每 kill all processes named proc *
file
bg 每 lists stopped or background jobs; resume a
stopped job in the background
Network
fg 每 brings the most recent job to foreground
ping host 每 ping host and output results
fg n 每 brings job n to the foreground
whois domain 每 get whois information for domain
dig domain 每 get DNS information for domain
File Permissions
dig -x host 每 reverse lookup host
chmod octal file 每 change the permissions of file
wget file 每 download file
to octal, which can be found separately for user,
wget -c file 每 continue a stopped download
group, and world by adding:
♂ 4 每 read (r)
Installation
♂ 2 每 write (w)
Install from source:
♂ 1 每 execute (x)
./configure
Examples:
make
chmod 777 每 read, write, execute for all
make install
chmod 755 每 rwx for owner, rx for group and world
dpkg -i pkg.deb 每 install a package (Debian)
For more options, see man chmod.
rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm 每 install a package (RPM)
SSH
ssh user@host 每 connect to host as user
ssh -p port user@host 每 connect to host on port
port as user
ssh-copy-id user@host 每 add your key to host for
user to enable a keyed or passwordless login
Searching
Shortcuts
Ctrl+C 每 halts the current command
Ctrl+Z 每 stops the current command, resume with
fg in the foreground or bg in the background
Ctrl+D 每 log out of current session, similar to exit
Ctrl+W 每 erases one word in the current line
Ctrl+U 每 erases the whole line
Ctrl+R 每 type to bring up a recent command
!! - repeats the last command
exit 每 log out of current session
grep pattern files 每 search for pattern in files
grep -r pattern dir 每 search recursively for
pattern in dir
command | grep pattern 每 search for pattern in the
output of command
* use with extreme caution.
locate file 每 find all instances of file
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