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Egyptian New Chronology (David Rohl)

My notes: The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt is the era immediately following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the end of the Naqada III archaeological period until about 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom. With the First Dynasty, the capital moved from Thinis to Memphis with a unified Egypt ruled by an Egyptian god-king. Abydos remained the major holy land in the south. The hallmarks of ancient Egyptian civilization, such as art, architecture and many aspects of religion, took shape during the Early Dynastic period.

Source: (Egypt)

Naquada I 3250 BC to 3050 BC

Nakada II 3050 BC to 2850 BC

Nakada III 2850 BC to 2770 BC

1st Dynasty 2770 BC to 2670 BC









(Pharaoh)









(Pharaoh)

2nd Dynasty 2670 BC to 2554 BC



(Pharaoh)



(pharaoh)















3rd Dynasty 2554 BC to 2499 BC











4th Dynasty 2499 BC to 2389 BC



(pharaoh)













5th Dynasty 2389 BC to 2273 BC



















6th Dynasty 2273 BC to 2061 BC

















7th Dynasty 2061 BC to 2044 BC

















8th Dynasty 2044 BC to 1944 BC

















No 9th Dynasty

10th Dynasty 2018 BC to 1832 BC [Abraham in Egypt]

















11th Dynasty 1944 BC to 1803 BC























12th Dynasty 1803 BC to 1632 BC [Joseph arrives in Egypt, Joseph appointed Vizier, Israelites arrive in Egypt]



















13th Dynasty 1632 BC to 1416 BC [EXODUS]

















































































The position of the following kings is uncertain:

Source: List of Pharaohs [with old Time line]











14th Dynasty 1602 BC to 1418 BC





































The position and identity of the following pharaohs is uncertain:

Source: List of Pharaohs [with old Time line]





(pharaoh)









LESSER Hyksos 1416 BC to 1387 BC









(pharaoh)



17th Dynasty 1392 BC to 1203 BC



















Greater Hyksos 1352 BC to 1192 BC





































18th Dynasty 1202 BC to 961 BC





























19th Dynasty 962 BC to 860 BC

















Egyptian Co-regency 885 BC to 829 BC

20th Dynasty Pi-Ramesse 855 BC to 827 BC





















20th Dynasty A 845 BC to 818 BC

20th Dynasty C 842 BC to 740 BC

21st Dynasty Tanis 842 BC to 740 BC







(pharaoh)







21st Dynasty Waset 827 BC to 658 BC



















22nd Dynasty 758 BC to 664 BC

























23rd Dynasty 664 BC to 525 BC















(pharaoh) Rudamun was succeeded in Thebes by a local ruler:

24th Dynasty of Egypt 710 BC to 587 BC





25th Dynasty Napata 741 BC to 690 BC











26th Dynasty 664 BC to 525 BC







The son and successor of Necho I, Psamtik I, managed to reunify Egypt and is generally regarded as the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty.













Twenty-seventh Dynasty (First Persian period)[edit]

Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire in 525 BC and constitutued a satrapy as part of this empire until 404 BC. The Achaemenid Shahanshahs were acknowledged as Pharaohs in this era, forming the 27th Dynasty:

























Twenty-eighth Dynasty

The Twenty-eighth Dynasty lasted only 6 years, from 404 to 398 BC, with one Pharaoh:



Twenty-ninth Dynasty[edit]

The Twenty-ninth Dynasty ruled from 398 to 380 BC:









Thirtieth Dynasty

The Thirtieth Dynasty ruled from 380 until Egypt once more came under Persian rule in 343 BC:







Thirty-first Dynasty (Second Persian period)[edit]

Egypt again came under the control of the Achaemenid Persians. After the practice of Manetho, the Persian rulers from 343 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the Thirty-first Dynasty:









Hellenistic Period

Argead Dynasty

The Macedonians under Alexander the Great ushered in the Hellenistic period with his conquest of Persia and Egypt. The Argeads ruled from 332 to 309 BC:







Ptolemaic Dynasty

The second Hellenistic dynasty, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency). The most famous member of this dynasty was Cleopatra VII, who in modern times is known simply as Cleopatra who was successively the consort of Julius Caesar and after Caesar's death, of Mark Antony, and had children with both of them. Cleopatra strove to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome but the assassination of Caesar and the defeat of Mark Antony doomed her plans. Caesarion (Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar) was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, he reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC. He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. Between the alleged death of Cleopatra, on August 12, 30 BC, up to his own alleged death on August 23, 30 BC, he was nominally the sole pharaoh. It is tradition that he was hunted down and killed on the orders of Octavian, who would become the Roman emperor Augustus, but the historical evidence does not exist.





































































Rome

Cleopatra VII had affairs with Roman Dictator Julius Caesar and Roman General Mark Antony, but it was not until after her suicide (after Marc Antony was defeated by Octavian, who would later be Emperor Augustus) that Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC. Subsequent Roman Emperors were accorded the title of Pharaoh, although exclusively while in Egypt. One Egyptian king-list lists the Roman Emperors as Pharaohs up to and including Decius. See the list of Roman Emperors.

See also













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