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WW2 Quiz 2 Review GuideName ___________________________Describe US foreign policy before entering the War. Why did the U.S. enter the War?Policy: ____neutrality__Reason for war:________Japanese attacked/bombed Pearl Harbor in Oahu, Hawaii (U.S. territory at the time)2. What type of media was used for war propaganda in America? What were some themes/messages in the media?___Posters, radio announcements, movies, etc.Women powerSupport your countryAnti-Japanese and German sentiments3. What was the Selective Service Act? Why was it significant? 1st peace-time draft to recruit young men to serve the nation in case a war broke out.September 16, 1940 (Originally men 21-36; then expanded to 17-37 during War in Nov 1942)4. How did the war effort in America affect the following group of people (define underlined terms)…Women took over roles typically held by menRosie the Riveter symbol of women’s new roles – women’s strengthMen enlisted in the armed forcesAfrican-Americans migrated North to factory jobs and enlisted in armed forces; highly discriminated and segregatedTuskegee Airmen first group of African-American men in the Airforce; initially segregated and discriminated, then given the opportunity to defend bomber planes.Mexican-AmericansBraceros farmers who were asked to work in the U..S.A. Helped farming economy during the warzoot-suit riots name comes from Mexican attire worn at the time; since they were highly discriminated and were attacked, they event was given this nameJapanese-Americansinternment camps Executive orders 9066 (military zone) and 9102 (created the WRA – War Relocation Authority) to remove Japanese-Americans from their communities. Stayed in internment camps for most of the War. Many lost homes and businesses. Initially they were given a bus ticket home and $25. Later compensated with an official apology and 20,000 dollars (1988.)5. What European leader was the US working closely with in protecting the Atlantic supply route?Winston Churchill: Prime Minister of Great Britain.6. Name two technological advances that helped the U.S. control the supply routes of the Atlantic? Sonar – detected German u-boats and ships and Long range-torpedo bombers7. How were the U.S. and England able to defeat the German u-boats in the Atlantic?_sonar, radar, and long-range aircraft _________8. Who were the Axis powers? Who were the Allied powers?Axis: Germany, Italy, and JapanAllied: U.S.A., Great Britain, France, and Russia9. Why did the Allies decide to fight in North Africa before going into the European theatre? Give two reasons.Reason 1: To take Axis supply route - Suez CanalReason 2: To invade Sicily/Italy, the “soft underbelly of Europe,” according to Winston Churchill10. What was Operation Overlord and why was it significant? Who was it’s leader?Operation Overlord – D-Day – Took over 5 beaches and proceeded to re-take France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, moving closer to GermanyDwight D. Eisenhower11. List three major battles which ultimately proved to be crucial in defeating Hitler. What was their significance? (Why were they important battles?)El Alemein- in North Africa – took over Suez Canal and prepared the way to invade Sicily.Sicily – pushed-back German soldiers to further invade mainland of ItalyOperation Overlord – D-Day – Took over 5 beaches and proceeded to re-take France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, moving closer to GermanyBattle of the Bulge - although it was a surprise attack by Germans in the Ardennes Mts., the Allies won and continued to push back Germany, moving closer to Germany Battle of Stalingrad – Stalin defeated Germany after a bloody series of battles to take over the city.Hitler was surrounded by his enemies and was ultimately defeated.12. What was VE Day?Although Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945; V-E Day or Victory in Europe Day was officially announced on May 8, 1945.13. Who were the main generals for Great Britain, Germany, and the United States in Africa, Europe and the Pacific? Which battles were they involved in?Great Britain – Bernard Montgomery (El Alemein)USA – Dwight D. Eisenhower (North Africa (Morocco and Algeria) and D-Day (Operation Overlord)); Douglas MacArthur in the Pacific (Philippines)Germany – Erwin Rommel or Desert Fox – lost the battle of El Alemein14. Name at least two battles in the Pacific theater and their significance.Battle at Coral Sea – it was a draw but blocked Japan from invading AustraliaBattle at Midway – allowed the U.S. to have a base to refuel )Battle of Guadalcanal – gaining territory from JapaneseBattle of Leyte – sank 4 Japanese fleets (and were devastated for the rest of War)Iwo Jima and Okinawa - closer to mainland, Japan15. What was the strategy used by Japanese pilots, also known as “divine wind”?kamikaze; planes loaded with explosives were used as suicidal weapons to attack Allied aircraft carriers_16. Name of the “secret” program to create an atomic bomb: __Manhattan Project__17. In which two Japanese cities were atomic bombs dropped? Why? Who gave the order?Hiroshima and Nagasakibecause Japan’s emperor would not surrenderHarry Truman18. Who was President of the U.S. for most of the war? What happened to him at the end of the war? FDR died of brain hemorrhage on April 12, 194519. Who became president at the end of WW2? ___Harry Truman_____

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