Introduction to Networking Protocols and Architecture

[Pages:21]Introduction to Networking Protocols

and Architecture

Raj Jain Professor of CIS The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210

Jain@

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Overview

u Data Comm vs Networking vs Distributed Systems u Types of Networks u Protocol Layers: OSI and TCP/IP Models u Connection-oriented vs connectionless u Layered packet format

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Data Communication vs Networking

u Communication: Two Nodes. Mostly EE issues.

u Networking: Two or more nodes. More issues, e.g., routing

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Distributed Systems vs Networks

u Distributed Systems: u Users are unaware of underlying structure. E.g., trn instead of \n\bone\0\trn u Mostly operating systems issues. u Nodes are generally under one organization's control.

u Networks: Users specify the location of resources. http:\\cis.ohio-state.edu\~jain\ u Nodes are autonomous.

SSeerrvveerr

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Types of Networks

u Point to point vs Broadcast

WAN

Bus LAN

u Circuit switched vs packet switched

Ring LAN

u Local Area Networks (LAN) 0-2 km,

Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) 2-50 km,

Wide Area Networks (WAN) 50+ km

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Protocol Layers

u Problem: Philosophers in different countries speak different languages. The Telex system works only with English. I believe there is a God!

Philosopher

Translator

Secretary

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Design Issues for Layers

u Duplexity: u Simplex: Transmit or receive

u Full Duplex: Transmit and receive simultaneously u Half-Duplex: Transmit and receive alternately u Error Control: Error detection and recovery u Flow Control: Fast sender

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ISO/OSI Reference Model

Application

3 Presentation

Session

2

Transport Network

Datalink 1 Physical

File transfer, Email, Remote Login ASCII Text, Sound Establish/manage connection End-to-end communication: TCP

Routing, Addressing: IP Two party communication: Ethernet

How to transmit signal: Coding

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