SAMPLE KHOISAN 100-WORD LISTS - Social Sciences
[Pages:6]SAMPLE KHOISAN 100-WORD LISTS
(cognates appear in boldface; loanwords appear in italics)
1. I 2. you (sing.) 3. we 4. who? 5. what? 6. this 7. that
8. one 9. two 10. three 11. many 12. all
13. full 14. big
15. long
!XOO
n@ a@? ?@? e~? e~? tV'V tV'V
JU|'HOAN
KHOEKHOE
m? / a~ e~ (excl.); m (incl.) h-e~, y-e~ hatce/ he~, ke~, ke~?e~ t o...a~ ; //'a~
tita sats (m.); sas (f.) sikhum, etc. t-ai, tari t-ae, tare, ma$ nee nau
KWADI
?'ufla$ ?nuflm //afle //a/li ko@o ka'a$ ~
/'o@la (v.) !xaV, pl. !xaBV
!'a/m ; !'a@a/ (pl.)
n|e~...e/ tsa~n, tsa~2n n!a~n? ~ ?ha/? / wa~2si ; we~ce~(si) ; ho~a~ra~ka~ g!a~...? $ (v.) n!a...a~$ (v. s. subj.); !a~e~ (v. pl. subj.) g?a~...? $ (v.)
/gui /gam !nona ?guihoa
/oa (v.) kai
kaxu
16. small
/'ufli ; q'a/n-tafl (pl.) ts'e~ma~, ts'e~ (v.)
?khari 24
SANDAWE ci hapu soo ho, hoo hocoo heehaa-
ts'exe k ? /so!x?~ somukixi de&e (v.) tsh? /a~
HADZA ono
te u- ~ o- (stem) taakwadza hab- [near]; na[distant] ichamepiyesamaka?aso kiru
~oome me/e; ba?a
maga$/dza/ (v.), ? ? /tna/a$k ? / (v.) [? ? /tha~ (far)] ts'o&o$to
/'o?a [v.] pa/?a/-, letl'emo tase, takase
k'u~mi; ts'isie
18. good
!XOO qa/i $
JU|'HOAN z&a~n
KHOEKHOE !ga$i
KWADI
19. dry
20. new 21. white 22. red 23. yellow 24. ash 25. smoke 26. fire 27. to burn
/'o~o (v.)
/'o~ (v.)
//qu2V !nu/=a /a~?=a ; //no2~ba g?qhu!i ?go~a ts'kx'aflje /'a~a$ ?'a/i; ?'a/a (tr.)
ze/ !a~...u/ (v.) g!a~a~$ (v.) g//o2n ? ~g~u/ (v.) to2 co/ra~ da~...a/ ku~...u/
//na$-sa
/a-sa ; kawa
!uri
/awa
!huni
tsao-b
/ani (*tsx'an-)
/ae-b
?e$e$
kxau ; dao (tr.)
28. hot
?'a/i (v.)
29. sun 30. moon
31. star 32. fish 33. to swim
//'afln !qha~n
//o@na
khu/? (adj.)
|a/m n!u/? /
?u?n //'a/u/ djxa~ **
/gam-sa
sore-s //kha$-b
/gamiro-b //au-p tsa$ **
25
'ui-de kha@-de
/hwe? ~ya
SANDAWE HADZA
?a/a /n ?$/k'e~
nube, ts'i?e?ena, mtana
/akw`i, //'ape(v.)
//aee pho/o
dza/na~ petla
bu/tl'? ~
tese
manjano /'upha
nayohots'a
ts'u/k'a~
ts'ik'o
//' ?$
ts'ok'o
~na/ts'?~/e~, ~he~we/, tsw'? /? ~ya~,
ka/ma~
tl'a~phe/ (to heat), ho~k'a/ (to warm)
?ot- (tr.)
pe/te/ne~; ~ome[of water, body]
//'a~ka/su~
?is &o
~aapuso;
seeta
~a (moonlight)
/no/wa$/
ntsa
somba phu$~du~se/
n/'ama/
34. cold
35. wet
36. water 37. rain 38. cloud 39. night 40. black 41. mountain
42. stone 43. earth 44. sand 45. louse 46. to fly
!XOO //afl'u$ (n.)
JU|'HOAN ?a~...u / (v.)/
KHOEKHOE !khai
ts'kx'a~ni (v.)
!qha~a !kx'ofle !qha~a g/qhu@a$ ~nu /2e ?a~...=a !u~?m (hill, dune)
dc? ~ ; /o~m (both verbs) g!u/ g!a~ g!a~!ku/? / g!u/, g!u? n?u~ n!o/m ; /xu/n? /
/a$ (*tsx'an)
//gam-i tuus /nanu-s tsu-xu-b ?nu !hom
/nu@le ?kx'uflm ?kx'uflm ?no/2o$ dza@2h?$
n!o/m kxa~ kxa~ n?a~2 ; kxu/r? / n!om
/ui-b !huu-b //khae-b uri-p (*kxuri-) //khana
KWADI
kx'o'e [Nkh] thwii
dzo-de kx"a inii
46. bird 48. feather 49. hair (head) 50. root 51. foot 52. bone
/gu@2...u g/qhu@a$ g/qhu~a$, /qhu~a$ g|kx'a@bu ?nu~u$ ?a~a$
ts'a~ma~ !ku/? / !ku/? / //a~r? ~ /k'a/? / !'u/
ani-b (*kxani-) !ammi /u$-b !noma-b ?ai-b ?koo-b
26
SANDAWE tsha/wa~; t ?/?$ka~ (water) ha/ts'a/; //'ofl (v.) ts'afl tl'a$fla tl'u$~gu~ twe&e k'a/a$k'a/ra~ gawe (hill)
d?& ?$ ~'uma /'ina ma//'a~ thafl (run)
thw ? &i thawaa ts'efl ~ni?$ //hata ~ i
HADZA //natl'ani-
tl'ati [v.]
?ati-bi ?ati-ya malundi ts'ifi tits &'i n//'utl'e; ha// `a/ [hill] ha// `a/ yamu ts'awa / `a/ma/ts'? ~ pululu-; hukwa- [fly away] thithi-, ts'elalohayi hatl'e wili ?apukwa mitl 'a
53. knee 54. to go
55. to come
56. path 57. green 58. grass 59. leaf 60. tree 60. dog
61. egg 62. bark 63. skin 64. meat 65. fat 66. person
67. woman
68. man 69. to give 70. hand
!XOO g//xu/u$ |na~n safla
JU|'HOAN g!xo~a~ u/
s?@i, s?fli
ts? /
?o/lo /ga?@i //kx'afla$ /ga@na '?na~je; da~2na ?qha~i (pl. ?qha~ba-te)fl ?gu/a$ gu/le (dry); ts'a@?bi ?Ga@...no ?a~je, ?a~a$ sa~2a$ tafla
n!a~ma~ ; ?ha~ /au?$ (v.) //'a~? ~-s? ~ n!u~...u/bu/ ; do~a~2ra~ ! a ? ~$ g?ho~a~, g?hu/?$/, ~x'u/? / n!u~ n//o2...o~ro~ n/o/ !ha/ n/a/? / z&u~
tafla qa/e ; |a~>a$ (pl.) dsha~u/
tafla 'a~2a !qha/a$ /kx'a~a
!'hoa~$ /'a~n ; ?o~a~na~ g!a/u
KHOEKHOE //goa-b ~guu
ha
dao-b !am /ga$b ?gais hai-s ari-b, ari-s
~uwu-s soro-b khoo-b //gan-i //nui-b khoe-b
tara-s
ao-b ma !om-s
27
KWADI
th?/-di 'au-de [Naro]
SANDAWE
ke h ?/k' ? ~ (s.), n ? /? ~ (pl.) / ? / (s.), /na~t?(/ pl.); nofl //oo dza&a$ga~ ?u/pa~ /'aa the&e ka/aka~
HADZA gu~lu~ngu~r? / haka-
dza-
yeke nayo?ena hats'a ts'iti // ha/?a~no~
kxo-di k"o-le [NKh]
t?e-e [NKh]
tala-tce-e, k?/e/-tce-e k"o/-kho2/-de2 [NKh]
d?~?a/ tlafl ke~le$~ba/ /n?$ tshafla$ /nomese [m.], /nomesu [f.] tha/me~tshu/
ma/xa~ iee tl'u$/u (arm)
?u?e hekw'a ?ahu mana hits'a ?unu, hadza
?akwiti
?eme kwe ?ukwa
71. nail 72. tail 73. horn 74. head
75. eye 76. to see 77. to know 78. to hear 79. ear 80. nose 81. tongue 82. to say 83. mouth 84. name 85. to eat 86. to bite 87. to drink 88. tooth 89. neck 90. belly
91. breast
!XOO //ga'~ m /a~u$ //a@e$ /na~n
/'ufl?$ /na@a$ /guflma$ ta/2a$ ?nu~2a$ //nu~?=a `/na~2n te/:e$ ; ta/m ?ufle /a~u$ `afla$ s? /...i kx'a@?a$ //qha~a$ ?kx'a~o$ !hu@ma
G?qhe~e$
JU|'HOAN !u~...u/ru/ !xu/? / !hu/ n/a/i
g/a~'a/ ho !'ha~$ tsa~...a / /'hu/? / ts'u/$ ; ?u ?~?$ dhar? ~ ko~ kxa/m / !u/ 'm n!a/? / tch? ~ n//a? ; ts'a~u~ !a~? ~$ g!u /
ku~
KHOEKHOE //goro-b ?are-p //na$-b tana-s
mu$-s mu$ ?an //na$u ?gae-s ?gui-s nam-s (*dam-) m?$ am-s (*kxam-) /on-s ?u$ na$ a (*kxa) //gu$-b !ao-p !na$-p
sam-s
KWADI
tshe,@ pl. tshu@'e [NKh] Si-di [NKh]
go2-deTM tSwi-de [NKh] tamen-de [NKh]
p?/'i [Naro]
SANDAWE tsw'a/?a/ tsw'a&a tla/na/ tse&e
/oee ~ /wee /afl$ (s.), /afl (pl.) manaa khe/?e/ ke/ke/ /na/th ?$~ ~he$ bofl ~num // wa ma$fltsha~ /' ?$~k'e/ ts'e/e ~'akha$ kw'efle$ tl'a~b? /so/
/'ina
HADZA
ba?u ts'aho lo?o tl'oma
?akwa / h ? ~ tsahe n//a?e hac'apiciko ?intawe n/a/ta~ tl'odzo ?awani, ?awati ?akana semekatl'efa ?aha / hu/t ? ~, //uti //'a/mba~, ts'oho, hots &a k'atsa
28
!XOO
JU|'HOAN
92. heart 93. liver 94. blood 95. to stand
96. to sit
97. to lie (down)
98. to sleep 99. to die
100. to kill
/q'a~n //na~m /na~2a //huflu$ ; `||nu?a$ (pl.)
tshuflu ; !'a/?a$ (pl.)
tuflu
?afln /'afla
qafli
!kx'a/ ; ?a/o/
tch ? /$
/'a/N ; z&a2...a~
n!u/$ (sing. subj.); g//a~ (pl. subj.)
n|aN (sing. subj.); g!ho~o/ (pl. subj.)
cu/ (sing. subj.); g?a/ (pl. subj.)
ts'a/
!a/? / (sing. subj.); !a~o~ (pl. subj.)
!hu/$ (sing. subj.); !'o/a/$ (pl. subj.)
KHOEKHOE ?gao-b a$i-s (*kxa$i-) /aob ma$
?no$a
//goe
//om //o
!kam
KWADI ts'o-de [NKh]
SANDAWE HADZA
dz ?~g?/da~ t ha/s? /no/
//'e/ka~
//nu/me/, //ume (s.), ?e/e (pl.)
ha&ana~k ? /, ha~k ?/ts' ?~
//n ? /ne/
?asats &i //e/ ?atama ?iki
hama
?ase
//'ofl (n.) ?a~? ~te/, tla&as? ~
k'e/e, wa/kw'a~, hu/kw'a~
//uphi, ?ase da//'e, tan//'i-, misi-
//o
29
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