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Ridgewood Summer Invitational

Questions written and edited by Ridgewood High School (Ben Bechtold, Zoe Blecher-Cohen, Bryan Clarendon, Aryan Falahatpisheh, Esther Sun, Thomas Husband, Louis Lim, Karen Montero, Mark Perfect, Sanjana Rajagopal, Abbas Raza, Jonah Salzman-Cohen, Justin Shin, David Song, Kara Vo, and Claire Walter) with help from Ben Zhang

Round 01-Tossups

1. One work of this movement shows a woman in blue and white on a balcony watching workers lift poles to form the walls of a new building. That work is The Street Enters the House. It was founded by Filippo Marinetti, and works in this movement include Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash and another which shows streetlight in the form of Vs and intersecting lines. Besides (*) Abstract Speed + Sound, the most famous work in this movement depicts the flow and dynamics of an armless man in mid-stride. For 10 points, identify this Italian art movement whose members include Giacomo Balla and the artist of Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, Umberto Boccioni, and which emphasized modernity.

ANSWER: Futurism [accept word forms]

2. One demon belonging to this belief resides in dirty bathrooms and licks the floor. Seven deities of luck live on its Treasure Ship, and one deity in this myth system is killed after disgusting the moon god by throwing up a meal. Another figure in it transforms a princess into a comb and kills one of his sister’s attendants (*) by throwing a flayed horse in the sun goddess’ cave. That same god had also pulled a “grass-cutter” sword from the tail of the 8-headed dragon Orochi. Torii are gates built in front of the shrines in this belief. Said to have 8 million kami, for 10 points, identify this Japanese myth system whose deities include Susano’o and Amaterasu.

ANSWER: Shinto mythology [or Shintoism; accept Japanese mythology before mentioned]

3. This ruler melted down a golden statue of Marduk in retaliation for Babylonian revolts in his kingdom. This king built the Gate of All Nations and the Hall of a Hundred Columns in his empire’s capital. He also ordered the lashing of a waterway after he initially failed to build his namesake Pontoon Bridges on it. That act was part of an invasion, in which he had early victories in capturing (*) Athens, which, according to Herodotus, he burned. Defeated at the Battle of Salamis, for 10 points, name this Persian king, son of Darius, who led the second failed Persian invasion of Greece

ANSWER: Xerxes I [accept Xerxes the Great, prompt on Xerxes)

4. Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher formulated this concept while at the RAND Corporation in 1950. Richard Dawkins suggested that alternate strategies could be more successful than tit for tat in situations that can be modeled with this concept. William Poundstone related this problem to nuclear detente in the cold war, while another example described by it included two competing cigarette advertisers who reached a (*) Nash equilibrium. In the most common formulation of this game, players receive six months if both cooperate but ten years if their partner defects. For 10 points, name this common situation in game theory involving two would-be convicts.

ANSWER: The Prisoner’s Dilemma

5. One way to measure these phenomena subtracts 4 from B over 2 and is known as the TORRO scale. Types of them include “wedge”, “stovepipe”, and “rope”, and they often develop from supercells. These phenomena can be detected on Doppler radar by the presence of a hook edge. Convergence of warm air in an updraft, and cool air from the downdraft region of a (*) storm may contribute to the formation of them, as do shear winds going in opposite directions. The most common scale used to rate these phenomena is based primarily on the damage they inflict on human built structures and vegetation, the Fujita scale. For 10 points, name these violent rotating cyclones, commonly seen in a namesake Midwest “Alley”.

ANSWER: tornadoes [accept twisters; prompt on “cyclones”]

6. Unusually, this religion derides fasting as being spiritually meaningless and unbeneficial. A yellow triangle with three swords is this religion’s official flag, whose members advocated the creation of a new state called Khalistan. Its baptism ceremony, known as Amrit, involves drinking sugar water. Possessing a kachera and kirpan and having uncut hair are three of its (*) “Five K’s”. Followers of this religion assassinated Indira Gandhi after Operation Blue Star, which attacked this religion’s Golden Temple in Amritsar. Its fifth leader, Arjun Dev, compiled its central text. For 10 points, name this faith founded by Nanak and currently led by its eleventh guru, the book Adi Granth.

ANSWER: Sikhism

7. A large sarcophagus was built on the site of this event, which is to be supplemented by the New Safe Confinement project by 2013. The Red Forest was a result of this event, which was the only category 7 event of its type until 2011. It was discovered by workers in Forsmark, Sweden and led to the abandonment of the town of Pripyat. The cover up of this event helped lead to the eventual policy of (*) glasnost. It began in Unit 4 and was sparked by a sudden power surge, where after the emergency shutdown, an even greater power surge occurred. For 10 points, name this April 1986 event which saw the nuclear meltdown of a Ukrainian power plant.

ANSWER: Chernobyl

8. Characters in this work feel pity for a round-faced coal businessman whose wife is a “scold”; Baxter Martin and his father later help that man, Summers. One character in this work calls young people “a pack of crazy fools,” and this story starts on June 27th instead of June 2nd because only about 300 people live in its central location. Steve Adams, Old Man Warner, (*) and Mrs. Delacroix encourage their friends to help conclude this story’s the central event, in which Tessie Hutchinson is selected. For 10 points, name this short story about an annual stoning to ensure good crops, written by Shirley Jackson.

ANSWER: “The Lottery”

9. Heron of Alexandria lists five of these mechanisms that can "set a load in motion" in his work “Mechanics”. The principle of virtual work may be used to find the ratio of their output force to the input force. This class of device includes an object named for (*) Archimedes and usually used to transport water. Archimedes identified three of them, although many modern scientists believe there are six. When these objects are combined, the product of their individual mechanical advantages gives the new mechanical advantage. For 10 points, identify this class of object that includes the wheel and axle, pulley, and lever.

ANSWER: simple machines

10. This composer’s upbeat Carnival Overture was part of a trilogy called “Nature, Life, and Love.” This composer wrote a piece intended to finish “stormily” that quotes the song “The Cypresses” and was premiered by Leo Stern. One of his tone poems features an imp marrying a girl in an underwater castle. This man, who wrote a cello concerto in B Minor, also created an opera concluding with a duet between the Prince and the titular daughter of a lake gnome. This man’s final symphony includes melodies like “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot,” which he picked up on a trip to the United States. (*) For 10 points, name this Czech composer of The Water Goblin, Rusalka, Slavonic Dances, and Symphony From the New World.

ANSWER: Antonín Dvořák

11. This country is home to the city of Thetford Mines, and was home to the Jeffrey mine in the town of Asbestos. Earlier miners passing through the western edge of this country used the eastern side of the Chilkoot Pass. This country was supplanted by Kazakhstan as the world’s largest uranium producer in 2009, but its McArthur Mine in the Athabaska basin continues to produce millions of pounds of yellowcake annually. Recently, its town of (*) Ft. McMurray has seen massive development of its tar sands for oil production. For 10 points, name this country rich in minerals and fossil fuels which would benefit from the construction of the Keystone Pipeline to its southern neighbor.

ANSWER: Canada

12. This character is woken in the middle of the night by a woman ripping a wedding veil. John Reed beats this character, his cousin, in Gateshead Hall, after which this character is sent to the “Red Room.” This character later recognizes a man disguised as a gypsy palm-reader as her employer. St. John Rivers proposes marriage to this woman, whose uncle John from Madeira leaves her twenty thousand pounds. She leaves the (*) Lowood School to become Adele Varens’ governess at Thornfield, where she hears stories of a third-floor room containing a madwoman. For 10 points, name this character who marries Mr. Rochester after Bertha Mason’s death and titles a novel by Charlotte Bronte.

ANSWER: Jane Eyre [accept either name]

13. Plotting this quantity against temperature for helium at the Lambda point gives a graph that looks like the letter lambda. In an adiabatic process, pressure times volume raised to a ratio of two types of this quantity is constant. The Debye model predicts a cubic dependence on temperature at low temperatures for this value, and that model works better at lower temperatures than the Einstein model. For solids, it is approximately equal to three times the (*) ideal gas constant divided by molar mass according to the Dulong-Petit Law. This value for water is 4.18 joules per gram per kelvin. For 10 points, name this quantity, the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

ANSWER: specific heat capacity

14. In 1991, Piero Cannata attacked and partially damaged this work. Antonio Rossellino and Agostino di Duccio were each supposed to create this work, but abandoned it due to imperfections in the source material. A now-lost gold garland once decorated it, which was commissioned for the roof of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore but ended up in the Piazza della Signoria due to its weight. A replica had a detachable (*) fig leaf because of the shock of Queen Victoria in seeing this statue’s phallus, which is uncircumcised, atypical of the Old Testament story it portrays. For 10 points, name this statue by Michelangelo depicting a biblical figure before his battle with Goliath.

ANSWER: Michelangelo's David

15. This man was born in the Philippines to a mother with whom he later appeared in a pro-life television commercial. This man’s achievements led to a spike in Google searches for chapter 3 verse 16 of a book of the Bible while his name has also been the source of a neologism involving a (*) kneeling position. In 2009, he was the first sophomore to win a Heisman Trophy, doing so as a Florida Gator. More recently, he was acquired by a team where he will compete for playing time with Mark Sanchez. FTP, name this former Broncos quarterback who became a New York Jet in 2012.

ANSWER: Tim Tebow

16. This man was preceded by Alice Palmer and Peter Fitzgerald in various positions he later held. He later benefitted through Jack Ryan’s withdrawal from a campaign, which allowed him to easily defeat Alan Keyes by a more than 2-1 margin. His brother in-law has been the basketball coach of Oregon State since 2008, while he met with cousins in the town of Moneygall in 2011. This man gave a speech drawing on the ideas of Reinhold Niebuhr, which was praised by (*) Sarah Palin and bashed by Dennis Kucinich in 2009. For 10 points, name this man, whose mother, Stanley Ann Dunham died in 2005, and whose last surviving grandparent died two days before he was elected president in 2008.

ANSWER: Barack Hussein Obama II

17. Rockets were first utilized against war elephants in the Battle of Sanbal by a ruler of this dynasty, and they were also employed by another ruler during the Siege of Bidar. Under Aurangzeb, this empire was at its peak of territorial expansion. The last ruler of this dynasty was exiled to Burma, and the last of the Delhi Sultanates, Ibrahim Lodi, was defeated at the First Battle of (*) Panipat by the first ruler of this dynasty. Through Chagatai Khan and Timur, emperors of this dynasty claimed to descend directly from Genghis Khan. Architectural feats such as the Red Fort, Jama Masjid, and the Taj Mahal were built during the reign of this empire. For 10 points, name this Muslim Empire in India which fell in the 19th century and featured rulers such as Babur and Akbar the Great.

ANSWER: Mughal Empire

18. An engineer from this nation takes part in a pre-Christian ritual in Iguape, Brazil in the short story “The Growing Stone.” A poem from this nation describes an object that was “Lighter than a cork” as it “danced on the waves.” Another collection from this nation contains a poem “To the Reader” that calls “My double - my brother!” The collection Exile and the Kingdom and the poems (*) “The Drunken Boat” and “A Season in Hell” were written by authors from here. Another collection from here is divided into sections like “Death,” “Wine,” “Revolt,” and “Spleen and Ideal”; that collection is The Flowers of Evil. For 10 points, identify this country home to writers like Arthur Rimbaud, Albert Camus, and Charles Baudelaire.

ANSWER: France

19. P. jirovicii is a fungus that attacks this organ in patients with AIDS. Tidal volume and vital capacity are values relevant to these organs, which may house over 20 generations of a certain “tree”. Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II in these organs. Structures in them secrete a surfactant that prevents their collapse, and these organs are covered by a thin tissue called the (*) pleural membrane. Diseases that can affect these organs include pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema and asthma. Containing bronchioles and alveoli, for 10 points, name these respiratory organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood.

ANSWER lungs

20. One character created by this author learns to play an instrument using only sheet music and radio broadcasts. One novel by this author features a brothel where old men must sleep with narcotized girls without performing indecent acts. In another of his works, a depressed student falls in love with a young girl, but views himself as her older brother after seeing her in a public bath. This author of one hundred and forty “Palm-of-Hand” Stories, The House of the Sleeping Beauties, and “The Dancing Girl of Izu” wrote one novel about a love affair between (*) Shimamura and the geisha Komako. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of Thousand Cranes, The Sound of the Mountain, and Snow Country.

ANSWER: Yasunari Kawabata [accept in either order]

TIEBREAKER

In this work, “Big Knife” dies by drinking too much and slipping off his horse, while “Hairy Priest” needs no weapons to kill a tiger. In one episode in this work, the “Original Seven” rob a convoy of birthday gifts intended for minister Cai Jing. Nearly two-thirds of a group in this novel die after quelling the Fang La revolt, and Gao Qiu kills off the rest one by one. Chao Gai founded the central group of this novel, which includes thirty-six (*) Heavenly Spirits and seventy-two Earthly Fiends. For 10 points, name this classic Chinese novel set in the Song dynasty about one hundred and eight bandit-heroes.

ANSWER: The Water Margin [accept Outlaws of the Marsh, All Men are Brothers, The Marshes of Mount Liang, or Shuihu Zhuan]

Round 01-Bonuses

1. One edition of this publication predicted the death of Titan Leeds, and it later published his obituary. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this publication that attacked John Jerman and once featured a preface from Bridget Saunders.

ANSWER: Poor Richard’s Almanack [accept phonetic variants]

[10] This other famous reference work claims human knowledge is divided broadly into reason, memory, and imagination. It was head-edited by Denis Diderot and Jean Rond de Alembert.

ANSWER: Encyclopedie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers [or Encyclopaedia, or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts and Crafts]

[10] Samuel Johnson’s work in this reference form features one hundred thirty-four definitions of the word “take.” Other examples of this reference work were published by Noah Webster.

ANSWER: a dictionary of the English language [or an English dictionary]

2. Its speed in a vacuum is approximately 3x10^8 meters per second. For 10 points each;

[10] Name this phenomenon, examples of which include X-rays and radio waves.

ANSWER: light [accept electromagnetic waves or radiation]

[10] This experiment demonstrated the wave-particle duality of light by producing interference fringes. It has also been conducted with electrons by Akira Tonomura.

ANSWER: Young’s Double Slit Experiment [accept either underlined part]

[10] A light wave is said to have this property if its electric field remains in a fixed direction as the wave propagates. Only transverse waves such as light can have this property.

ANSWER: Linear polarization [accept word forms]

3. For 10 points each, name these Winter Olympic host cities.

[10] The 2010 Olympics were held in this British Columbia city, which shares its name with a nearby island. The nearby city of Whistler hosted many skiing and snowboarding events

ANSWER: Vancouver

[10] Women’s Ice Hockey was introduced in this city’s Olympics in 1998, which also saw Hermann Meier take a hard fall in the Men’s Downhill. This city

ANSWER: Nagano

[10] This Russian city on the Black Sea will hold its country’s first Winter Olympics in 2014; 4 years later, it will be one of the venues for the FIFA World Cup.

ANSWER: Sochi

4. He wrote the textbook Principles of Psychology, for 10 points each

[10] Name this Harvard professor who founded functionalism, the author of The Varieties of Religious Experience and another which was subtitled “A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking”.

ANSWER: William James [prompt on “James”]

[10] “A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking” was the subtitle of William James’s work on this practical philosophy, which was also promoted by John Dewey and C. S. Pierce.

ANSWER: pragmatism [accept word forms]

[10] William James founded functionalism because he disagreed with this theory, which states that the conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations.

ANSWER: structuralism [accept word forms]

5.Name some famous people from the Garden State for 10 points each,

[10] This astronaut from Montclair followed Neil Armstrong out of the Eagle.

ANSWER: Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin

[10] This 54th governor of New Jersey was the former CEO of MF Global and Goldman Sachs. He ended up in the hospital when he wasn’t wearing his seat belt during an embarassing moment while governor.

ANSWER: Jon Corzine

[10] This former Ridgewood resident was the sixth winner of American Idol.

ANSWER: Jordin Sparks

6. The central characters of this book are rescued after the sinking of the Abraham Lincoln. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this novel in which Pierre Arronax, Ned Land, and Conseil are picked up by Captain Nemo’s Nautilus, written by Jules Verne.

ANSWER: Twenty-Thousand Leagues Under the Seas [or Vingt mille lieues sous les mers]

[10] After a battle with a cuttlefish, Arronax alludes to a scene from this Victor Hugo novel in which Gilliatt fights an octopus as he rescues the engine from the shipwreck of the Durande.

ANSWER: The Toilers of the Sea [or Les Travailleurs de la Mer]

[10] The sequel to Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is titled after a “mysterious” one of these entites. St. Mael baptizes a group of birds in an Anatole France novel named after a “penguin” one of these.

ANSWER: an island [or une Île (“eel”)]

7. For 10 points each, name some large cities.

[10] While now the third largest city by population in the USA, this city is home to the Second City comedy troupe.

ANSWER: Chicago

[10] This city’s metropolitan area is currently the most populous in the world, with around 34 million inhabitants.

ANSWER: Tokyo

[10] This city shares its name with a municipality with a population of some 28 million. It is the only city that has the “municipality” designation to be located in inland China.

ANSWER: Chongqing

8. For 10 points each, name these poisonous elements

[10] This element with atomic number 4 was once detected by its sweet taste. As one of the least dense metals, it is used in X-ray tubes because it is transparent to X-rays.

ANSWER: Beryllium [accept Be]

[10] This poisonous element is commonly used in insecticides and was once used in the pigment Paris Green. It is thought to have been the cause of Napoleon Bonaparte’s death because high levels of it were found in his hair.

ANSWER: Arsenic [accept As]

[10] This element’s name means “monk-killer”. It is commonly used to enhance the hardness of lead.

ANSWER: Antimony [accept Sb]

9. Many of these pieces feature a sixteenth note, thirty-second rest, thirty-second note rhythmic figure typical of gypsy music. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this set of nineteen piano pieces based on a certain country’s folk themes. Many were arranged for orchestra by Franz Doppler.

ANSWER: Hungarian Rhapsodies

[10] This composer of the Mefisto Waltzes, twelve Transcendental Etudes, and the piece La Campanella also composed the Hungarian Rhapsodies.

ANSWER: Franz Ritter Von Liszt

[10] Liszt composed a set of three solo piano pieces with this name, the last of which is a setting of a Ferdinand Freiligrath poem. They depict three different forms of love.

ANSWER: Liebestraume

10. The best known one of these is about a frog leaping into an old pond. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this form of poetry, often about nature, and written in three phases of 5-7-5.

ANSWER: Haikus

[10] This Japanese poet wrote the aforementioned haiku and the collections Records of a Travel-Worn Satchel and Narrow Road to the Deep North.

ANSWER: Matsuo Basho [or Kinsaku; or Chuemon Munefusa; accept two-word in either order]

[10] Haiku poetry developed from the 5-7-5 hokku stanzas of this generic form of Japanese collaborative poetry, in which the Buddhist poet Sogi wrote. Basho’s early works were in the haikai form of this style, and other forms of it included kasen.

ANSWER: renga

11. For 10 points each,, name these extremely tall buildings.

[10] This Taiwanese building was the tallest building in the world until 2010; its name reflects the number of floors it has.

ANSWER: Taipei 101

[10] These towers in the Kuala Lampur, Malaysia are the tallest twin towers in the world.

ANSWER: Petronas Towers

[10] At 1,776 feet tall, this building will be the tallest in the U.S. when completed.

ANSWER: One World Trade Center [prompt on “World Trade Center”, accept “Freedom Tower”]

12. For 10 points each, answer the following about a Dutch artist:

[10] This man made woodprints and lithographs such as Waterfall and Ascending and Descending, in addition to a works depicting two hands drawing each other and other impossible things.

ANSWER: M(aurits) C(ornelis) Escher

[10] The lithograph Ascending and Descending incorporates the Penrose type of these objects. Charles Peale painted one of these that was realistic enough to fool George Washington.

ANSWER: stairs [accept steps; accept staircases]

[10] This other Escher lithograph has three sources of gravity in the same image. There are 11 featureless people, including two who are eating and one who is reading. The stairs form a triangle in the middle of the picture.

ANSWER: Relativity

13. Name the following famous gridiron escapades For 10 points each:

[10] This Super Bowl was the first to be called by a number and proved the worth of the AFL compared to the NFL. The Colts were expected to win this Super Bowl, but Joe Namath and the Jets succeeded.

ANSWER: Super Bowl III

[10] This Super Bowl was largely won due to the efforts of the Forty-Niners Joe Montana and Jerry Rice. In this Super Bowl, Montana completed one last pass with 34 seconds left to play on a 94-yard drive.

ANSWER: Super Bowl XXIII

[10] This is the religiously inspired name given to a catch that Franco Harris ran in for a touchdown during a 1972 AFC Divisional Playoff game.

ANSWER: Immaculate Reception

14. Answer the following about tectonic plates, for 10 points each:

[10] This largest tectonic plate lies under its namesake ocean and contains the hotspot that generated the Hawaiian islands.

ANSWER: Pacific plate

[10] The subduction of the Pacific plate is partially responsible for this hotbed of geologic activity surrounding the Pacific Ocean, and its name comes from the large number of volcanoes it contains.

ANSWER: Pacific Ring of Fire

[10] The subduction of this smallest tectonic plate is responsible for the creation of the Cascade Range and contributes to the Ring of Fire. It is named for a Spaniard who explored the Pacific Northwest.

ANSWER: Juan de Fuca plate

15. He worked in Florence with Lorenzo Ghiberti, and his most famous statue was commissioned by Cosimo de’ Medici. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this sculptor who was most famous for his bronze David, a nude rendition in a feathered hat with one foot on top of Goliath’s severed head.

ANSWER: Donatello

[10] This bronze statue by Donatello, depicting Erasmo of Narni riding a horse, is located in the Piazza del Santo.

ANSWER: The Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata

[10] This church in Florence, built in 1337, houses sculptures from a plethora of artists, including Verrocchio’s Christ and St. Thomas, Lamberti’s St. James, and most famously, Donatello’s St. George and St. Mark.

ANSWER: Orsanmichele

16. Name the following people in Greek mythology who fell from great heights, for 10 points each:

[10] This king of Athens fainted and fell into his namesake sea after seeing a ship with black sails, meaning that his son Theseus was killed by the Minotaur.

ANSWER: Aegeus

[10] Daedalus pushed this nephew out of a tower after he invented the saw from a fishbone. He was saved by Athena and turned into a partridge.

ANSWER: Perdix

[10] This son of Helios fell to his death after losing control of the sun chariot. In order to protect the Earth from burning, Zeus shot him out of the sky with a thunderbolt, prompting his fall into the Eridanus river.

ANSWER: Phaeton

17. Name some ancient capitals, for 10 points each:

[10] Sargon II created a library at this ancient city, while Sennacherib moved the capital of the Assyrian empire from Calah to it.

ANSWER: Nineveh

[10]This city, home to its namesake Mosque and the tomb of Askia, rebelled against Mali in 1375. Shortly after this city became the established capital of the Songhai empire.

ANSWER: Gao

[10] Possessing the Sacred Precinct and the Templo Mayor, this Aztec capital fell to the Spanish in 1521.

ANSWER: Tenochitlan

18. The dead in this religion are placed in dakhmas, or Towers of Silence, for 10 points each:

[10] Name this Persian religion whose most important text is the Zend-Avesta.

ANSWER: Zoroastrianism [accept word forms; do not accept “Zoroaster”]

[10] In Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda fights this deity of evil who commands the daevas and killed Gayomart, the first man. Along with Ahura Mazda, he is a son of Zurvan.

ANSWER: Angra Mainyu [or Ahriman]

[10] All souls had to pass through this structure after death, where judgment will be passed. Depending on the person’s deeds, it would either narrow and lead to the House of Lies or widen and lead to the House of Song.

ANSWER: Chinvat bridge [or Chinvat Peretum]

19. Name these components of the nervous system, for 10 points each:

[10] This is the junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap where impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.

ANSWER: synapses

[10] These parts of neurons transmit electrical impulses to dendrites. They are covered by a myelin sheath and may be as long as several feet.

ANSWER: axons

[10] This is the supportive tissue of the nervous system that maintains homeostasis, forms myelin and provides support and protection for neurons in the brain.

ANSWER: neuroglia [accept glial cells]

20. The characters in this work are travelling to the tomb of Thomas Becket. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this work by Geoffrey Chaucer in which the Innkeeper proposes a storytelling competition among a group of pilgrims.

ANSWER: The Canterbury Tales

[10] In this tale, the cousins Arcite and Palamon duel for the hand of Emily. Arcite wins but dies before claiming her, resulting in Emily’s marriage to Palamon.

ANSWER: The Knight’s Tale

[10] This tale is a response to the Miller’s tale, which the speaker of this tale sees as offensive to carpentry, his old profession. In it, John and Alan escape the thieving miller Symkyn and sleep with his wife and daughter.

ANSWER: The Reeve’s Tale

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