Europa
|[pic] | | |
| | | |
| | |EUROPEAN COMMISSION |
| | |DIRECTORATE-GENERAL |
| | |ENVIRONMENT |
| | |Directorate A – Green Economy |
| | |ENV.A.3 - Chemicals |
| | |
Draft COMPOSITE REPORT
in accordance with
ARTICLE 24 of DIRECTIVE 98/8/EC concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market
Covering the period from December 2009 to November 2012
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. RESULTS 3
2.1. Information on poisonings 3
2.1.1. Answers provided by MS 4
3. ANNEXES 14
INTRODUCTION
Article 24 of the Biocides Directive 98/8/EC stipulates that Member States have to take the necessary arrangements to monitor their market and make sure it complies with the requirements of the Directive.
These arrangements, together with information on poisoning incidents involving biocidal products, should then be reported by each Member State to the Commission, by 30 November of every third year following the year of entry into force of the Directive (2000). The Commission, based on these reports, will then prepare and publish a composite report within a year. This will be the fourth round of reporting under Article 24 since the entry into force of the Directive.
On 22 May 2012, Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products (BPR) was adopted. It repealed and replaced Directive 98/8/EC, and is applicable as of 1 September 2013. The Regulation was published on 27 June 2012. In the BPR, Article 65 lays down the provisions with regard to monitoring and reporting activities addressing the implementation within the Member States. These include information on poisoning by biocidal products.
Given this new legislation and based on the information in the previous reports, no major changes in the Member States' current implementation status were to be expected. Therefore it was agreed in a meeting with the Biocides Competent Authorities in July 2012 to limit the data collection to poisoning information.
However, Member States were kindly invited to inform the Commission if other significant changes came up with respect to the national situation.
At the same time, the composite report will provide the stakeholders and the general public with a source of valuable information on these matters. In order to facilitate and harmonise the structure of reporting, the Commission prepared and sent to the Member States a questionnaire focussing on the statistics on poisonings.
A majority of the Member States, Norway and Switzerland sent reports following the Commission questionnaire format. No reports were received from Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland and Portugal.
RESULTS
1 Information on poisonings
The Member States were asked if they have appointed in accordance with Article 23 of the BPD, a body or bodies responsible for receiving information on biocidal products and for making such information available to them in cases of suspected poisonings, and if yes, to provide details (name and contact details of the body, the arrangements made to ensure the confidentiality of the product information).
In addition they were requested to provide information on the number of poisonings from biocidal products that were reported in their country in 2010-2012, as well as the type of product or substance involved. An overview of the poisonings per Member State can be found in Annex I to this report.
All Member States have appointed specific bodies responsible for collecting information on biocidal products in accordance with Article 23 of the BPD and making available this information in cases of suspected poisonings.
18 Member States and Norway and Switzerland reported specific arrangements which they have made to ensure the confidentiality of information provided by companies. In part of the cases, reference is made to national legislation providing measures to ensure confidentiality. Some Member States communicated the establishment of rules that allow the sharing of information only in cases of emergencies and/or medical purposes. Besides physical measures it was reported that the information is available in IT secured data bases, often only accessible by appointed professionals (e.g. staff, medical professionals,…).
However, based on the information we received it is not possible to draw a detailed graph about the number of poisonings and the product types involved. . It is not always clear whether these are linked to biocidal products, plant protection products, detergents, or products containing dangerous chemical substances in general. In addition some Member States reported the calls registered at the responsible body, which in the end do not necessarily imply poisonings.
Some Member States provided a breakdown according to the age of the exposure victims. This shows, maybe not surprisingly, that a significant number of the incidents are related to children. Some amount up to almost half of the intoxications reported. Some Member State contributions identified whether the exposure is due to accidents or to intentional self-harm. It turns out that voluntary exposure by biocides is rather limited.
Nevertheless, taking into account this information, it is possible to point out that a majority of the poisonings is related to the professional or household use of disinfectants, insecticides and rodenticides. Also repellents and wood preservatives are frequently mentioned. Where it was possible to identify the active substances, we can see that the following substances are repeatedly involved: bromadiolone, brodifacoum, difenacoum, permethrin, pyrethrins and pyrethroids, sodium hypochlorite, organophosphates and carbamates…
Three Member States, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden, have submitted information on animal poisoning. This reveals that rodenticides are the main intoxicants in the majority of the cases.
1 Answers provided by MS
In this chapter one can find the details of the responsible poison centres per Member State. In addition indication is provided on how confidentiality is maintained when handling the collected data.
Austria
Vergiftungsinformationszentrale für Österreich
Stubenring 6
A-1010 Vienna
Tel.: +43 1 4064343-0
This body was appointed in accordance with para. 27 (5) of the Austrian Act on Biocidal Products, Federal Law Gazette I No. 105/2000
The current Act on Biocidal Products in Austria, Federal Law Gazette I No 105/2000, (see paras. 27 (5) and 33) as well as the new Act on Biocidal Products in Austria, Federal Law Gazette I No 105/2013, (see para. 9) legally obliges the body appointed to receive information on biocidal products and to make such information available in cases of suspected poisoning.
The Vergiftungsinformationszentrale für Österreich cannot make use of the data it receives from the Competent Authority, except for responding to any medical demand by formulating preventive and curative measures, in particular in case of emergencies. In Austria it is therefore ensured by binding legal provisions (of administrative nature), that the body receiving information about biocidal products does not use the information for other purposes. Additionally, it can be stated that because of the nature of the “Vergiftungsinformationszentrale für Österreich” as a non-profit, official organisation, and the internal procedures established within that body, confidentiality of the information received also in practical terms is ensured.
Belgium
Centre Antipoisons - Antigifcentrum
C/O Hôpital Central de la Base Reine Astrid
Rue Bruyn, 1
1120 Bruxelles
info@poisoncentre
.
The Belgian Royal Decree of 22 MAY 2003 concerning the placing on the market and use of biocidal products, article 44 ensures the confidentiality of the product information which is available by the Belgian Poison Control Center.
The Belgian Poison Control Center is a public utility foundation and is a member of the European Association of Poison Centres and Clinical Toxicologists.
Denmark
The responsible body in Denmark is;
Danish Poison Information Centre
”Giftlinjen” Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
Bispebjerg Bakke 23
2400 København NV
Tel./Fax: +45 35313999/ +45 35313999
Estonia
The Competent authority, responsible for receiving information on biocidal products and for making such information available in cases of suspected poisonings, is:
Poison Information Centre
Health Board
Postal address: Gonsiori 29, Tallinn 10147
Phone: (+372) 6269 390; Fax: (+372) 6269 371; E-mail: info@16662.ee
The product information is handled as a trade secret and therefore is not released to outsiders. The collected information is used only for the purpose of medical advice in case of poisonings.
The Poison Information Database is accessible only for the Poison Information Centre´s employees and is protected by the security system ISKE on medium level: T2S2K2.
Finland
The Finnish Poison Information Centre is the appointed body for collecting data on poisonings.
Finnish Poison Information Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital
P.O. Box 790 (Tukholmankatu 17), 00029 Helsinki, Finland
Phone: +358-9-471 977, Fax: +358-9-471 74 702
The Finnish Poison Information Centre has been receiving confidential product information both from commercial companies and the authorities for over 50 years, and has in place all necessary arrangements to ensure the confidentiality of information provided. These include: fully closed office spaces with access limited through electronic access control, dedicated databases only accessible for Centre Staff and situated within the firewall of the Helsinki University Central Hospital data systems. All staff health care professionals are used to handle confidential patient data. The training and work culture is in place to guarantee appropriate handling of confidential information.
No data can be made available from the Finnish Poison Information Centre on poisonings involving biocidal products in 2009-2012. Providing such data would require a special analysis of poison information centre call-data and retrieval of additional information is not possible with the current resources.
France
The INRS (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité) is responsible for receiving information about the full composition of biocidal products, in accordance with article 23 of directive 98/8/EC. Companies shall notify to INRS this information, which is stored in a database only accessible to Poisoning surveillance centers. This declaration shall preferably be made via the so-called Synapse website. This database can be consulted only by accredited staff from the antipoison centres and the INRS.
Contact details:
INRS
Département Expertise et Conseil Technique
Risques Chimiques
65 boulevard Richard Lenoir
75011 Paris
FRANCE
declaration-synapse.fr.
inrs.fr
Germany
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment
Thielallee 88-92
14195 Berlin
Fax: +49-30-18412-4970
E-Mail: pressestelle@bfr.bund.de
State-of-the-art security measures (both, for physical and IT-security) have been put in place. Furthermore, by regulatory means, demands for information are strictly limited on a need-to-know basis.
Article 16e of the German Chemicals Act foresees that the details specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of that article must be treated confidentially. This information may only be used for the purpose of handling medical enquiries and in replying to such by specifying preventive and curative measures.
Hungary
National Institute of Chemical Safety
Health Toxicology Information Service
Nagyvárad square 2.
H-1097 Budapest
Phone: +36 1 476 6464 or +36 80 20 11 99
The data and Safety Data Sheets in the national register are handled confidentially. Based on the data base in case of poisoning or emergency, information is given to the public about first aid. Health professionals can get information about first aid, the symptoms and hazards related to a specific product.
Italy
The 'Istituto Superiore di Sanità' is the body appointed in Italy, in accordance with Article 23, responsible for receiving information on dangerous biocidal products and for making such information available to the anti-poisoning centres, in cases of suspected poisonings (see point 2.1). The access to the database containing information on the products is restricted
Latvia
The body appointed in Latvia is the National Poison Control Centre, Hipokrāta iela 2, Rīga, LV-1038, phone number +371 67042473
Information on biocidal products registered under national requirements is publicly available, provided it does not contain confidential information. Regarding the composition of biocidal products – only active substance(s) and its concentration are published. The rest of the product composition is available through a data base in which companies have to submit their annual report on produced or imported chemicals and mixtures, including, biocidal products. There are only a few institutions which have access to this data base. The system requires a user name and password..
Lithuania
The appointed body in Lithuania is:
Sveikatosapsaugosministerijos Ekstremaliųsveikataisituacijųcentras (Health Emergency Situations Centre of the Ministry of Health), Birutės str. 56,LT-08110 Vilnius, Lithuania, e-mail: essc@sam.lt, tel.:+370 5261 9888, fax: +370 5 231 4436, .
Rules for collecting and disseminating information on human poisonings and their specific prophylactic properties are laid down in Order No V-650 of 12th August 2005 of the Minister of Health. It is established that information that can be disseminated about products may only contain advice on poisoning diagnostics, prevention, first aid measures and antidotes.
Luxembourg
In Luxemburg there is the Directorate of Health - Division of Pharmacy and Medicinal Products. The receiving body is part of the administration, and as such it is considered that no further specific measures to ensure confidentiality should be needed
Malta
The responsible body in Malta is the 'Malta Competition and Consumer Affairs Authority' (MCCAA), Mizzi House, National Road, Blata l-Bajda, ĦMR9010,.
The manufacturer, importer, and/or trader, responsible for placing the product on the market shall send to the MCCAA information related to the full chemical composition, intended uses, type of use and general characteristics of the product.
By having this data bank, the MCCAA can contribute to the Medicines and Poisons Information Section, at Mater Dei Hospital (MDH-Malta), by allowing access to the information for health prevention purposes and for toxicological emergencies. MCCAA shall guarantee the industry the necessary confidentiality of the information stored in the archive, hence the Medicines and Poisons Information at MDH, who will have access to the archive, shall ensure an acceptable level of confidentiality as well.
Netherlands
Nationaal Vergiftigingen Informatie Centrum (NVIC)
(National Poisons Information Center)
University Medical Center Utrecht
PO Box 85500
3508 GA Utrecht
The National Poisons Information Centre (NVIC) of the Netherlands is appointed by the government as Article 23 body for receiving information on biocidal products. As a consequence the government guidelines on information security apply to this task of the NVIC. In addition, also information security arrangements of the University Medical Centre Utrecht are installed. Together these guidelines provide the necessary technical and procedural arrangements to ensure confidentiality of the product information. They are incorporated in the quality system of the NVIC
Poland
According to the Article 49 of Act of 13 Sept 2002 on biocidal products (Dz.U. z 2007, Nr 39, item 252 ), the toxicological centres specified by the Minister of Health acting in accordance with the regulation, are obliged to monitor the poisoning with biocidal products.
In the Minister of Health Regulation of 29 Aug 2006 on register of toxicological centres responsible for control of poisoning with biocidal products and on subjects obligated to report poisoning with biocidal products (Dz.U. Nr 161, item 1143 with amendments) the fallowing Toxicological Centres were established as responsible for control of poisoning with biocidal products in Poland:
1. Niepubliczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej
Pomeranian Toxicological Center,
ul. Kartuska 4/6,
80-104 Gdańsk
2. Poison Information Center
Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University,
Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny
Os. Złotej Jesieni 1;
31-826 Kraków
3. Center of Toxicological Information,
Oddział Toksykologii i Chorób Wewnętrznych,
Zespół Opieki Zdrowotnej Poznań-Jeżyce,
Szpital im. Franciszka Raszei,
ul. Mickiewicza 2;
60-834 Poznań
4. Office of Toxicological Information,
III Oddział Wewnętrzny z Pododdziałem Toksykologii,
Szpital Praski p.w. Przemienienia Pańskiego,
Al. Solidarności 67,
03-401 Warszawa.
The above centres are supplied by the Office for Registration with data on biocidal products authorised in Poland.
Documentation of reported cases of poisoning biocidal products is available only for CA.
Romania
The cases of poisoning with biocidal products in Romania are collected by the Centre for Poisoning Information (Office for International Sanitary Regulation and Toxicological Information, NIPH Bucharest) and the Forensic Health Care Institute - Toxicology Laboratory.
Slovakia
The appointed bodies in Slovakia are:
Univerzitná nemocnica Bratislava,
Pažítková 4
821 01 Bratislava
Národné toxikologické informačné centrum
pracovisko: Nemocnica akad. L. Dérera, Limbová 5, 833 05 Bratislava tel: +421 2 54774166, +421 2 54774605 (fax), mobil: 0911 166 066 email: ntic@ntic.sk, ntic.sk
The arrangements to ensure the confidentiality of the product information are in line with the provisions of Art. 15 of the Act No. 217/2003 Coll. Furthermore, confidential data are available exclusively upon request for medical doctors for treatment of specific poisonings.
Slovenia
The Poison Control Centre in Slovenia is the:
University Medical Centre Ljubljana (UMCL)
Tel: +386 1522 5283, F: +386 1434 7646
The Chemicals Office of the Republic of Slovenia has granted access to the Information System for Chemicals - database on chemicals (which includes also biocides) for the Poison Control Centre. Only employees of the Poison Control Centre can use these data in case of poisoning.
Spain
The Dirección General de Salud Pública, Calidad e Innovación of Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad is the body responsible for receiving information on biocidal products, both for those products subjected to compulsory registration in accordance with the national system and for those under the national system's regulations. Nevertheless, information about the biocidal products that do not require registration at a national level during the transitional period is also sent directly to the Instituto Nacional de Toxicología.
For the registered products, this information is made available to the Instituto Nacional de Toxicología who, through their Toxicological Information Service, gives information (on the phone) about first aid.
In addition, we have a National Network of Surveillance, Inspection and Control of Chemical Products which acts at two levels:
a) As a warning network against irregularities in the rules in marketing (Rapid Exchange of Chemical Products’ Information System)
b) A toxicological surveillance system of voluntary declaration of cases of poisoning or accidents with chemical products attended in the Emergency Units of Hospitals
The system of gathering information is structured to be able to gather information about dangerous substances and chemical preparations in general.
The Real Decreto 1054/2002, which implements the Directive 98/8/CE, establishes the confidentiality of the available information.
Sweden
Swedish Poisons Information Centre
SE- 171 76 STOCKHOLM
giftinformation.se
The product information is kept strictly confidential according to the Swedish secrecy law, SFS 1988:9, 8 chapter 12§ and is only used for evaluation of acute toxicity. In the information service the product composition is never revealed except in those cases it is of importance for medical reasons to inform a physician about the ingredients that will influence the treatment
United Kingdom
The UK’s National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) is the Department of Health approved, and Health Protection Agency (HPA) commissioned national service that provides expert advice on all aspects of acute and chronic poisoning. The Service comprises four individual Units, based in Birmingham, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Newcastle.
NPIS gathers information on poisoning incidents that will include biocides, and is responsible for receiving and disseminating safety information on a range of products including biocides.
Contact details and address are given below.
NPIS (Birmingham Unit)
City Hospital
Birmingham
B18 7QH
UK
Tel: +44 (0)121 507 4123
Norway
Information on all biocidal products has to be submitted to the authorities’ central register of chemical products, the Product Register. Contact details are as follows:
The Product Register
P.O. Box 8100 Dep
0032 Oslo, Norway
Tel: +47 22 57 34 00
Fax: +47 22 67 67 06
e-mail: produktregisteret@klif.no
Confidentiality of the product information in the register is ensured through Security Routines established by the Ministry of the Environment. Further information on this can be found at the website of the Product Register ( )
The Norwegian Poison Information Centre under the Norwegian Directorate of Health is the central unit for the registration of poisonings in Norway. The Norwegian Poison Information Centre has access to the information stored in the Product Register
Switzerland
Responsible body for receiving information on biocidal products:
Common notification authority for chemicals of FOEN - FOPH - SECO
CH-3003 Bern
Tel. +41 31 323 16 48
Fax +41 31 323 54 86
email: biocides@bag.admin.ch
bag.admin.ch/notificationauthoritychem
Responsible body for making available information on biocidal products in cases of suspected poisonings:
Swiss Toxicological Information Centre
Freiestrasse 16
CH-8032 Zurich
Tel.: +41 44 251 51 51
Fax: +41 44 252 88 33
email: info@toxi.ch
toxi.ch
In Switzerland, the legal basis to ensure confidentiality regarding information on biocidal products is Article 33 and 34 of the Ordinance on Biocidal Products (OBP, SR 813.12), as well as Article 30 of the Chemicals Act (ChemA, SR 813.1)
To ensure an individual assessment of risk and adequate treatment advice in case of emergency, selected experts of the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre have full access to confidential product information, such as product composition. At the same time, a clear Confidentiality Policy was implemented. Confidential information is not given to any unauthorised person outside of the Information Centre.
ANNEXES
ANNEX I
Details on poisonings in the Member States.
Austria
In the time period between January 1st, 2010 and end of 2012, there have been 5 cases of poisoning involving biocidal products recorded in Austria via the National Poison Information Centre mentioned above. In two cases accidently disinfectants and algicides (PT 2) have been swallowed or caused contamination of eyes, resp. The substances involved in these cases are Didecyldimethylammoniumchloride and Benzalkonium chloride, resp. In two cases the accidental inhalation of a wood preservative (PT 8) caused headache (active substance: Flufenoxuron). Another case involved the swallowing of a rodenticide (PT 14) containing the active substance Chlorophacinon causing very slight symptoms..
Belgium
The Belgian Poison Control Center does register calls after exposure to products. It is not sure that every registered exposure would result in symptoms of poisoning. The mentioned figures are not exhaustive because the communication of cases of poisoning to the Poison Control Center is not obligatory in Belgium. Products for domestic use containing hypochlorite are not taken into account. However exposure to this kind of products is very frequent (1000 calls/year)
| |2009 |2010 |2011 |2012 |
|Number of biocidal products implicated|740 |733 |872 |967 |
|in calls after exposure | | | | |
|Parasiticides |345 |375 |417 |443 |
| insecticides | | |394 |386 |
|repellents | | |23 |54 |
| | | | | |
|Protection products |85 |68 |76 |50 |
| | | | | |
|Disinfectants and general biocides |12 |31 |107 |178 |
| | | | | |
|Rodenticides |275 |259 |272 |297 |
|Anticoagulants | | |167 |156 |
|Other rodenticides | | |7 |5 |
|Not specified | | |115 |136 |
| | | | | |
|Other biocidal products |11 |1 |* |2 |
| | | | | |
|Number of persons exposed | | | | |
|adults |396 |382 |432 |419 |
|children |433 |362 |408 (74% of which |510 (75% of which |
| | | |under the age of 5 |under the age of 5 |
| | | |years) |years) |
Denmark
Table. Inquiries to the Danish Poison Information Centre about poisoning with biocides and disinfectants 2010-12. The table gives absolute numbers (n) and proportion of all inquiries belonging to a given group.
| |2010 |2011 |2012 |
|Inquiries (total) |18.127 |19.584 |20.851 |
| |n |% |
|1 |14 |unknown |
|2 |18 |N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide |
| | |(CAS no 134-62-3) |
|2 |18 |Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids |
| | |(CAS no 8003-34-7) |
|1 |19 |Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids |
| | |(CAS no 8003-34-7) |
2010 in total 14 cases:
|Number of poisonings |Product type |Active substance involved |
|2 |14 |Difethialone |
| | |(CAS no 104653-34-1) |
|2 |14 |unknown |
|1 |18 |Deltamethrin |
| | |(CAS no 52918-63-5) |
|2 |18 |N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide |
| | |(CAS no 134-62-3) |
|5 |18 |Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids |
| | |(CAS no 8003-34-7) |
|2 |19 |Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids |
| | |(CAS no 8003-34-7) |
2011 in total 38 cases:
|Number of poisonings |Product type |Active substance involved |
|1 |14 |Brodifacoum |
| | |(CAS no 56073-10-0) |
|9 |14 |Bromadiolone |
| | |(CAS no 28772-56-7) |
|1 |14 |Chloralose |
| | |(CAS no 15879-93-3) |
|13 |14 |unknown |
|8 |18 |N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide |
| | |(CAS no 134-62-3) |
|1 |18 |Permethrin |
| | |(CAS no 52645-53-1) |
|4 |18 |Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids |
| | |(CAS no 8003-34-7) |
|1 |19 |Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids |
| | |(CAS no 8003-34-7) |
2012 in total 30 cases:
|Number of poisonings |Product type |Active substance involved |
|4 |14 |Bromadiolone |
| | |(CAS no 28772-56-7) |
|1 |14 |Chloralose |
| | |(CAS no 15879-93-3) |
|7 |14 |unknown |
|1 |18 |Disodium tetraborate decahydrate |
| | |(CAS no 1303-96-4) |
|2 |18 |Chlorpyrifos |
| | |(CAS no 2921-88-2) |
|2 |18 |N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide |
| | |(CAS no 134-62-3) |
|2 |18 |Permethrin |
| | |(CAS no 52645-53-1) |
|9 |18 |Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids |
| | |(CAS no 8003-34-7) |
|1 |18 |Tetramethrin |
| | |(CAS no 7696-12-0) |
|1 |19 |unknown |
Finland
No data can be made available from the Finnish Poison Information Centre on poisonings involving biocidal products in 2010-2012. Providing such data would require a special analysis of poison information centre call-data and retrieval of additional information is not possible with current resources.
France
The National Database of Products and Preparations (BNPC) is the reference data base for substances referred to in dossiers and requests for information from anti poison and toxic vigilance centres (CAPTV). To access information on cases of exposure, it was necessary to perform a comparison of the data collected by the Ministry of Ecology (MEDDE) in the context of the mandatory declaration by industry of their biocidal preparations, with data available in the BNPC. Here the data are mainly collected through the notification of biocidal products via the submission portal, the so-called “Déclaration-synapse”.
The BNPC identified 4790 different substances associated with exposure records; distribution in the 23 categories of biocidal products defined by Directive 98/8/EC are given in the following table.
|Category |Number |
|PT- 01 — Human hygiene biocidal products |305 |
|PT- 02 — Private area and public health disinfectants and other biocidal products |2.069 |
|PT- 03 — Veterinary hygiene biocidal products |259 |
|PT- 04 — Food and feed area disinfectants |1 005 |
|PT- 05 — Drinking water disinfectants |110 |
|PT- 06 — In can preservatives |90 |
|PT- 07 — Film preservatives |14 |
|PT- 08 — Wood preservatives |167 |
|PT- 09 — Fibre, leather, rubber and polymerised materials preservatives |22 |
|PT- 10 — Masonry preservatives |155 |
|PT- 11 — Preservatives for liquid-cooling and processing systems |148 |
|PT- 12 — Slimicides |110 |
|PT- 13 — Metalworking fluid preservatives |47 |
|PT- 14 — Rodenticides |271 |
|PT- 15 — Avicides |0 |
|PT- 16 — Molluscicides — |0 |
|PT- 17 — Piscicides |0 |
|PT- 18 — Insecticides acaricides and products to control other arthropods |809 |
|PT- 19 — Repellents and attractants |224 |
|PT- 20 — Preservatives for food or feedstocks |0 |
|PT- 21 — Anti-fouling products — |11 |
|PT- 22 — Embalming and taxidermist fluids |9 |
|PT- 23 — Control of other vertebrates |9 |
The previous study (1999-2009) covered only 1499 substances. This significant increase is mainly due to the further comparison of the BNPC and MEDDE data (MEDDE), and the rise in the number of mixtures (formulations) contained in the latter, because of an increasing registration during the period 2010-2012.
18.350 cases were identified concerning at least one biocidal product clearly identified for the period 2010-2012 (3,39 % of cases). In the previous report (1999-2009), only 5.762 files were related to biocides. The substantial increase is mainly due to better identification of substances as being biocides.
Exposure to biocides was reported in 17.285 cases or in 94% of cases (91,7% over the period 1999-2009). The remaining cases are classified as enquiries on biocidal products.
Sixteen thousand nine hundred and six (16.906) cases (97,8% of cases of exposure) were human exposures concerning 18.143 persons.
Nine thousand three hundred thirty (9.330, of which 550 related to collective exposure) of them (51,4 %) were symptomatic. People for which the no relationship was found between the effects and the exposure are excluded. 14 deaths were observed (mortality: 0,08%). The percentage of symptomatic cases was in the same order of magnitude (48,7 %) in the previous study (1999-2009). Mortality is slightly higher (0,13 %) but the difference is not statistically significant (p = 0,30).
At least 8 of the 10 deaths for which the imputability to exposure to a biocide is at least possible (I 1) are associated to voluntary exposure (suicidal corrosive substances). The products involved are unblocking agents based on sodium hydroxide in 5 cases, disinfectant solutions based on quaternary ammonium compounds in 3 cases and calcium removing of hydrochloric acid in 2 cases.
The following table shows the evolution of notifications of human exposure to biocides and in relation with all the notifications of exposure, as available in the national database of intoxication (BNCI), during the period 2010-2012.
|Year (1st call) |All exposures |Exposures to biocides |Exposure ratio (biocides/exhibitions).|
| | | |100 |
|2010 |163 237 |4 890 |3,00 |
|2011 |190 414 |6 243 |3,28 |
|2012 |188 724 |7 010 |3,71 |
|Total |542 375 |18 143 |3,35 |
The annual number of events is much larger than in the previous period, but as stated above, this is probably not an increase in the number of cases of exposure, but rather a gradual improvement in the coherence between the database of BNPC and MEDDE. In addition there is an increased notification by industry through the MEDDE data base, leading to a higher number of products registered in that system.
Categories of biocides most often involved are the disinfectants PT- 02 (Private area and public health disinfectants and other biocidal products: 49,2%), the PT- 18 (insecticides and acaricides and products to control other arthropods: 18,2%), the (PT- 04 food and feed area disinfectants : 17,5%) and the (PT- 01 Human hygiene biocidal products 15,9 %). This distribution is quite different compared to the one observed during the previous period. At that time exposure to Insecticides and Acaricides was less frequent and exposure to rodenticides was more common. (Both in absolute and relative numbers). These variations must be understood with caution, for the reasons already indicated above (development of the database of MEDDE and established comparabilities between this database and BNPC). Strangely there is fall in the number of cases of exposure to rodenticides (- 24%), although more products have been registered (271 in 2010-2012 to 136 in the previous period). Reason is that most of the files in this category have not been encoded during the period considered on basis of the mixture but on the main substance (usually because the information was not accessible: product which had been unpacked or without any indication on commercial primary packaging). This artificially lowers the number of people exposed to this category of biocide.
Between the two periods, there is however an overall reduction of 6,2% of cases related to rodenticides and subclasses, taking all products together. This decrease is mainly due to lower consultations from health professionals regarding cases involving anticoagulant rodenticides.
|PT |Number of people exposed[1] |Percentage |Change over the period 1999-2009 |
|PT-01 |2883 |15,9 |+455 % |
|PT-02 |8917 |49,2 |+362 % |
|PT-03 |381 |2,1 |+163 % |
|PT-04 |3168 |17,5 |+204 % |
|PT-05 |228 |1,3 |+1325 % |
|PT-06 |17 |0,1 |+31 % |
|PT-07 |1 |0,01 |0 % |
|PT-08 |336 |1,9 |+158 % |
|PT-09 |36 |0,2 |+1100 % |
|PT-10 |240 |1,3 |+238 % |
|PT-11 |187 |1,0 |+163 % |
|PT-12 |234 |1,3 |+1131 % |
|PT-13 |12 |0,1 |+9 % |
|PT-14 |871 |4,8 |-24 % |
|PT-15 |0 | |- |
|PT-16 |0 | |- |
|PT-17 |0 | |- |
|PT-18 |3297 |18,2 |+447 % |
|PT-19 |568 |3,1 |+1435 % |
|PT-20 |0 | |- |
|PT-21 |11 |0,1 |+266 % |
|PT-22 |12 |0,1 |+20 % |
|PT-23 |13 |0,1 |+550 % |
The same phenomenon of progressive increase is observed at different scales in all categories of biocidal preparations where a sufficient number of notifications is available to consider a reliable development. The PTs are grouped in accordance with the number of poisonings:
·PT- 1, 2, 4 and 18: More than 2.880 exposed persons,
·PT- 3, 8, 14 and 19: Between 330 and 2.879 exposed persons,
·PT- 5, 10, 11 and 12: Between 180 and 329 exposed persons,
·PT- 6, 9, 22 and 23: Between 12 and 179 exposed persons,
·PT- 7, 13 and 21: Between 1 and 11 people exposed.
Over the whole period, 16.931 out of the 18.143 exposures reported to the CAPTV are accidental (93%), 1.132 are voluntary (6%) and 80 are undefined. For exposures from non-biocidal substances, during the same period, the respective shares of the accidental and voluntary circumstances is 83% (434617/522518) and 16% (82751/522518). Exposures to biocides are therefore significantly less often voluntary < (P 0,001). As expected, medicinal poisoning represents an important share of voluntary exposure. Moreover this type traditionally occurs more often than other exposures to toxic substances.
The ratio between voluntary and accidental exposures is roughly stable over the period of the study, the accidental poisoning represents around 92,7% to 93,6% of the cases where the circumstances of exposure are known.
Most categories of biocidal products are involved in most accidental exposures. The only exception is the PT- 23 (control of other vertebrates), with 54% of accidental and 46% of voluntarily exposures. But since PT- 23 involves just a small number of cases (13), this should be taken with caution.
9.330 of the 18.143 cases of exposure to biocides (51%) were symptomatic. The proportion of symptomatic cases after exposure to substances other than biocides during the same period was only 40% (210.013/522.518). This difference is statistically significant (P < 0,001).
In fact, the proportion of symptomatic cases varies between product types. Rodenticides (PT- 14), repellents and attractants (PT- 19) and human hygiene biocidal products show to be less frequently at the origin of symptomatic exposure. They do not entail major symptoms to at least 40% of exposed persons. Those which cause unrest amongst more than 60% of the exposed persons are: embalming and taxidermist fluids (PT- 22), the veterinary hygiene biocidal products (PT- 03), the drinking water disinfectants (PT- 05), in can preservatives (PT- 06), wood preservatives (PT- 08), masonry preservatives (PT- 10), slimicides (PT-12), anti-fouling products (PT-21), food and feed area disinfectants(PT-04) and the metalworking-fluid preservatives (PT-13). These observations are in line with the risks of the concerned active substances in each of these categories and/or (e.g. raticides) with the concentration to which they are present in the formulations.
The 14 cases of death are associated with exposure to preparations of disinfectants PT- 02 (private area and public health disinfectants and other biocides; 10 cases), PT- 04 (food and feed area disinfectants, 1 cases), PT- 14 (rodenticides, 1 case), PT- 18 (insecticides, acaricides, 2 cases).
Nine out of the 10 deaths showing a clear relationship to the product, concerned exposure to products belonging to PT- 02, which shows that this category of biocidal products is toxicologically very heterogeneous, since also less than 60 % of overall exposures to substances of this group was symptomatic.
Eight thousand seventy eight (8.078) of the 16.931 cases of accidental exposure to biocides (47,7%) and 657 of the 1.132 (58%) of the voluntary intoxications were symptomatic. The risk of symptoms is therefore significantly higher, when exposure is voluntary. Of 10 deaths with possible imputability (>1), in this series, 8 resulted from voluntary poisoning.
Mortality by biocidal products in this series is 0,08% (14 deaths per 18.143 cases of exposure to biocides). During the same period for all other cases dealt with by the CAPTV, mortality was 0,25% (1.284 deaths out of 504.375 cases of exposure, all substances combined). This difference is statistically significant: Exposure to biocides (all PT) result less frequently into fatal incidents than exposures to other agents (P < 0,001).
This study certainly underestimates the number of cases of exposure to biocidal preparations notified to the CAPTV in France. Indeed, it only took into account the declarations of biocides formulations to the Ministry of Ecology and present in the BNPC, excluding all those reported to the Ministry under a different name. In addition it excludes those which are not yet approved by the Ministry and those which have been withdrawn from the market before the reporting obligation, but that still can cause exposure.
Germany
Detailed annual reports of all poisoning cases notified to the German poisoning centre (PC) can be found on the website of the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) under the following link:
The data of 2011 and 2012 are under evaluation and will be available in the course of the year 2013.
As Germany had not implemented a general authorisation procedure for existing biocidal products in the past, poisonings with these products have not been categorized as such until 2010. In the following those categories are specified that are deemed to either consist of or include biocidal products (and classified according to the Poisoning severity score):
Table 1: Poisonings involving biocides reported in 2009
|Group of products |Minor |Moderate |
|Disinfectants/sterilizers |378 |10 |
|Acaricides |0 |0 |
|Wood preservatives |5 |0 |
|Insecticides |20 |0 |
|Carbamates |1 |0 |
|Phosphoric esters |9 |0 |
|Pyrethroids |2 |0 |
|Repellents |0 |0 |
|Rodenticides |4 |0 |
|Anticoagulants |2 |0 |
|Phosphine derivatives |0 |0 |
|Total |407 |10 |
Table 2: Poisonings involving biocides reported in 2010
|Group of products |Minor |Moderate |
|Disinfectants/sterilizers |331 |14 |
|Acaricides |1 |0 |
|Wood preservatives |2 |0 |
|Insecticides |35 |0 |
|Carbamates |0 |3 |
|Phosphoric esters |6 |0 |
|Pyrethroids |12 |0 |
|Repellents |2 |0 |
|Rodenticides |4 |0 |
|Anticoagulants |1 |0 |
|Phosphine derivatives |5 |0 |
|Total |373 |14 |
Table 3: Overall number of reported poisonings involving biocides in 2009-2010
|Group of products |Minor |Moderate |
|Disinfectants/sterilizers |709 |24 |
|Acaricides |1 |0 |
|Wood preservatives |7 |0 |
|Insecticides |55 |0 |
|Carbamates |1 |3 |
|Phosphoric esters |15 |0 |
|Pyrethroids |14 |0 |
|Repellents |2 |0 |
|Rodenticides |8 |0 |
|Anticoagulants |3 |0 |
|Phosphine derivatives |5 |0 |
|Total |780 |24 |
| | |
Hungary
It must be mentioned that the recent Hungarian data base (KBIR) does not make it possible to extract the poisonings caused exclusively by biocidal products. There is no category system developed especially for biocidal product types, which means it can not be guaranteed (except hypo) that one or another category of KBIR covers exclusively biocidal products. Therefore the table below is only informative since it covers the announcements where there was an indication for the use of the product.
2009
|Product type |number of cases |active substance (not known in each case) |
|1 | | |
|2 |144 |sodium hypochlorite, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chlroride, trichlorisocyanuric acid |
|3 | | |
|4 | | |
|5 | | |
|6 | | |
|7 | | |
|8 |3 |boric acid |
|9 |2 |dimethyl fumarate |
|10 | | |
|11 | | |
|12 | | |
|13 | | |
|14 |81 |bromadiolone, brodifacoum |
|15 | | |
|16 | | |
|17 | | |
|18 |22 |chlorpyriphos, permethrin, d-phenothrin, tetramethrin, other pyrethroids |
|19 |6 |diethyl toluamide |
|20 |1 |sodium benzoate |
|21 | | |
|22 | | |
|23 | | |
2010
|PT |number of cases |active substance (not known in each case) |
|1 |1 | |
|2 |160 |sodium hypochlorite, benzalkonium chloride, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, |
| | |trichlorisocyanuric acid |
|3 | | |
|4 | | |
|5 | | |
|6 | | |
|7 | | |
|8 | | |
|9 | | |
|10 | | |
|11 | | |
|12 | | |
|13 | | |
|14 |42 |bromadiolone, brodifacoum |
|15 | | |
|16 | | |
|17 | | |
|18 |19 |S-methoprene, deltamethrin, tetramethrin, other pyrethroids |
|19 |3 |prallethrin, citriodiol |
|20 | | |
|21 | | |
|22 | | |
|23 | | |
2011
|PT |number of cases |active substance (not known in each case) |
|1 |2 | |
|2 |142 |sodium hypochlorite, alkyl dimethyl benzalkonium chloride |
|3 | | |
|4 | | |
|5 | | |
|6 | | |
|7 | | |
|8 |1 | |
|9 | | |
|10 | | |
|11 | | |
|12 | | |
|13 | | |
|14 |89 |bromadiolone, warfarin |
|15 | | |
|16 | | |
|17 | | |
|18 |18 |d-phenothrin, pyrethroids |
|19 |10 |picaridin, diethyl toluamide |
|20 | | |
|21 | | |
|22 | | |
|23 | | |
2012
|Product type |number of cases |active substance (not known in each case) |
|1 |1 | |
|2 |169 |sodium hypochlorite, trichlorisocyanuric acid |
|3 | | |
|4 | | |
|5 | | |
|6 | | |
|7 | | |
|8 |4 |boric acid, potassium-(E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, |
| | |alkyl(C12-C16)-N,N-dimethyl-N-benzyl-ammonium-chloride |
|9 | | |
|10 | | |
|11 | | |
|12 | | |
|13 | | |
|214 |98 |bromadiolone |
|15 | | |
|16 | | |
|17 | | |
|18 |32 |pyrethroids, d-phenothrin, tetramethrin |
|19 |4 |prallethrin, diethyl toluamide |
|20 | | |
|21 | | |
|22 | | |
|23 | | |
Italy
Currently only data for 2007-2009 are available.
Between 2007 and 2009, the National Information System on Pesticide-related Injuries and Poisonings (NIS-PRIP) identified 6,210 human cases of unintentional exposure to biocides. These cases were all notified to NIS-PRIP by the National Poison Control Center in Milan. Most of the patients (73%, 4,542) were asymptomatic. Some 27% (No. 1,668) developed at least one sign/symptom possibly related to the reported exposure and were classified as cases of biocide-related poisonings. Severity of clinical effects was low in 90% of cases (No. 1,484) and moderate in 11% (No. 178 cases). Six cases suffered severe effects. No cases of deaths were observed. Most of the patients were exposed at home (76%, No. 1,267). Occupational and environmental exposures were reported for 10% (No. 160) and 14% (No. 227) of cases, respectively. Distribution by age showed that 25% (No. 419) of patients were less than 5 years old. Exposures to Disinfectants (Main Group (MG) 1, Product type (PT) 1-4) accounted for 49% of cases (No. 810, including 703 cases of low severity poisoning and 108 cases of moderate severity); exposures to Preservatives (MG 2, PT 8 and PT10) accounted for 5% of cases of poisonings (No. 84, including 81 cases of low severity poisoning and 3 cases of moderate severity); exposures to Pest Control (Main Group 3, PT 14, PT 16, PT 18-19) accounted for 46% of cases of poisoning (No. 774, including 701 cases of low severity poisoning, 178 cases of moderate severity, and six cases of severe poisoning). In the Table below the distributions of human cases of unintentional exposure to biocides and poisoning by MG and PT of commercial products, chemical class and standard denomination of active ingredients and severity of poisoning are shown.
Table. HUMAN CASES OF UNINTENTIONAL TOXIC EXPOSURE TO BIOCIDES IDENTIFIED IN ITALY IN 2007-2009
|MAIN GROUP (MG) |Cases of unintentional human exposures |
|Product Type (PT) |Severity of poisonings* |
| |Chemical class|None |Low |Moderate/ |
|PT 1 - Human hygiene | | | | |
| |After bite | | | |
| |Ammonium compounds | | | | |
| | |Ammonium hydroxide |26 |4 |1 |31 |
| |Biological, Botanical products | | | | |
| | |Camphor |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| | |Eucalyptus globulus, ext. |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| | |Unknown |23 |3 |0 |26 |
|PT 1 TOTAL |49 |9 |1 |59 |
| |% |83.0 |15.2 |1.7 |100.0 |
| | | | | | | |
|PT 2 - Disinfectants, Algaecides |
| |Active oxigen generating agents | | | | |
| | |Sodium perborate |2 |1 |0 |3 |
| |Alcohols | | | | |
| | |Ethanol |37 |12 |0 |49 |
| |Alcohols and Quaternary ammonium compounds | | | | |
| | |Propan-1-ol and Benzalkonium chloride |55 |19 |2 |76 |
| | |Propan-1-ol |3 |1 |0 |
| | |and | | | |
| | |Didecyldimethy| | | |
| | |l ammonium | | | |
| | |chloride | | | |
| | |Formaldehyde |1 |6 |0 |7 |
| | |Glutaraldehyde# |5 |8 |2 |15 |
| |Biguanides | | | | |
| | |Chlorhexidine digluconate |0 |^2 |0 |2 |
| |
| |
|MG 1 - DISINFECTANTS |
|PT 2 - Disinfectants, Algaecides (continued) |
| |Biguanides and other chemical classes | | | | |
| | |Chlorhexidine digluconate and Sodium hypochlorite |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| | |Chlorhexidine digluconate and propan-1-ol |0 |0 |1 |1 |
| |Carbonates | | | | |
| | |Disodium |43 |14 |0 |
| | |carbonate | | | |
| | |Peracetic acid |5 |5 |^1 |11 |
| |Carboxilyc acids and peroxides | | | | |
| | |Peracetic acid and Hydrogen peroxide |3 |7 |2 |12 |
| |Chlorine and chlorine inorganic compounds | | | | |
| | |Chlorine#### |79 |145 |27 |251 |
| | |Calcium hypochlorite |0 |2 |0 |2 |
| | |Sodium hypochlorite |530 |141 |^^^17 |688 |
| |Chlorophenols | | | | |
| | |Clorophene |2 |3 |1 |6 |
| |Glycols | | | | |
| | |Triethylen glycol |4 |°1 |0 |5 |
| |Methylphenols | | | | |
| | |Cresol |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| |Peroxides | | | | |
| | |Hydrogen peroxide |167 |64 |5 |236 |
| |Quaternary ammonium compounds | | | | |
| | |Benzalkonium chloride |294 |117 |20 |431 |
| | |Didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride |0 |3 |0 |3 |
| | |Unknown |2 |4 |0 |6 |
| |Quaternary ammonium compounds and other chemical classes | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |Benzalkonium chloride, Copper sulphate, | | | | |
| | | and Sulfuric acid |1 |0 |2 |3 |
| | |Benzalkonium chloride and Sodium hypochlorite |0 |2 |0 |2 |
| | |Benzalkonium chloride and other compounds |6 |3 |2 |11 |
| |Reaction products | | | | |
| | |Reaction products of: glutamic acid and | | | | |
| | |N-(C12-14-alkyl)propylenediamine |0 |3 |2 |5 |
| |Thiazoles and triazines | | | | |
| | |2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one and | | | | |
| | |2,2',2''-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)triethano|0 |1 |0 |1 |
| | |l | | | | |
| |Triazines | | | | |
| | |Sodium dichloroisocyanurate |5 |5 |2 |12 |
| |Triazines and other chemical classes | | | | |
| | |Sodium dichloroisocyanurate and boric acid |3 |0 |1 |4 |
| |Unknown |26 |14 |2 |42 |
|PT 2 TOTAL |1,275 |585 |90 |1,950 |
| |% |65.4 |29.8 |3.7 |100.0 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|MG 1 - DISINFECTANTS | | | | |
|PT 3 - Veterianary hygiene | | | | |
| |Aldehydes | | | | |
| | |Formaldehyde |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| |Chlorophenols | | | | |
| | |Clorophene and Pyrethrins (Pyrethrum) |2 |1 |0 |3 |
| |Conazoles | | | | |
| | |Imazalil |2 |1 |0 |3 |
| |Carboxylic acids and other chemical classes | | | | |
| | |Acetic acid and Amines, N-coco | | | | |
| |Quaternary ammonium compounds | | | | |
| | |Benzalkonium chloride |4 |3 |0 |7 |
|PT 3 TOTAL |31 |59 |8 |98 |
| |% |31.6 |60.2 |8.2 |100.0 |
| | | | | | | |
|PT 4- Food and Feed areas | | | | |
| |Carboxylic acids and other chemical classes | | | | |
| | |Acetic acid, Peracetic acids, and Hydrogen peroxide |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| | |Formic acid and Propionic acid |0 |0 |1 |1 |
| |Chlorine and chlorine inorganic compounds | | | | |
| | |Sodium hypochlorite |3 |4 |0 |7 |
| | |Sodium hypochlorite and Sodium chlorite |13 |3 |0 |16 |
| |Chlorine and chlorine inorganic compounds and | | | | |
| | other chemical classes | | | | |
| | |Sodium hypochlorite and Potassium hydroxide |0 |2 |0 |2 |
| |Hydroxides | | | | |
| | |Sodium hydroxide |0 |2 |0 |2 |
| |Quaternary ammonium compounds | | | | |
| | |Benzalkonium chloride |92 |29 |3 |124 |
| | |Didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride |7 |°4 |3 |14 |
| | |Unknown |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| |Quaternary ammonium compounds and other chemical classes | | | |
| | |Benzalkonium chloride and | | | | |
| | | 5-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenol (diclosan) |1 |0 |1 |2 |
| | |Benzalkonium chloride and biphenyl-2-ol |1 |0 |1 |2 |
| |Triazines | | | | |
| | |Sodium dichloroisocyanurate |3 |3 |0 |6 |
|PT 4 TOTAL |120 |49 |9 |178 |
| |% |67.4 |27.5 |5.0 |100.0 |
|ALL CASES OF EXPOSURE TO DISINFECTANTS |1,475 |702 |108 |2,285 |
|% | 67.4 |30.7 |4.2 |100.0 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|MG 2 - PRESERVATIVES | | | | |
|PT 8 - Wood preservatives | | | | |
| |Alkanes and other chemical classes | | | | |
| | |Propane, Butane, and Naphtha |6 |2 |0 |8 |
|PT 8 - Wood preservatives (continued) |
| |Cicloeptani | | | | |
| | |Endosulfan |2 |1 |0 |3 |
| |Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids | | | | |
| | |Cyfluthrin |2 |2 |0 |4 |
| | |Permethrin |45 |25 |2 |72 |
| | |Unknown |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| |Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids and other chemical classes | | | | |
| | |Permethrin and Dichlofluanid |3 |2 |0 |5 |
| | |Permethrin and Tolyfluanid |0 |2 |0 |2 |
| |Unknown |44 |29 |0 |73 |
|PT 8 TOTAL |102 |64 |2 |168 |
| |% |60.7 |38.1 |1.2 |100.0 |
| | | | | |
|PT 10 - Construction material preservatives | | | | |
| |Quaternary ammonium compounds | | | | |
| | |Benzalkonium chloride |1 |2 |1 |4 |
| |Unknown |12 |15 |0 |27 |
|PT 10 TOTAL |13 |17 |1 |26 |
| |% |50.0 |65.4 |3.8 |100.0 |
|ALL CASES OF EXPOSURE TO PRESERVATIVES |115 |81 |3 |199 |
|% |57.8 |40.7 |1.5 |100.0 |
|MG 3 - PEST CONTROL | | | | |
|PT 14 - Rodenticides | | | | |
| |Coumarines | | | | |
| | |Brodifacoum |58 |0 |^1 |59 |
| | |Bromadiolone |94 |4 |2 |100 |
| | |Bromadiolone and Difenacoum |2 |1 |0 |3 |
| | |Coumatetralyl |23 |1 |0 |24 |
| | |Difenacoum |47 |2 |^1 |50 |
| | |Difethialone |17 |1 |0 |18 |
| |Indandiones | | | | |
| | |Chlorophacinone |33 |1 |0 |34 |
| |Unknown |180 |8 |1 |189 |
|PT 14 TOTAL |454 |18 |5 |577 |
| |% |78.7 |3.2 |0.9 |100.0 |
| | | | | | | |
|PT 16 - Molluscides, vermicides, others |
| |Aldehydes | | | | |
| | |Metaldehyde |7 |1 |1 |9 |
|PT 16 TOTAL |7 |1 |1 |9 |
| |% |77.8 |11.1 |1.1 |100.0 |
| | | | | | | |
| |
|MG 3 - PEST CONTROL |
|PT 18 - Insecticides, acaricides, other invertebrates |
| Private | | | | |
|households/professional uses | | | | |
| |Carbamates | | | | |
| | |Bendiocarb |4 |1 |0 |5 |
| | |Carbaryl |1 |3 |0 |4 |
| | |Methomyl |44 |4 |2 |50 |
| | |Propoxur |154 |22 |5 |181 |
| |Carbamates and Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids | | | | |
| | |Bendiocarb and Tetramethrin |3 |3 |0 |6 |
| | |Carbaryl and Tetramethrin |4 |1 |0 |5 |
| | |Propoxur and Cyfluthryn |40 |°°°22 |1 |63 |
| | |Propoxur and Tetramethrin |0 |0 |2 |2 |
| | |Propoxur, S-Bioallethrin, and Bioresmethrin |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| |Organophosphates | | | | |
| | |Azamethiphos |2 |2 |0 |4 |
| | |Chlopyrifos# |13 |51 |3 |67 |
| | |Diazinon |13 |4 |0 |17 |
| | |Dichlorvos |3 |5 |^2 |10 |
| | |Phoxim |7 |2 |0 |9 |
| | |Temephos |1 |0 |1 |2 |
| |Organophosphates and Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids | | | | |
| | |Chlopyrifos and Tetramethrin# |2 |46 |0 |48 |
| | |Chlopyrifos and Cypermethrin |13 |5 |^2 |20 |
| | |Chlopyrifos and Permethrin |0 |0 |1 |1 |
| | |Diazinon, Cypermethrin, and Tetramethrin |0 |2 |0 |2 |
| | |Malathion and Tetramethrin |1 |0 |1 |2 |
| |Phenylpyrazoles | | | | |
| | |Fipronil |17 |1 |0 |18 |
| |Phenylurea compounds | | | | |
| | |Diflubenzuron |10 |1 |0 |11 |
| |Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids | | | | |
| | |Alpha-cypermethrin |3 |1 |0 |4 |
| | |Allethrin |82 |5 |0 |87 |
| | |Allethrin and Phenothrin |4 |3 |1 |8 |
| | |Allethrin and other pyrethrins/pyrethroids |13 |1 |0 |14 |
| | |Bifenthrin |8 |1 |0 |9 |
| | |Bioallethrin |98 |2 |1 |101 |
| | |Bioallethrin and Bioresmethrin |5 |2 |0 |7 |
| | |Bioallethrin and Cypermethrin |4 |3 |0 |7 |
| | |Cyphenothrin |1 |3 |0 |4 |
| | |Cyphenothrin and Imiprothrin# |17 |0 |1 |18 |
| | |Cyfluthryn |33 |7 |0 |40 |
| | |Cyfluthryn and Transfluthrin |14 |8 |1 |23 |
| | |Cypermethrin### |38 |42 |0 |80 |
| | |Cypermethrin and Imiprothrin |6 |5 |1 |12 |
| | |Cypermethrin and Permethrin |2 |4 |0 |6 |
| | |Cypermethrin, Permethrin, and Tetramethrin |6 |°4 |0 |10 |
| | |Cypermethrin and Tetramethrin# |68 |56 |5 |129 |
| | |Cyphenothrin and Imiprothrin |17 |1 |0 |18 |
| | |Deltamethrin## |28 |28 |1 |57 |
| | |Deltamethrin and Tetramethrin |6 |4 |1 |11 |
| | |Phenothrin |10 |2 |0 |12 |
| | |Phenothrin and Permethrin |2 |1 |0 |3 |
|MG 3 - PEST CONTROL |
|PT 18 - Insecticides, acaricides, other invertebrates |
| Private | | | | |
|households/professional uses | | | | |
| |Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids (continued) | | | | |
| | |Phenothrin, Permethrin, and Tetramethrin |2 |1 |0 |3 |
| | |Phenothrin and Tetramethrin# |8 |3 |7 |18 |
| | |Lambda-cyhalothrin |5 | °°4 |0 |9 |
| | |Permethrin |47 |16 |3 |66 |
| | |Permethrin and Pyrethrins (Pyrethrum)# |16 |6 |0 |22 |
| | |Permethrin and Prallethrin |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| | |Permethrin and Tetramethrin# |45 | °°45 |^2 |92 |
| | |Pyrethrins (Pyrethrum) |23 |8 |1 |32 |
| | |Pyrethrins (Pyrethrum) and Tetramethrin |3 |1 |0 |4 |
| | |Prallethrin |62 |8 |0 |70 |
| | |Prallethrin and Tetramethrin |0 | °1 |0 |1 |
| | |Transfluthrin |71 |4 |0 |75 |
| | |Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids unknown |77 |5 |0 |82 |
| |Pyridylmethylamine compounds | | | | |
| | |Imidacloprid |22 |2 |0 |24 |
| |Produced by fermentation compounds | | | | |
| | |Abamectine |32 |1 |0 |33 |
| |Unknown |350 |40 |12 |402 |
| Human use | | | | |
| |Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids | | | | |
| | |Bioalletrina* |3 |1 |0 |4 |
| | |Phenothrin |7 |2 |1 |10 |
| | |Phenothrin and Tetramethrin |10 |1 |0 |11 |
| |Organophosphates | | | | |
| | |Malathion |6 |1 |0 |7 |
| |Carbamates | | | | |
| | |Unknown |4 |1 |0 |5 |
| |Unknown |15 |2 |0 |17 |
| Veterinary use | | | | |
| |Amidines | | | | |
| | |Amitraz |3 |2 |0 |5 |
| |Organophosphates | | | | |
| | |Trichlorfon |17 |2 |1 |20 |
| |Phenylpyrazoles | | | | |
| | |Fipronil |7 |3 |0 |10 |
| |Phenylpyrazoles and Growth regulators | | | | |
| | |Fipronil and methoprene |23 |3 |0 |26 |
| |Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids | | | | |
| | |Bioallethrin |0 |1 |0 |1 |
| | |Flumethrin |10 |3 |0 |13 |
| | |Permethrin |13 |1 |0 |14 |
| | |Unknown |7 |1 |0 |8 |
| |Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids and Pyridylmethylamine compounds | | | |
| | |Permethrin and Imidacloprid |0 |3 |1 |4 |
|PT 18 TOTAL |1,696 |539 |65 |2,300 |
| |% |73.7 |23.4 |2.8 |100.0 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|MG 3 - PEST CONTROL | | | | |
|PT 19 - Repellents, attractants | | | | |
| | | Human use | | | | |
| |Aromatic amines | | | | |
| | |N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide* |282 |°°°°°66 |0 |348 |
| |Biological, Botanical products | | | | |
| | |Citronella oil |49 |10 |0 |59 |
| | |Citronella oil and Eucalyptus Oil |58 |2 |0 |60 |
| | |Citronella oil and Geranium oil |33 |2 |0 |35 |
| | |Citronella oil, Geranium oil, and other botanical |12 |3 |0 |15 |
| | |products | | | | |
| | |Citronellal and Lavender oil |12 |2 |0 |14 |
| | |Citronella oil and other botanical products |36 |5 |0 |41 |
| | |Geranium oil |4 |1 |0 |5 |
| | |Other botanical products |6 |2 |0 |8 |
| | |Unknown botanical products |16 |4 |0 |20 |
| |Piperidines | | | | |
| | |Icaridine |97 | °14 |0 |111 |
| |Other classes/unclassified | | | | |
| | |Ethyl N-acetyl-N-butyl-.beta.-alaninate |1 |1 |0 |2 |
| | |Benzyl benzoate |13 |4 |0 |17 |
| | | Environmental use | | | | |
| |Biological, Botanical products | | | | |
| | |Camphor |79 |13 |^1 |93 |
| | |Citronella oil |8 |°1 |0 |9 |
| |Ch| | | | | |
| |lo| | | | | |
| |ro| | | | | |
| |be| | | | | |
| |nz| | | | | |
| |en| | | | | |
| |es| | | | | |
| |Na| | | | | |
| |ph| | | | | |
| |th| | | | | |
| |al| | | | | |
| |en| | | | | |
| |es| | | | | |
| |Unknown |15 |1 |0 |
| |% |84.6 |15.2 |0.2 |100.0 |
|ALL CASES OF EXPOSURE TO PEST CONTROL |2,952 |701 |73 |3,725 |
|% |79,2 |18,8 |2,0 |100,0 |
|ALL CASES EXPOSED TO BIOCIDES |4,542 |1,484 |184 |6,210 |
|% |73.1 |23.8 |3.0 |100.0 |
| |
|* Severity of poisonings assessed according to the Poisoning Severity Score (Persson HE et al. J Toxicol |
| 1998; 36(3): 205-13). ^ Including one case of severe poisoning; ^^Including two cases of severe poisoning; |
|^^^Including three cases of severe poisoning. |
| ° including one case of suspected adverse reaction (AR); °° Including two cases of suspected AR; |
| °°° Including three cases of suspected AR; °°°°° Including five cases of suspected AR. |
|# One incident involving four or more cases of poisoning: Glutaraldehyde, 7 cases of low severity poisoning were exposed within a |
|local health clinic; Clorophene, 5 cases of low severity poisoning, outdoor exposure; |
|Creoline, 10 cases of low severity poisoning were exposed at school; Chlorpyriphos, 50 cases of low severity poisoning were exposed |
|within a local health clinic; Chlorpyriphos and Tetrametrin, 45 cases of low severity poisoning were exposed in a hospital; |
|Cyphenothrin and Imiprothrin, 7 cases of low severity poisoning were exposed at home; Pyrethrum, 4 cases of low severity poisoning |
|were exposed at home; Cypermethrin and Tetramethrin, 7 cases of low severity poisoning, outdoor exposure; Permethrin and |
|Tetramethrin, 5 cases of low severity poisoning, occupational exposure. |
|## Two incidents involving four or more cases of poisoning: Deltamethrin, 5 cases of low severity poisoning, occupational exposure; |
|8 cases of low severity poisoning, outdoor exposure. |
| ### Three incidents involving four or more cases of poisoning: Cypermethrin, 5 cases of low severity poisoning were exposed at |
|school; 8 cases of low severity poisoning were exposed in a camping; 4 cases of low severity poisoning exposed at home. #### Four |
|incidents involving four or more cases of poisoning: Chlorine, four incidents occurred in indoor swimming pools involving 30, 10, 6,|
|4 cases of low severity poisoning, respectively. |
Latvia
The following poisoning cases have been registered:
|Year |Number of poisoning |Product type |
|2009 |1 |14 |
|2010 |No information |- |
|2011 |No information |- |
|2012 |6 |14 |
| |1 |2 |
| |1 |18 |
Lithuania
During the period from 2009 to 2012 161 cases of poisonings with biocidal products were registered. Most of the cases were registered in 2011 (48 cases), while the least of poisonings investigated happened in 2012. More than half of the cases includes children poisonings (56.5%).
Children (0 – 17 years old) and adult poisonings with biocidal products from 2009 to 2012 illustrated in Figure 1.
[pic]
Figure 1. Poisonings with biocidal products between children and adults from 2009 to 2012.
Most of the poisoning cases among children registered in 2009, while among adults – in 2010.
Half of all poisonings with biocidal products consists of poisonings with rodenticides (48.4%), one-third – of insecticides*. The table shows poisoning cases by the most common product types.
Table. Breakdown between product types.
|Product type |Cases, % |
|PT 2 |16,1 |
|PT 8 |1,8 |
|PT 14 |48,4 |
|PT 18 |30,4 |
* in 5 cases unknown product type
Most of the poisoning cases with rodenticides registered in 2009 (25 cases), while most of the poisonings with insecticides – in 2011 (21 cases). Poisonings with biocidal products by product types from 2009 to 2012 as illustrated in Figure 3.
[pic]
Figure 2. Poisonings with biocidal products by product types, children and adults
[pic]
Figure 3. Poisonings with biocidal products by product types from 2009 to 2012.
Luxembourg
During 2009-2012, no poisonings related to biocides were reported directly to the Ministry of Health. A single case report in 2010 was related to a product, placed on the market as a fertilizer (powder; slaked lime), which was allegedly also used for disinfection purposes. An accidental projection of the product into the eyes of the operator resulted in severe ocular lesions in absence of protective glasses.
|CAUSE |DEATHS |HOSPITALISATIONS |
| |(number of cases) |(number of cases) |
|(ICD-10 Code) |
Malta
During 2009-2012 there were 3 reported poisonings involving biocidal products. Following were the type of products involved:
1. Dettol
2. Rat poison
Netherlands
The number of exposures reported to the Dutch National Poisons Information Centre (by telephone):
| |2010 |2011 |2012 |
|Biocides |Humans |
|PT 18 |165 cases of poisoning |
|PT 2 |152 cases of poisoning |
Specification of the poisonings with biocidal products in each PT group and active substances.
|PT Group /the active substance |sum |% all poisoning |
|PT 1 |1 | 0,1% |
|triclosan, CAS: 3380-34-5 |1 |0,1% |
|PT 2 |152 |15,7% |
|podchloryn sodu/Chloran(I) sodu, CAS: 7681-52-9, WE: 231-668-3 |44 |4,5% |
|nadtlenek wodoru, CAS: 7722-84-1 |14 |1,4% |
|dihydrat dichloroizocyjanuranu sodu, CAS: 51580-86-0 |21 |2,2% |
|kwas glikolowy, CAS: 79-14-1 |7 |0,7% |
|kwas amidosulfonowy, CAS: 659-40-5 |2 |0,2% |
|dichloroizocyjanuran sodu, CAS: 2893-78-9 |13 |1,3% |
|wodorotlenek sodu, CAS: 1310-73-2 |11 |1,1% |
|kwas solny (inna nazwa: chlorowodór) CAS: 7647-01-0, WE: 231-595-7 |6 |0,6% |
|kwas nadoctowy, CAS: 79-21-0, WE: 201-186-8 |1 |0,1% |
|Nadtlenek wodoru, CAS: 7722-84-1, WE: 231-765-0 | | |
|nadtlenek wodoru, CAS: 7722-84-1, WE: 231-765-0 |1 |0,1% |
|Czwartorzędowe związki amonowe, benzylo-C12-16-alkilodimetylowe, chlorki, CAS: 68424-85-1, WE: | | |
|270-325-2 | | |
|kwas cytrynowy jednowodny CAS: 5949-29-1, WE: 201-069-1 (odpowiednik kwasu cytrynowego CAS: |1 |0,1% |
|77-92-9; WE: 201-069-1) kwas mrówkowy CAS: 64-18-6, WE: 200-579-1 | | |
|chlorek didecylodimetyloamonu, CAS: 7173-51-5, WE: 230-525-2 |1 |0,1% |
|nadtlenek wodoru, CAS: 7722-84-1, WE: 231-765-0 czwartorzędowe związki amonowe, | | |
|benzylo-C12-16-alkilodimetylowe, chlorki, CAS: 68424-85-1, WE: 270-325-2 | | |
|kwas nadoctowy, CAS: 79-21-0, WE: 201-186-8 [zaw. 3,07 g/100g]; substancja generowana in situ z |15 |1,5% |
|prekursorów: | | |
|1. nadwęglan sodu, CAS: 15630-89-4, WE: 239-707-6 | | |
|2. tetraacetylenodiamina, CAS: 10543-57-4, WE: 234-123-8 | | |
|kwas cytrynowy, CAS: 77-92-9 |2 |0,2% |
|ortobenzyloparachlorofenol CAS: 120-32-1 |12 |1,2% |
|czwartorzędowe związki amoniowe, benzylo-C12-18-alkildimetylowe, chlorki, CAS: 68391-01-5 |1 |0,1% |
|PT 2, 3 |1 |0,1% |
|zieleń malachitowa, CAS: 2437-29-8 |1 |0,1% |
|PT 2, 4 |9 |0,9% |
|kwas mlekowy, CAS: 50-21-5 |2 |0,2% |
|czwartorzędowe związki amonowe, benzylo-C12-16-alkilodimetylowe, chlorki, CAS: 68424-85-1 |1 |0,1% |
|Podchloryn sodu/Chloran(I) sodu, CAS: 7681-52-9, |4 |0,4% |
|ditlenek chloru, CAS: 10049-04-4 |1 |0,1% |
|kwas glikolowy, CAS: 79-14-1 |1 |0,1% |
|PT 2, 9, 10 |1 |0,1% |
|chlorek benzalkoniowy (Preventol R80), CAS: 61789-71-7 |1 |0,1% |
|PT 3 |2 |0,2% |
|podchloryn sodu/Chloran(I) sodu, CAS: 7681-52-9 |1 |0,1% |
|bis(peroksymonosiarczano)bis(siarczan) pentapotasu, CAS: 70693-62-8 |1 |0,1% |
|PT 3, 4 ,5 |1 |0,1% |
|kwas nadoctowy, CAS: 79-21-0, WE: 201-186-8 |1 |0,1% |
|nadtlenek wodoru, CAS: 7722-84-1, WE: 231-765-0 prekursor kwas octowy, CAS: 64-19-7, WE: | | |
|200-580-7 | | |
|PT 4 |18 |1,9% |
|podchloryn sodowy CAS: 7681-52-9 |8 |0,8% |
|kwas mlekowy, CAS: 50-21-5 |2 |0,2% |
|wodorotlenek potasowy, CAS: 1310-58-3 podchloryn sodowy, CAS: 7681-52-9 |1 |0,1% |
|Parmetol SL 60 mieszanina zawierająca: glutaral, CAS: 111-30-8 oraz mieszaninę |1 |0,1% |
|5-chloro-2-metylo-2H-izotiazol-3-onu i 2-metylo-2H-izotiazol-3-onu, CAS: 55965-84-9 | | |
|nadtlenek wodoru CAS: 7722-84-1 |1 |0,1% |
|chlorek laurylodwumetylobenzyloamoniowy, CAS: 68391-01-5 |1 |0,1% |
|izopropanol, CAS: 67-63-0 chlorki czwartorzędowych soli amoniowych |1 |0,1% |
|benzylo-C-12-14-alkilodimetylowe, CAS:85409-22-9 | | |
|kwas nadoctowy, CAS: 79-21-0 |3 |0,3% |
|PT 6 |1 |0,1% |
|1,2-benzizotiazol-3(2H)-on , CAS: 2634-33-5, WE: 220-120-9; |1 |0,1% |
|2-metylo-2H-izotiazol-3-on, CAS: 2682-20-4 | | |
|PT 8 |6 |0,6% |
|czwartorzędowe związki amoniowe, benzylo-C12-16-alkolodimetylo, chlorki CAS 68424-85-1 |4 |0,4% |
|kwas borowy, CAS: 10043-35-3 | | |
|tlenek miedzi, CAS: 1317-38-0 kwas borowy, CAS: 10043-35-3 |1 |0,1% |
|węglan miedzi(II)-wodorotlenek miedzi(II0 (1:1) (inna nazwa: zasadowy weglan miedzi(II)), CAS: |1 |0,1% |
|12069-69-1, WE: 235-113-6 | | |
|kwas borowy (inna nazwa: kwas ortoborowy), CAS: 10043-35-3, WE: 233-139-2 | | |
|tebukonazol, CAS: 107534-96-3, WE: 403-640-2 | | |
|PT 8, 10 |5 |0,5% |
|chlorek benzalkoniowy (inna nazwa: Preventol R 80), CAS: 8001-54-5 |5 |0,5% |
|PT 10 |1 |0,1% |
|czwartorzędowe związki amoniowe, benzylo-C12-18-alkildimetylowe, chlorki, CAS: 68391-01-5 |1 |0,1% |
|PT 14 |187 |19,3% |
|bromadiolon |96 |10% |
|(3-[3-(4′-bromo[1,1′-bifenylo]-4-yl)-3-hydroksy-1-fenylopropylo]-4-hydroksy-2-benzopiron), CAS: | | |
|28772-56-7 | | |
|3-[3-(4′-bromobifenyl-4-ilo)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naftylo]-4-hydroksykumaryna/Brodifakum, CAS: |62 |6% |
|56073-10-0 | | |
|sól sodowa warfaryny, CAS: 129-06-6 |16 |2% |
|difenakum (3-[3-(bifenyl-4-ylo)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naftylo]-4-hydroksykumaryna), CAS: |6 |1% |
|56073-07-5 | | |
|warfaryna, CAS: 81-81-2 |4 |0% |
|difetialon, CAS: 104653-34-1 |3 |0% |
|PT 16 |10 |1,0% |
|metaldehyd (inna nazwa: 2,4,6,8-tetrametylo-1,3,5,7-tetroksokan), CAS: 9002-91-9 |10 |1,0% |
|PT 18 |165 |17,0% |
|tiametoksam, CAS: 153719-23-4, WE: 428-650-4 |2 |0,2% |
|alfa-cypermetryna, CAS: 67375-30-8, |1 |0,1% |
|2,2-dimetylo-3-(2-metyloprop-1-enylo)cyklopropanokarboksylan |1 |0,1% |
|2-metylo-4-okso-3-(prop-2-ynylo)cyklopent-2-en-1-ylu/Praletryna, CAS: 23031-36-9 | | |
|cypermetryna, CAS: 52315-07-8; |1 |0,1% |
|permetryna (inna nazwa: 3-fenoksibenzil-3-(2,2-diklorovinil)-2-dimetilciklopropankarbamat, |1 |0,1% |
|cis:trans = 25:75), CAS: 52645-53-1 | | |
|cypermetryna, CAS: 52315-07-8; |1 |0,1% |
|esbiotryna; CAS: - , Środek ochrony roślin | | |
|fosforan O-(2,2-dichlorowinylo)-O,O-dimetylu (inna nazwa: dichlorfos), CAS: 62-73-7; |2 |0,2% |
|tetrametryna CAS: 7696-12-0; | | |
|cypermetryna CAS: 52315-07-8 | | |
|dichlorfos/dichlorowinyl, CAS: 62-73-7, WE: 200-547-7 |8 |0,8% |
|fosforan O-(2,2-dichlorowinylo)-O,O-dimetylu (inna nazwa: dichlorfos), CAS: 62-73-7; |1 |0,1% |
|cypermetryna CAS: 52315-07-8 | | |
|diazynon (inna nazwa: tiofosforan O,O-dietylu-O-2-izopropylo-6-metylopirymidyn-4-ylu), CAS: |1 |0,1% |
|333-41-5 | | |
|N-((6-chloro-3-pirydynylo)metylo)-N′-cyjano-N-metyloetanoimidamid/Acetamipryd, |3 |0,3% |
|CAS: 160430-64-8, WE: Środek ochrony roślin | | |
|1-(6-chloropirydyn-3-ylometylo)-N-nitroimidazolidyn-2-ylidenoamina/Imidaklopryd, CAS: | | |
|138261-41-3, WE: 428-040-8 | | |
|imidacloprid CAS 138261-41-3; |1 |0,1% |
|metomyl, CAS: 16752-77-5 | | |
|trans-2-(2,2-dichlorowinylo)-3,3-dimetylocyklopropanokarboksylan |1 |0,1% |
|2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzylu/Transflutryna, CAS: 118712-89-3 | | |
|eter 2-(2-butoksyetoksy)etylo-6-propylpiperony-lowy/butotlenek piperonylu, CAS: 51-03-6 |2 |0,2% |
|[1R-[l.alfa.(S*),3.alfa.]]-3-(2,2-dibromowinylo)-2,2-dimetylocyklopropanokarboksylan. | | |
|alfa.-cyjano-3-fenoksybenzylu/Deltametryna, CAS: 52918-63-5; | | |
|Tetrametryna, CAS: 7696-12-0 | | |
|eter 2-(2-butoksyetoksy)etylo-6-propylpiperonylowy/butotlenek piperonylu, CAS: 51-03-6 |9 |0,9% |
|2,2-dimetylo-3-(2-metyloprop-1-enylo)cyklopropanokarboksylan | | |
|2-metylo-4-okso-3-(prop-2-ynylo)cyklopent-2-en-1-ylu/ Praletryna, CAS: 23031-36-9 | | |
|(lR)-cis,trans-2,2-dimetylo-3-(2-metyloprop-1-enylo)cyklo-propanokarboksylan | | |
|3-fenoksybenzylu/d-Fenotrin, CAS: 188023-86-1 | | |
|fipronil, CAS: 120068-37-3, WE: 424-610-5 |20 |2,1% |
|3-(2,2-dichlorowinylo)-2,2-dimetylocyklopropanokarboksylan m-fenoksybenzyl/permetryna, CAS: |60 |6,2% |
|52645-53-1, WE: 258-067-9 | | |
|dichlorfos (inna nazwa: fosforan 2,2-dichlorowinylu-dimetylu), CAS: 62-73-7; |1 |0,1% |
|tetrametryna (inna nazwa: | | |
|(1-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximido)methyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylate| | |
|), CAS 7696-12-0; | | |
|cypermetryna (inna nazwa: 2,2-dimetylo-3-(2'2'-dichlorowinylo)cyklopropanokarboksylonu | | |
|alfa-cyjano-3-fenoksybenzylowego), CAS: 52315-07-8 | | |
|deltametryna, CAS: 52918-63-5 tetrametryna, CAS: 7696-12-0; |1 |0,1% |
|butoksylan piperonylu (inna nazwa: PBO), CAS: 51-03-6 | | |
|2,4-dodecadienoic acid, 11-methoxy-3,7,11, trimethyl, 1-methylethyl ester, (E,E) (inna nazwa: |1 |0,1% |
|metopren), CAS: 40596-69-8 | | |
|1-(6-chloropirydyn-3-ylometylo)-N-nitroimidazolidyn-2-ylidenoamina/Imidaklopryd, CAS: |6 |0,6% |
|138261-41-3, | | |
|trichlorfon CAS 52-68-6 (inna nazwa: ester dwumetylowy kwasu 1-hydroxy-2,2,2 |1 |0,1% |
|trójchloro-etyloortofosforowego) | | |
|tetrametryna, CAS: 7696-12-0, WE: 231-711-6 |1 |0,1% |
|eter 2-(2-butoksyetoksy)etylo-6-propylpiperonylowy/butotlenek piperonylu, CAS: 51-03-6, WE: | | |
|200-076-7 | | |
|tetramethrin, CAS: 7696-12-0; |1 |0,1% |
|2-dimetyl-3-(methylpropenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate de 3-phenoxybenzyle/Phenotrine, CAS: | | |
|26002-80-2 | | |
|[1R-[l.alfa.(S*),3.alfa.]]-3-(2,2-dibromowinylo)-2,2-dimetylocyklopropanokarboksylan.alfa.-cyjano|4 |0,4% |
|-3-fenoksybenzylu/Deltametryna, CAS: 52918-63-5, WE: 258-256-6 | | |
|dichlorowinyl/Dichlorfos, CAS: 62-73-7, WE: 200-547-7 |10 |1,0% |
|tetrametryna, CAS: 7696-12-0, WE: 231-711-6; | | |
|3-(2,2-dichlorowinylo)-2,2-dimetylocyklopropanokarboksylan.alfa.-cyjano-3-fenoksybenzylu/Cypermet| | |
|ryna, CAS: 52315-07-8, WE: 257-842-9 | | |
|alfametryna (inna nazwa: alfacypermetryna) CAS 67375-30-8; |6 |0,6% |
|esbiotryna (inne nazwy: bioalletryna; ester(S)-3-allyl-2-metylo-4-oxocyklopent-2-enyl(1R)-trans | | |
|chryzantemowy) (środek ochrony roślin, PPP); butoksylan piperonylu (inna nazwa: eter | | |
|3,4-metylenodioksy-6-propylobenzylo-n-butylodietyloglikolu) CAS: 51-03-6 | | |
|3-(2,2-dichlorowinylo)-2,2-dimetylocyklopropanokarboksylan.alfa.-cyjano-3-fenoksybenzylu/Cypermet|1 |0,1% |
|ryna, CAS: 52315-07-8, WE: 257-842-9; | | |
|(1R,3R)-2,2-dimetylo-3-(2-metyloprop-1-enylo)-cyklopropanokarboksylan | | |
|(RS)-3-allilo-2-metylo-4-oksocyklopent-2-enylu ((mieszanina 2 izomerów 1R trans: 1R/S wyłącznie | | |
|1:3)/Esbiotryna, WE: Środek ochrony roślin | | |
|fenitrotion CAS: 122-14-5, WE: 204-524-2 |1 |0,1% |
|lambda cyhalotryna (mieszanka alfa-cyjano-3-fenoksybenzylu |2 |0,2% |
|(Z)-(1R,3R)-[(S)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-enylo)]-2,2-dimetylocyklopropanokarboksylan; | | |
|alfa-cyjano-3-fenoksybenzylu | | |
|(Z)-(1S,3S)-[(R)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enylo)]-2,2-dimetylocyklopropanokarboksylan), | | |
|CAS: 91465-08-6 | | |
|permetryna CAS: 52645-53-1; |4 |0,4% |
|pyriproxyfen CAS: 95737-68-1 | | |
|karbaryl (inna nazwa: 1-naftylo N-metylokarbaminian), CAS: 63-25-2 |1 |0,1% |
|trans-2-(2,2-dichlorowinylo)-3,3-dimetylocyklopropanokarboksylan 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzylu |3 |0,3% |
|/Transflutryna, CAS: 118712-89-3, WE: 405-060-5 | | |
|esbiotryna; CAS: - , Środek ochrony roślin |1 |0,1% |
|cypermetryna CAS: 52315-07-8; |1 |0,1% |
|imiprotryna CAS: 72963-72-5 | | |
|tetrametryna, CAS: 7696-12-0; |1 |0,1% |
|permetryna, CAS: 52645-53-1; | | |
|abamektyna, CAS: 71751-41-2 |1 |0,1% |
|fipronil, CAS: 120068-37-3 |1 |0,1% |
|N-[[(4-chlorofenylo)amino]karbonylo]-2,6-difluorobenzamid, CAS: 35367-38-5 |1 |0,1% |
|PT 19 |17 |1,8% |
|ftalan di metylu, CAS: 131-11-3 |1 |0,1% |
|N,N-dietylo-m-toluamid, CAS: 134-62-3 |8 |0,8% |
|N-acetylo-N-butylo-.beta.-alaninian etylu (inna nazwa: etyl butyloacetylaminopropionate, IR3535) |2 |0,2% |
|CAS: 52304-36-6, WE: 257-835-0 | | |
|olejek lawendowy, CAS: 91722-69-9 |1 |0,1% |
|(1R,3R)-2,2-dimetylo-3-(2-metyloprop-1-enylo)-cyklopropanokarboksylan |1 |0,1% |
|(RS)-3-allilo-2-metylo-4-oksocyklopent-2-enylu ((mieszanina 2 izomerów 1R trans: 1R/S wyłącznie | | |
|1:3)/Esbiotryna CAS: ---, WE: środek ochrony roślin | | |
|aldehyd cynamonowy, CAS: 104-55-2; |1 |0,1% |
|2-undekanon, CAS: 112-12-9 | | |
|naftalen, CAS: 91-20-3 |2 |0,2% |
|ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (inna nazwa: N-acetylo-N-butylo-.beta.-alaninian etylu, nazwa |1 |0,1% |
|handlowa: Insect Repellent IR3535), CAS: 52304-36-6, WE: 257-835-0 | | |
|PT 23 |7 |0,7% |
|chloraloza, CAS: 15879-93-3, WE: 240-016-7 |4 |0,4% |
|fosforek glinu, CAS: 20859-73-8, WE: 244-088-0 powstaje in situ podczas spalania świecy z |2 |0,2% |
|prekursorów: 1) Chloran (V) potasu, CAS: 3811-04-9; WE: 223-289-7 2) Fosforan wapnia trizasadowy,| | |
|CAS: 7758-87-4, WE: 231-840-8 3) Aluminium proszek, CAS: 7429-90-5, WE: 231-072-3 | | |
|brodifacoum, CAS: 56073-10-0; |1 |0,1% |
|chloraloza, CAS: 15879-93-3 | | |
|A total of |584 | |
The percentage of cases of poisoning in each PT group, where the identity of the active substance was impossible to identify (387 cases of poisoning).
|Product group |% all poisoning |
|PT | |
|PT 14 |19,4% |
|PT 18 |9,7% |
|PT 2 |8,4% |
|PT 23 |0,2% |
|PT 4 |0,1% |
|PT 8 |0,1% |
|undetermined PT |2,0% |
Romania
The cases of poisoning with biocidal products amongst the population, reported at the Centre for Poisoning Information (Office for International Sanitary Regulation and Toxicological Information, NIPH Bucharest) during 2009-2011, are summarized in the table 1.
Table 1
|Exposed Group/ Product types |nonprofessional |nonprofessional |nonprofessional |professional |
| |2009 |2010 |2011 |2010 |2011 |
|PT01 |35 |34 |47 | | |
|PT02 |122 |131 |122 | |2 |
|PT03 |10 |8 |13 | | |
|PT04 |4 |14 |14 | | |
|PT05 |22 |17 |20 | | |
|PT06 |1 |0 |0 | | |
|PT07 |13 |19 |20 | | |
|PT08 |6 |9 |4 | | |
|PT09 |10 |8 |8 | |1 |
|PT10 |13 |6 |11 | | |
|PT11 |3 |7 |2 | | |
|PT12 |- |- |- | | |
|PT13 |- |- |- | | |
|PT14 |29 |37 |29 | | |
|PT15 |1 |0 |0 | | |
|PT16 |0 |0 |1 | | |
|PT17 |1 |0 |1 | | |
|PT18 |249 |244 |209 | | |
|PT19 |5 |14 |6 | | |
|PT20 |8 |25 |6 | | |
|PT21 |0 |1 |3 | | |
|PT22 |6 |14 |11 | | |
|PT23 |1 |2 |2 | | |
|Total cases |539 |590 |529 | |3 |
The Forensic Health Care Institute - Toxicology Laboratory reported for the period 20092012 a total number of 80 deaths, following the ingestion of pesticides products
(agricultural insecticides and herbicides, partially banned as biocides):
|No. of cases |2009 |2010 |2011 |- sept 2012 |
|Total cases |1 |34 |25 |20 |
|Insecticides: alfamethrin*, diazinon*, | | | | |
|dimethoate*, deltamethrin*, endosulfan, | | | | |
|furadan, imidacloprid*, malathion*, methomyl*, | | | | |
|parathion, sulfotep | | | | |
|Herbicides: 2,4-D, acetochlor, dinoseb, | | | | |
|Fungicides: metalaxyl | | | | |
* - biocidal active substance simultaneously, some of them banned as biocides, according to European non-inclusion decisions.
Slovakia
|Year | |2009 |
|2 |12 |sodium hypochlorite |
|1 |3 |propan-1-ol |
|1 |3 |propan-2-ol |
|1 |7 |propan-1-ol |propan-2-ol |ethanol |
|antifouling |16 |5 |11 | |
|rodenticides, warfarin |39 (137) |37 (59) |36 (64) |Humans (animals) |
|rodenticides, super warfarin |43 (167) |60 (113) |40 (97) |Humans (animals) |
|rodenticides, unknown |82 (102) | 68 (69) |59 (61) |Humans (animals) |
|wood preservatives |23 (2) |17 (3) |14 (0) |Humans (animals) |
|pesticide, class 3, mosquito repellent |112 (6) |74 (4) |97 (5) |Humans (animals) |
|pesticide, class 1-2, org. phosphoric comp. |6 (0) |3 (2) |5 (0) |Humans (animals) |
|pesticide, class 3, org. phosphoric comp. |50 (36) |44 (42) |62 (23) |Humans (animals) |
|pesticide, class 1-2, pyrethroids |26 (12) |18 (7) |32 (2) |Humans (animals) |
|pesticide, class 3, pyrethroids |151 (43) |126 (33) |135 (25) |Humans (animals) |
|pesticide, class 1-2, unspecified |31 (11) |38 (12) |45 (7) |Humans (animals); Unknown if biocide or PPP |
|pesticide, class 3, unspecified |296 (120) |303 (112) |349 (76) |Humans (animals); Unknown if biocide or PPP |
|pesticides unspecified/unknown |63 (23) |66 (10) |60 (13) |Humans (animals); Unknown if biocide or PPP |
|biocide, mothballs |8 |6 |4 | |
|disinfectants, anti algae, quaternary ammonium comp. |13 (0) |12 (1) |27 (0) |Humans (animals) |
|disinfectants, anti algae, unspecified |16 (2) |6 (0) |18 (0) |Humans (animals |
|disinfectants, ethanol/isopropanol |921 (1) |960 (1) |1049 (4) |Humans (animals |
|disinfectants, phenol, cresol |12 |15 |18 | |
|disinfectants, formaldehyde |3 |8 |3 | |
|disinfectants, hypochlorite |148 (7) |114 (4) |124 (3) |Humans (animals |
|disinfectants, iodine |16 (3) |20 (0) |19 (2) |Humans (animals |
|disinfectants, potassium permanganate |17 (1) |23 (0) |11 (1) |Humans (animals |
|disinfectants, quaternary ammonium comp. |41 (2) |31 (0) |54 (1) |Humans (animals |
|disinfectants, peroxides |25 (0) |27 (0) |23 (1) |Humans (animals |
|disinfectants, unspecified |124 (3) |143 (2) |122 (1) |Humans (animals |
|pool chemical, hypochlorite |137 (0) |144 (0) |132 (1) |Humans (animals |
|pool chemical, iodine |16 |20 |19 | |
|pool chemical, quaternary ammonium comp. |8 |5 |6 | |
|pool chemical, percarbonates |1 |2 |1 | |
|pool chemical, peroxides |8 |5 |2 | |
|pool chemical, NaOH |0 |3 |1 | |
|pool chemical, alkali others |2 |2 |2 | |
|pool chemical, acid |29 |2 |5 | |
|pool chemical, unspecified |62 (5) |68 (8) |58 (2) |Humans (animals |
United Kingdom
The NPIS records enquiries about suspected poisoning incidents, which will include those involving biocidal products. From the data available it has not always been possible to differentiate between Biocidal Products, Plant Protection Products and Veterinary Products. Therefore the numbers of incidents that actually involved Biocidal Products may be less than reported. In addition it has not been possible to determine the Product Type involved in the reported incident. Therefore all possible Product Types have been noted.
Previously the UK Biocides CA reported from April 2007 to March 2009 inclusive. These data did not include telephone enquiries to NPIS. For this questionnaire data are available from April 2009 to March 2012 inclusive, and are reported below. Due to changes in the way in which data have been recorded by NPIS, figures below now do include telephone enquiries, and will be greater than in previous years as a consequence.
1. April 2009 to March 2010
During the period between April 2009 and March 2010 there were a total of 905 patient exposures recorded by NPIS. The majority of these were to biocides and plant protection products.
Of these 905 exposures, 84 were due to deliberate self-harm, with Product-Type (PT)14 being most common; the most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances are shown in Table 1. A description of the biocidal PTs is annexed to this report.
Table 1 Most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances implicated in instances of self-harm April 2009 to March 2010
|Active Substance |Product Type |Number of reports |
|Bromadiolone |PT14 |13 |
|Difenacoum |PT14 |5 |
|Permethrin |PT8, 9 &18 |4 |
Of the remaining 821 accidental exposures, the vast majority were acute in nature; the most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances implicated in instances of accidental exposure April 2009 to March 2010
|Active Substance |Product Type |Number of reports |
|Permethrin |PT8, 9 &18 |87 |
|Tetramethrin |PT18 |36 |
|Bendiocarb |PT18 |29 |
|Cypermethrin |PT8 & 18 |27 |
|Bromadiolone |PT14 |21 |
|Difenacoum |PT14 |20 |
|Imidacloprid |PT18 |17 |
|Alpha-Cypermethrin |PT18 |11 |
|Boric acid |PT8 |10 |
|D-Phenothrin |PT18 |9 |
|Deltamethrin |PT18 |8 |
|Pyrethrins |PT18 & 19 |8 |
|Sodium hypochlorite |PT1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 & 12 |3 |
2. April 2010 to March 2011
During the period between April 2010 and March 2011 there were a total of 1215 patient exposures recorded by NPIS. The majority of these were to biocides and plant protection products.
Of these 1215 exposures, 127 were due to deliberate self-harm, with PT14 being most common; the most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances implicated in instances of self-harm April 2010 to March 2011
|Active Substance |Product Type |Number of reports |
|Bromadiolone |PT14 |9 |
|Permethrin |PT8, 9 &18 |6 |
|Aluminium phosphide |PT14, 18 & 23 |5 |
|Difenacoum |PT14 |4 |
|Bendiocarb |PT18 |3 |
|Cypermethrin |PT8 & 18 |3 |
Of the remaining 1088 accidental exposures, the vast majority were acute in nature; the most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances implicated in instances of accidental exposure April 2010 to March 2011
|Active Substance |Product Type |Number of reports |
|Permethrin |PT8, 9 &18 |93 |
|Bromadiolone |PT14 |41 |
|Difenacoum |PT14 |41 |
|Deltamethrin |PT18 |35 |
|Tetramethrin |PT18 |33 |
|Bendiocarb |PT18 |33 |
|Imidacloprid |PT18 |30 |
|Cypermethrin |PT8 & 18 |29 |
|Fipronil |PT18 |18 |
|Pyrethrins |PT18 & 19 |16 |
|D-Phenothrin |PT18 |15 |
|Aluminium phosphide |PT14, 18 & 23 |10 |
|Bifenthrin |PT8 & 18 |7 |
|Alpha-Cypermethrin |PT18 |7 |
3. April 2011 to March 2012
During the period between April 2011 and March 2012 there were a total of 1165 patient exposures recorded by NPIS. The majority of these were to biocides and plant protection products.
Of these 1165 exposures, 107 were due to deliberate self-harm, with PT14 being most common; the most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances implicated in instances of self-harm April 2011 to March 2012
|Active Substance |Product Type |Number of reports |
|Bromadiolone |PT14 |14 |
|Difenacoum |PT14 |8 |
|Tetramethrin |PT18 |3 |
|Permethrin |PT8, 9 &18 |2 |
|D-phenothrin |PT18 |2 |
Of the remaining 1058 accidental exposures, the vast majority were acute in nature; the most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Most frequently reported identifiable biocidal active substances implicated in instances of accidental exposure April 2011 to March 2012
|Active Substance |Product Type |Number of reports |
|Permethrin |PT8, 9 &18 |84 |
|Tetramethrin |PT18 |36 |
|Bromadiolone |PT14 |35 |
|Difenacoum |PT14 |33 |
|Aluminium phosphide |PT14, 18 & 23 |25 |
|Bendiocarb |PT18 |25 |
|Deltamethrin |PT18 |21 |
|Fipronil |PT18 |19 |
|D-Phenothrin |PT18 |15 |
|Imidacloprid |PT18 |15 |
|Pyrethrins |PT18 & 19 |14 |
|Cypermethrin |PT8 & 18 |13 |
|Benzalkonium chloride |PT1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10 &12 |12 |
|Propiconazole |PT7, 8 & 9 |7 |
|Spinosad |PT18 |7 |
|Lambda cyhalothrin |PT18 |6 |
|Bifenthrin |PT18 |5 |
|1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one |PT2, 6, 9, 11, 12 & 13 |5 |
|Calciferol |PT14 |5 |
|Fatty acids |PT4, 18 & 19 |4 |
Norway
We do not have a complete national statistic on poisonings involving biocidal products in Norway. However, we have some data from the Norwegian Poison Information Centre, who register the number of inquiries concerning poisonings. The number of inquiries does not correspond to the number of patients or give specific information on the number of poisonings. There can be several inquiries involved in one poisoning accident.
Data from the Norwegian Poison Information Center
|Type of biocide product |2009 |2010 |2011 |2012 |
|Rodenticides |102 |101 |93 |95 |
|Rodenticides, number of |66 |66 |60 |66 |
|which concerned second | | | | |
|generation rodenticides | | | | |
|Antifouling products |24 |27 |31 |26 |
|Disinfectants |526 |550 |591 |530 |
|Insecticides |243 |195 |219 |212 |
|Wood preservatives |20 |15 |18 |25 |
|Wood preservatives |11 |8 |4 |8 |
|number of which | | | | |
|concerned creosote | | | | |
Switzerland
The following table contains the numbers of phone calls to the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre for poisonings with various types of biocidal products. There is no obligation in Switzerland to report poisonings to the Toxicological Information Centre or to the authorities. From representative polls it is established that less than 20% of the Swiss population knows the Toxicological Information Centre. It can therefore be assumed that the real numbers are much higher.
|Type of biocidal product |Year 2009 |Year 2010 |Year 2011 |Year 2012 |
|Rodenticides |8 |18 |7 |10 |
|Fungicides |0 |4 |2 |4 |
|Wood preservatives |1 |2 |7 |6 |
|Preservation products |0 |1 |1 |4 |
|Disinfectants |22 |17 |28 |39 |
|Insecticides |19 |26 |24 |30 |
|Snail baits (molluscicides) |1 |1 |3 |0 |
ANNEX II
Contact details Competent Authorities for Biocides
All contact details can be found on the Commissions' CIRCABC website:
-----------------------
[1] The total number of cases, obtained by totalling the effective poisonings for each PT exceeds 18.143 (100%), because many commercial products are registered in several PTs.
[2] Persson H., Sjoberg GK., Haines JA., Pronczuk de Garbino J.: Poisoning Severity Score. Grading of Acute Poisoning. Journal of Toxicology and Clinical Toxicology, 36 (3), 205-213, 1998.
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.