Instructions - Clark Science Center
Questions
1) What are the three basic logic/digital circuit gates? Identify them and draw the logic gate symbol for each. (1 point each)
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2) Why are computer circuits (digital circuits) also referred to as logic circuits (a short phrase answer is fine) (1 point)
Computers work with binary numbers and digital circuits, meaning there are only two symbols, 0 and 1, available to be used by the computer for all its computations. Logic also works with two symbols, or concepts, true and false. The rules for manipulating logical expressions, along with the basic ways for combining them (i.e., the not and and or functions), are powerful tools that can be used in designing electronic digital circuits. As a result of the similarity between the tools for developing and simplifying logic expressions and digital/binary expressions, digital circuits can also be referred to as logic circuits.
3) Why is the Exclisive-OR logic gate an important gate? (Which is to ask, what is the role or function of the XOR gate in a computer?) (1 point)
The XOR gate (EOR in our simulator) is a fundamental gate for binary addition – making it a very important gate for the Arithmetic Logic Unit in the CPU.
(The XOR is true only when one input, but not both, are true, or ‘1.’)
4) Add these two binary numbers (1 point)
1 1 (carry)
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 0 0 (sum)
5) Comparing the half adder circuit and full adder circuits (1 point)
a. The half adder circuit can add how many bits of data? 2 bits
i. How many inputs does it have? 2 inputs
ii. How many outputs does it have? 2 outputs
b. The full adder circuit can add how many bits of data? 3 bits
i. How many inputs does it have? 3 inputs
ii. How many outputs does it have? 2 outputs
6) What is feedback and why (brief statement) is it important in memory circuits?
(2 points)
This is in section 2.3, pages 58 and 59. Feedback is a connection from the output of a circuit to its input. Feedback is what allows digital circuits to remember. What they remember is their “state” i.e., whether they are in state ‘0’ or state ‘1.’ Without feedback, there would be no RAM.
7) What is a register? What are two of the registers in the CPU? (1 point)
This is discussed in section 2.3.2, starting on page 61. A register is a small memory circuit that is part of the CPU. Examples are the program counter, the instruction register, and the accumulator.
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a. NOT
b. AND
c. OR
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