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Logical Fallacies
What is a logical fallacy?
A logical fallacy is an argument that uses poor reasoning. It is important to be able to recognize logical fallacies to avoid being exploited or swindled by writers or speakers who want your money, your voice, or your vote. It is also important to avoid using logical fallacies in your own argumentation
Common Logical Fallacies:
Hasty Generalization: a conclusion based on too little _______________, In other words you are rushing to a conclusion before you have all the important facts. Often uses words like ___________________.
My mom and sister hate sports. All women hate sports.
Either/Or Fallacy: suggests that only __________________ exist when, in fact, there are more.
We either stop using cars or we destroy the earth.
Non Sequitur: a Latin phrase meaning “it does not follow,” presents a conclusion that is not the _________ result of a claim or of evidence that precedes it.
This car has a noisy engine so it must be fast.
Ad Hominem (Smear Technique): an attack directed on the _______________ of the opponent rather than on the ___________at hand.
My opponent is only saying that because he is a crazy liberal tree-hugger.
Slippery Slope: an argument that points to a specific action and claims, _________________, that the action will inevitably lead to ____________________.
If we ban Hummers because they are bad for the environment eventually the government will ban all cars, so we should not ban Hummers.
B. Identify the fallacy in each of the following examples:
1. Requiring trigger locks will result in the banning of all guns.
2. You either support clean air standards, or you support the auto industry.
3. Michelle didn’t steal the ice cream bar because she is a straight-A student.
4. The president’s program to beat inflation is entirely unrealistic, and this is not surprising because the president was too busy playing football in college to get a good grade in economics.
5. All English teachers are stylish dressers.
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