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THE WESTMINSTER SCHOOL, DUBAI

HISTORY PROJECT- GREEK CIVILIZATION

To be submitted by 30th April 2014

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Location: Greece (formally known as the Hellenic Republic) is a large country in southeastern Europe on the Mediterranean Sea. Greece is bordered by Albania, Macedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), Bulgaria, and Turkey.

Capital: Athens is the capital of Greece.

Size: Greece covers about 131,940 square kilometers (slightly smaller than the US state of Alabama). There are 13,676 kilometers of coastline.

Population: The population of Greece is about 10,706,290 (as of July, 2007). .

Official Language:Greek

Flag: The flag of Greece is blue and white; it has nine horizontal blue and white stripes, with a white cross on a blue square field in the canton position (the upper left corner by the flagpole). It was adopted in 1978.

Climate: Greece is generally temperate.

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Highest Point: The highest point in Greece is Mount Olympus (2,917 meters high).

Lowest Point: The lowest point in Greece is the Mediterranean Sea (at sea level).

Natural Resources: Greece is rich in natural resources, including fertile farmlands, minerals, and seaports.

Independence: Greece gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. Greek National Independence Day is celebrated on March 25 each year.

1. What is the capital of Greece? ______________________

2. What is the name of the large sea that borders Greece on the south? ______________________

3. What is the name of the sea that separates Greece from Turkey? ______________________

4. What is the name of the long Greek island south of the mainland? ______________________

5. What is the name of the country that borders Greece on the northwest (on the Ionian Sea)? ______________________

6. The highest mountain in Greece is in northern Greece, east of Ionia. What is its name? _____________________

7. Is Sparta in the northern, southern, eastern, or western part of Greece? _____________________

8. If you wanted to travel from Crete to Rhodes, in which direction would you sail? ___________________________

9. If you wanted to travel from Athens to Mt. Parnassus, in which direction would you head? _____________________

10. Roughly how many miles is it from Athens to Mt. Parnassus: 1 km, 10 km, 100 km, 1,000 km, or 10,000 km? _____________________

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|CITY STATES: Athens and Sparta were the two most important city-states in ancient Greece, or so |

|they believed. But they were not the only city-states. There were many city-states in the ancient Greek world.|

|Each was important in its own way. The Greeks who lived in each city-state were proud of their|

|hometown. They were also proud to be Greek. All Greeks, wherever they made their home, had |

|things in common.  |

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|TO BE GREEK: The ancient Greeks spoke the same language. |

|TO BE A CITIZEN OF A CITY-STATE: The ancient Greeks referred to |

|themselves, however, as citizens of their hometown - their city-state. |

|Each city-state (polis) had its own personality, goals, laws and customs. Ancient Greeks were very loyal to their city-state.  |

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|There were three main forms of government in ancient Greece: |

|Monarchy: Rule by a king. One city-state whose government was a monarchy was the city-state of Corinth. |

|Oligarchy: Rule by a small group. One city-state whose government was an oligarchy was the city-state of Sparta. |

|Democracy: Rule by the citizens, voting in an assembly. One city-state whose government experimented for about a hundred years with democracy was |

|the ancient city-state of Athens.  |

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Pets-We know about some Greek toys from pictures on pottery vases and from artefacts found by archaeologists. Children played with small pottery figures,

and dolls made of rags, wood, wax or clay - some dolls had moveable arms and legs. Other toys were rattles, hoops, yo-yos, and hobby horses (a "pretend horse"

made from a stick). Birds, goats, tortoises, and mice were all popular pets. Cats, however, were not. Pottery-The Greeks made pots from clay. They made small pottery bowls and cups for drinking water, middle-sized pots for carrying and cooking, elegant

vases for decoration, and large jars for storing foods. Potters in the city states of Corinth and Athens made beautiful pottery. Greek potters also made pottery decorated with red figures on a black background.

Greek ships-Greek ships had sails, and were pushed along by the wind. Small trading ships usually stayed close to the shore, so the sailors did not get lost.y. Greek warships had oars as well as sails. The largest warships had three banks

of oars and were called triremes. A trireme needed 170 men to row it - one

man to each oar. It had a long narrow deck that soldiers could run along and

fight from. The oarsmen sat underneath the deck. Archaeologists have measured the remains of ship-sheds where Greek ships were built, to work out how big they were. A trireme was about 35 m/115 ft long.

Homes – Courtyards Greek houses, in the 6th and 5th century B.C., were made up of two or three rooms, built around an open air courtyard, built of stone, wood, or clay bricks. Larger homes might also have a kitchen, a room for bathing, a men's dining room, and perhaps a woman's sitting area

Diet

Most meals were enjoyed in a courtyard near the home. Greek cooking

equipment was small and light and could easily be set up there.

Food in Ancient Greece consisted of grains, figs, wheat to make bread,

barley, fruit, vegetables, breads, and cake. People in Ancient Greece

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also ate grapes and seafood of all kinds. Along the coastline, the soil was not very fertile, but the ancient Greeks used systems of irrigation and crop rotation to help solve that problem. They kept goats, for milk and cheese. They sometimes hunted for meat.

Clothing – Accessories

Greek clothing was very simple. Men and women wore linen in the summer and wool in the winter. The ancient Greeks could buy cloth and clothes in the agora, the marketplace, but that was expensive. Most families made their own clothes, which were simple tunics and warm cloaks, made of linen or wool, dyed a bright color, or bleached white. Both men and women in ancient Athens, and in most of the other city-states, used perfume, made by boiling flowers and herbs. The first real hat, the broad-brimmed petasos, was invented by the ancient Greeks. It was worn only for traveling. bleaching their hair. Men cut their hair short and, unless they were soldiers, wore beards.

Dancing – Music Dance was very important to the ancient Greeks. They believed that dance improved both physical and emotional health. There were more than 200 ancient Greek dances; comic dances, warlike dances, dances for athletes, plus dances for weddings and celebrations. Dance was accompanied by music played on lyres, flutes, and a wide variety of percussion instruments such as tambourines, cymbals and castanets.

Story telling-The ancient Greeks loved stories. They created many marvelous stories, myths, and fables that we enjoy today, like Odysseus and the Terrible Sea. Aesop's Fables, written by Aesop, an ancient Greek, are still read and enjoyed all over the world.

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| |Some of the most famous Ancient Greeks include: |

| |Plato (c.429-327 BC) - He was a brilliant student of Socrates and later carried |

| |on his work. He gathered Socrates' ideas and wrote them down in a book. Plato |

| |founded the world's first university. He wrote down his teachings and people all |

| |over the world, even today, study the Greek philosophers |

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| |Aristotle (382-322 BC) - discovered many things in science and biology. He |

| |wrote books about physics, poetry, zoology, biology, politics, governments, and |

| |more. His father was the personal physician of the King of Macedonia. When |

| |Aristotle turned 17, he went to Athens to study with Plato. |

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| |Archimedes - was a mathematician and an engineer. He designed a machine, |

| |called the Archimedean screw, which could make water flow uphill. His design |

| |has been used for almost 2,000 years, to take water from rivers to the fields. |

| |Archimedes was able to tell fool's gold from real gold. |

| |Pythagoras - was a mathematician. Can find out about Pythagoras' theorem |

| |on right-angled triangles. |

| |Alexander the Great |

| |Alexander the Great was born in 356 B.C. in Pella, Macedonia, the son of Philip |

| |of Macedon, who was an excellent general and organizer. He was called 'the |

| |Great' because he conquered more lands than anyone before him and became the |

| |overall ruler of Greece. |

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The Ancient Olympics:

The ancient Greeks dedicated the Olympic Games. The original games were held on the plain of Olympia in Greece.

The Greeks held the first Olympic games in the year 776 BC (over 2700 years ago), and had only one event, a sprint (a short run that was called the "stade"). A wreath of olive branches was placed on the winner's head (in Greek, this is called a kotinos). The olive tree was the sacred tree of Athens, Greece.

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The four-year period between the Olympic games was called an olympiad. Every four years, the Greeks held an Olympics, which continued to grow and change. Many other sports were added, including other races, wrestling, boxing, pentathlon (five events, including the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, foot race, and wrestling), and equestrian events (events with horses and people, like chariot races and horse races)

The Flag of the Olympic Games:

The flag of the Olympic Games has five interlocking rings (blue, yellow, black, green, and red) on a white ground. The rings represent the five parts of the world that were joined together in the Olympic movement: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia and Europe

The Olympic flag was first used in the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium. The Olympic flag is paraded during the opening ceremony of each Olympic

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Games. At the end of an Olympics, the mayor of the host-city presents the flag to the mayor of the next host-city. The flag will remain in the town hall of the next host-city until the next Olympic Games, four years later.

History of the Olympic Flame

The tradition of the Olympic flame began during the ancient Olympic Games, over 2700 years ago in Greece. A flame was lit for each Olympics, every four years, and it burned throughout the games. The flame symbolized the death and rebirth of Greek heroes. There was no torch relay in the ancient Olympics. The first torch relay took place at the 1936 games in Berlin, Germany.

The Olympic Motto:The Olympic motto is, "Citius, Altius, Fortius," which means "Swifter, Higher, Stronger."

Olympic Events:

The events in the Summer Olympics include: archery, badminton, baseball, basketball, boxing, canoeing, cycling, diving, equestrian, fencing, football (soccer), gymnastics, handball, hockey, judo, kayaking, marathon, pentathlon, ping pong, rowing, sailing, shooting, swimming,tennis, track and field (many running, jumping, and throwing events), triathlon, volleyball, water polo, weightlifting, wrestling (freestyle and Greco-Roman).

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|Science Inventors and Inventions from Greece |

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|STEAM ENGINE |

|The steam engine was invented by Heron, an ancient Greek geometer and engineer from Alexandria. A steam engine designed for real work wasn't |

|designed until 1690, when Dionysius Papin published plans for a for a high-pressure steam engine. Thomas Savery built the first steam engine |

|in 1698. Watt later improved the steam engine. |

|UMBRELLA |

|The umbrella was invented thousands of years ago. The earliest umbrellas were made to shade the user from the sun (an umbrella used as a sun|

|shade is called a parasol). Umbrellas were used as much a 4,000 years ago in ancient Assyria, China, Egypt, and Greece. The Chinese were |

|probably the first to waterproof the umbrella for use in the rain. |

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|The Number System |

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|1 |

|V |

|3 |

|4 |

|5 |

|6 |

|7 |

|W |

|9 |

|10 |

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|11 |

|12 |

|A |

|14 |

|15 |

|16 |

|P |

|18 |

|O |

|20 |

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|21 |

|22 |

|23 |

|U |

|25 |

|F |

|27 |

|28 |

|29 |

|E |

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|31 |

|R |

|33 |

|34 |

|J |

|36 |

|K |

|38 |

|39 |

|40 |

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|L |

|42 |

|43 |

|44 |

|45 |

|46 |

|47 |

|48 |

|49 |

|50 |

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|51 |

|52 |

|Q |

|54 |

|55 |

|S |

|57 |

|58 |

|C |

|T |

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|61 |

|62 |

|63 |

|B |

|65 |

|66 |

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|72 |

|73 |

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|G |

|76 |

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|79 |

|D |

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|81 |

|H |

|83 |

|84 |

|85 |

|86 |

|87 |

|N |

|89 |

|90 |

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|M |

|92 |

|Z |

|94 |

|I |

|96 |

|97 |

|98 |

|X |

|Y |

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|59, 32, 13, 59, 37 __ 60, 82, 30 __ 59, 19, 80, 30! |

|Write the message given to you |

|_______________ ______ ______________! |

|The table is a grid showing the numbers from 1 to 100, although some of the numbers have been replaced by letters. The children should |

|look at the first number in the code, find where it should be in the grid, and write down the letter that is in its space. Repeating |

|this process should enable the children to work out the code. |

|Greek Number Forms |

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|Greek language The Greek alphabet has 24 letters. The word alphabet comes from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and |

|beta. The Greek alphabet emerged around 800 B.C. The Greek alphabet added symbols for vowel sounds; it was the first language that had |

|symbols for both consonant and vowel sounds. Greek letters are used throughout the world as symbols in mathematics and the sciences. |

|Greek Prefixes |

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|Greek Root words |

|anthrop- “human” philanthropy |

|chron- “time” chronometer |

|dem- “people” democracy |

|morph- “form” metamorphic |

|path- “feeling, suffering” empathy |

|Ped, pedo- “child, children” pediatrician, |

|philo-, -phil-”having a strong affinity |

|or love” philanthropy |

|phon- “sound” polyphonic |

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Ancient Greece quiz for you to check your understanding beyond this booklet .Go through the websites given on the last page of the booklet.

1. Greece is on the continent of _______ .

a) Africa

b) Europe

c) Asia

2. The land in Greece is ________ .

a) mountainous

b) rolling hills

c) desert

d) swampy

3. Greeks traveled by land a lot.

a) True

b) False

4. The Greek city-states did not want to be ruled by the Persians.

a) True

b) False

5. The Greeks won all the battle against the Persians.

a) True

b) False

6. Darius I fought the Greeks at Marathon and won.

a) True

b) False

7. The Athenians had the best ______ .

a) crops

b) navy

c) clothing

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|Try this at home |

|Olive Leaf Crown Instructions |

|You will need: |

|Green construction paper |

|Glue stick |

|Sticky tape |

|Scissors |

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|Cut a strip of paper about 1 1/2 inches wide. Measure it around the child’s head and cut to size. Cut out lots of leaf shapes and glue them |

|along the length of the strip, leaving a couple of inches at either end. Tape the two ends of the band together. |

|The Olympic torch is a widely-recognised symbol of the Olympic games with its origins going back to Ancient Greece, when a fire was kept |

|burning throughout the games. |

|Olympic Torch Instructions |

|You will need: |

|An empty small drink bottle |

|Aluminium foil |

|Scissors |

|Red/yellow/orange paper |

|Sticky tape. |

|Sand paper |

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|Cut the bottom from the drinks bottle and discard. You may need to smooth the edges for young children. Wrap the bottle in aluminium foil, |

|tape down any loose edges. You now have your torch.To make the flame, cut flame shaped pieces from the paper and tape to the inside of the |

|torch starting with small pieces at the edge and getting bigger as you work in. |

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|YEAR 5 HISTORY PAGE 15 |

|Try these craft activity |

|Compose a song in the praise of the famous Greek personality/ Greek civilization/anything that really motivated you. |

|OR |

|You can download a song on the Greek Civilization from the websites and sing in your learning bay. |

|For more information |

|learn/greeks/ |

|bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/...greeks/greek_world |

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• Bi-“two” Bipolar

• Tri -“three” triangle

• Terta -“four” tetrameter

• Penta- “five” Pentagon

• Hexa-“six” hexagram

• Hepta-“seven” heptagon

• Octa -“eight” octagon

• Deca -“ten” decagram

• Kilo -“thousand” kilogram

Identify the given 2D shapes

Acro-“top” Acrobat

Auto -“self” automobile

Dys -“bad” dysfunctional

Hemi -“half” hemisphere

Hyper -“in excess” hyperactive

Micro -“small” microscope

Neo -“new” neoclassical

Pseudo -“false”- pseudonym

Geo -“earth” - geography

Using the given prefixes, can you form any four new words in the space given below:

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Using the given root words, can you form any four new words in the space given below:

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