CHEMISTRY 12 – WORKSHEET (Keq Level 3 Questions)
AP CHEMISTRY Name ____________________________
Unit 4, Test Review Date ______________ Hour ____
LO 1.5 The student is able to explain the distribution of electrons in an atom or ion based upon data.
LO 1.6 The student is able to analyze data relating to electron energies for patterns and relationships.
LO 1.7 The student is able to describe the electronic structure of the atom, using PES data, ionization energy data, and/or Coulomb’s Law to construct explanations of how the energies of electrons within shells in atoms vary.
LO 1.8 The student is able to explain the distribution of electrons using Coulomb’s Law to analyze measured energies.
LO 1.9 The student is able to predict and/or justify trends in atomic properties based on location on the periodic table and/or the shell model.
LO 1.10 Students can justify with evidence the arrangement of the periodic table and can apply periodic properties to chemical reactivity.
LO 1.12 The student is able to explain why a given set of data suggests, or does not suggest, the need to refine the atomic model from a classical shell model with the quantum mechanical model.
LO 1.14 The student is able to use data from mass spectrometry to identify the elements and the masses of individual atoms of a specific element.
1. A new element with atomic number 116 was discovered in 2000. In 2012, it was named livermorium, Lv. Although Lv is radioactive and short lived, its chemical properties and reactivity should follow periodic trends.
a. Write the electron configuration for just the valence electrons of Lv in the ground state.
b. According to periodic properties, what would be the most likely formula for the product obtained when Lv reacts with hydrogen gas?
c. The first ionization energy of polonium, Po, is
812 kJ/mol. Is the first ionization energy of Lv
expected to be greater than, less than, or equal to
that of Po? Justify your answer.
d. Shown to the right is a hypothetical mass spectrum
for a sample of Lv containing 10 atoms. Calculate
the average atomic mass of Lv to four significant
figures.
2. The first ionization energies for Na and K are given in the table to the right.
a. Write the electron configuration for a K+ ion.
b. Based on principles of atomic structure, explain
why the first ionization energy of K is lower than
the first ionization energy of Na.
c. Na and K both react vigorously with water to form
hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide.
i. Write a balanced equation for the reaction
between sodium metal and water.
ii. Which of the two metals do you predict will react more vigorously when added to
water? Justify your answer based on ionization energy.
3. The complete photoelectron spectra of neutral atoms of two unknown elements, X and Y, are
shown above. Which of the following can be inferred from the data?
(A) Element X has a greater electronegativity than element Y does.
(B) Element X has a greater ionization energy than element Y does.
(C) Element Y has a greater nuclear charge than element X does.
(D) The isotopes of element Y are approximately equal in abundance, but those of element X
are not.
4. Explain the following observations using concepts relating to Coulomb’s law.
a. The first ionization energy of nitrogen is larger than that of carbon.
b. The first ionization energy of oxygen is smaller than that of nitrogen.
c. The radius of a bromine atom is larger than that of a chlorine atom.
d. The electronegativity of chlorine is greater than that of aluminum.
e. The radius of a sulfide ion is larger than that of a sulfur atom.
f. The radius of a calcium ion is smaller than that of a calcium atom.
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