Conversion of Different Types of Loads - ETH Z

F4

Structural Design I

Types of Loads

p. 1 / 2

We differentiate between three different types of loads: point load (e.g. columns), line load (e.g. walls) and area load (e.g. snow).

To know what kind of force is given, we use different indications: point loads in capital letters, line loads in lower case and area loads in coated lower case.

aFrle?achloeandlasst _s uEniint:h[ekiNt:/[mkN2]/m2]

_s

lineLlionaiednslast s unitE: i[nkhNe/mit:2][kN/m]

s

pPouinntkltolaasdt FF uEniint:h[ekiNt:/m[k2N] ]

F

Fl?chenlast _g

_q

_s

Linienlast g

q

s

Punktlast G Q F

savltle?rgn?ednimdgeeierlniLecahsLteasLtast

Conversion of Different Types of Loads

area lFola?dchsenlast _s unit: [EkNin/hme2i]t: [kN/m2]

_s

liLneinileonaldasst s uEniitn:h[keNit:/m[k2N] /m]

point loaPduFnktlast F unit: [kN/Emin2]heit: [kN]

F

s

_ s = s*b [kN/m] = [kN/m2] * [m]

F = s*l [kN] = [kN/m] * [m]

LTw?onhceigcoUiehnnmvelhleazLrasumtiu_nattoeashrieernemehnalisaulenlaollnemttsaiegprtditnlthFys,sdlose?metfoncwru1htliBl,litaetnhwirpennewelglliiaoiztndesdaietethedber_srtdb.s

_ F = s*b*l [kN] = [kN/m2] * [m] * [m]

TUomcoanuvseret ainreear Flola?dchsetonlpaositn_st load F, waemneinudnellteeipPenldguiztnthioek1rtmtl.aumslttaipFnly_zssumweiitrthhdatehlrteeBnwr,ieditthebb und der L?nge ll.

TwmUemoeiumnuclnteloitpeainpPleuyvlduisezsnrtietoewklirtininttlaheemsrleltaoLnFanigndtzsihesumn1teol.aitrpshdotaeisnlrttelno,ad F L?nge l.

F4

Structural Design I

Types of Loads

Safety Factors

p. 2 / 2

The loads are divided into self weight (dead / constant load) and live load (changing load). The self-weight (roof structure) can be accurately defined, the live load (snow, wind etc.) are complicated to determine. This is the reason for different safety factors to be used:

Safety Factor Dead Load Safety Factor Live Load

G = 1.35 Q = 1.50

We differentiate between characteristic force value (index K), which has not been multiplied with safety factor and design force value (index d), which is calculated taking safety factors into account:

Dead Load

Live Load

Point Load Gd = Gk G Qd = Qk Q

Line Load gd = gk G qd = qk Q

Area Load gd = gk G qd = qk Q

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