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TOSSUPS1. These compositions are the best-known work of Jacobus Barbireau. A Michael Haydn work of this type is notable for lacking its standard third section, and an ironically named “Petite” one of these works by Gioachino Rossini is actually 14 movements long. A piece of this type based entirely on prolation canons was composed by Johannes (*) Ockeghem. One of these pieces “in time of war” and another often named for Horatio Nelson were written by Joseph Haydn, and Franz Schubert composed a “German” piece of this type. Palestrina wrote one of these pieces which may have convinced the Catholic Church to not ban polyphony. J.S. Bach’s most famous piece in B minor is, for 10 points, what type of work which sets Catholic liturgy to music?ANSWER: masses <Sivakumar>2. In this play, when one character straightens her hair, another character believes that she is “mutilating” it. That character is courted by both the dull George Murchison and a man who influences her decision to move to Nigeria to practice medicine. In this play, Willy Harris steals the money he told his friend they would invest in a (*) liquor store. The central family of this play is offered a buyout by Karl Lindner after Lena uses a $10,000 life insurance payment to buy a house in a white neighborhood, leading to disagreement between her children Walter and Beneatha. For 10 points, name this play by Lorraine Hansberry about a black family living in Chicago whose title is taken from “Harlem” by Langston Hughes. ANSWER: A Raisin in the Sun <Tummarakota>3. Antonio da Madalena was one of the first European visitors to this site, which was popularized in the West by the French explorer Henri Mouhot. After the empire that built this structure was sacked, it was replaced by the Bayon temple. This complex is unusually oriented east to west, suggesting that it may have been built for a king’s funeral. This structure, which contains several (*) devatas, was built to resemble the home of the gods, Mount Meru. It was dedicated to Vishnu and was built by Suryavarman II. This complex, the most prominent example of Khmer classical architecture, appears on its country’s national flag. For 10 points, name this Hindu temple complex in Cambodia.ANSWER: Angkor Wat <Sivakumar> 4. A device named SHRIMP performs this technique using a geometry named for Matsuda consisting of quadrupole lenses and an 72.5° magnetic sector. One variant of this technique uses a Penning trap and then performs a Fourier transform to obtain the final data, and sinapinic acid is often used as a matrix material in another variant of this technique that uses a (*) laser to fragment molecules. A ketone group may undergo beta cleavage in the McLafferty rearrangement in this technique, whose “tandem” version is used to sequence proteins. The M+2 peak is one-third as high as the M peak when this technique is applied to chlorine-containing compounds. The base peak is the highest peak in the spectrum obtained from this technique. The m-to-z ratio is commonly used in reporting data from, for 10 points, what technique that gives information relating charge to its namesake property?ANSWER: Mass spectrometry (or mass spectroscopy)5. In one story, this figure avoids death by convincing Death to save him with a barrel of flour, and then pushes Death’s head into the barrel of flour while this figure escapes. This figure is partly named after the day his soul first appeared, a Wednesday, and is eventually drowned by a group of fishermen when he is old and blind as punishment for his rudeness. In another story, this figure drops a pot from a (*) tree after his son Ntikuma, proves to be wiser than him, thus releasing all wisdom. He also traps and trades the animals Onini, Mmoboro, and Osebo to his father Nyame in exchange for all the stories in the world. For ten points, name this West African trickster god who takes the form of a spider.ANSWER: Kwaku Anansi or Kweku Anansi <Orlov>6. One country was given a 24-day period to respond to access requests in this treaty, and an eight-member Joint Commission would be set up if those requests were denied. This agreement required the implementation of the Additional Protocol, and it virtually ended projects carried out by a certain country at Natanz and (*) Fordow. Bob Corker, who vehemently opposed this deal, was falsely claimed to have “caused” it in an October 8 tweet. In 2017, Theresa May, Emmanuel Macron, and Angela Merkel released a joint statement supporting this agreement after US president Donald Trump announced that he would no longer certify it. For 10 points, name this 2015 agreement known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, reached with a country ruled from Tehran.ANSWER: the nuclear deal with Iran (accept clear-knowledge equivalents; accept Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action or JCPOA before mention) <Sivakumar>7. A man in this work is shot in the spine after being mistaken for a chicken thief, which causes Meme (may-may) to stop speaking. This work chronicles the real-life War of the Thousand Days, which is ended by the Treaty of Neerlandia. Only two characters in this novel believe that a train station massacre of plantation workers was covered up. (*) Pietro Crespi commits suicide in this novel after failing to marry both Rebeca and her sister Amaranta. In this novel, crafting gold fishes becomes a way to pass the time for Colonel Aureliano Buendia, who has 17 illegitimate children of the same name. For 10 points, name this novel about the Buendia family by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. ANSWER: One Hundred Years of Solitude (accept Cien a?os de soledad) <Kodama>8. Alfred Potier corrected a calculation made after this experiment that was too large by a factor of two. A variant of this experiment run by Gale and Pearson measured the Sagnac effect, and Hammar conducted a follow-up to this experiment that disproved the drag hypothesis. A self-orienting parallel-plate capacitor and an apparatus with a shortened arm were used in two follow-up experiments based on this experiment; those two experiments are the (*) Trouton-Noble and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments. FitzGerald and Lorentz formulated an explanation for the null result of zero fringe shift observed by this experiment. This experiment utilized equipment such as a half-silvered mirror, a stone slab in a pool of mercury, and a namesake interferometer. For 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous experiment conducted at Case Western Reserve University that disproved the existence of a luminiferous ether.ANSWER: Michelson-Morley experiment <Hao>9. In one work, this thinker criticized Ernest Renan for portraying Jesus as a genius. In another work, he compared the work of Kant to Tartuffe. In another work, this thinker asked if Kant or Stendhal was correct about the title concept. Another work by this thinker advocates for an embrace of one’s fate, which he termed “amor fati.” This thinker’s autobiography contained self-laudatory sections such as (*) “Why I Write Such Good Books” and was titled Ecce Homo. In addition to The Gay Science, this thinker wrote a novel about the travels of a Persian prophet. For ten points, name this author of the novel Thus Spake Zarathustra and who extolled ideas such as of ubermensch and the will to power in books like Beyond Good and Evil and The Birth of Tragedy.ANSWER: Friedrich Nietzsche <McLain>10. During this man’s presidency, Juanita Kreps became the first female Secretary of Commerce. This man became governor of his home state after defeating Republican Hal Suit, having won a primary against Carl Sanders. He was elected as president even after claiming in a Playboy interview that he had “committed adultery in [his] heart”. This politician created the Department of (*) Energy and the Department of Education, returned the Panama Canal to Panama, and signed SALT II with Leonid Brezhnev. This man, who ran on a ticket with Walter Mondale, defeated Gerald Ford in the 1976 presidential election. For 10 points, name this one-time Georgia peanut farmer and 39th US president.ANSWER: James Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. <Sivakumar> 11. Near the beginning of this work, its heroine describes her discovery that a man who called himself Tantris had killed her fiancée Morold. The second act of this opera includes a love duet which is interrupted by the cries of the servant Kurwenal, and the courtier Melot is killed in its third act. This opera opens with a young sailor singing about a “wild Irish maid”. Brangane causes the central event of this work by swapping a bottle of (*) poison. In its opening phrase, the music for this opera uses a F - B - D-sharp - G-sharp chord which is now named for it. One protagonist in this work is promised to King Marke but becomes infatuated with a man who Marke later kills. For 10 points, name this Richard Wagner opera about two lovers brought together by a magic potion.ANSWER: Tristan und Isolde <Sivakumar>12. After Mike Hoare attempted a coup against France-Albert Rene, this leader sent his country’s navy to Seychelles in Operation Flowers are Blooming. This man’s government passed the controversial Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act after his country’s Supreme Court ruled in favor of a divorced woman in the Shah Bano case. This man signed an agreement with J.R. Jayewardene which failed to stop a neighboring country’s civil war and removed (*) Sikh activists from the Golden Temple in Operation Black Thunder. This prime minister’s associate Octavio Quattrocchi allegedly funneled money to him from the Swedish arms company Bofors. He was assassinated by a female suicide bomber associated with the Tamil Tigers who wore explosives on her belt. For 10 points, name this former prime minister of India and son of Indira Gandhi.ANSWER: Rajiv Gandhi (prompt on “Gandhi”) <Sivakumar>13. This language was the first to introduce the BCPL single-line style of commenting. Other new features this language created included virtual functions and operator overloading which allowed the user to determine the effect of an operator in user-defined classes. Templates of this language let the user implement function parameters with generic types. The second edition of this language created namespaces, the most common of which is the (*) standard namespace. This programming language is also home to the standard library and the input and output operators, cin (pronounced SEE-in) and cout (pronounced SEE-out). Bjarne Stroustrup invented this language during his time at AT&T Bell Labs. For 10 points, name this programming language whose name suggests that it is an improvement on its predecessor, “C”. ANSWER: C++ (Do not accept or prompt on “C” or “C With Classes”) <Tummarakota>14. One work set in this place uses the slang term “Canada” to mean “wealth” and is named We Were In [this place]; one of its authors wrote about characters who run to a loading ramp to collect food. A book which begins with the exclamation “No!” describes the narrator’s reasons to not have a son, based on time spent in this place. Another character in this place has an affair with the novelist Stingo before committing suicide with her schizophrenic lover Nathan Landau. This location, which inspired (*) Kaddish for an Unborn Child, is the setting of a novella in Moshe the Beadle’s warnings are ignored and the protagonist resents caring for his father. Sophie is forced to choose between her two children here in a William Styron novel, where Elie Wiesel described losing his faith in God. For 10 points, name this setting of Night, an infamous concentration camp. ANSWER: Auschwitz [prompt on concentration camp] <Carlson> Note: the first sentence’s clue is about This Way to the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen 15. [Note: artist and type of artwork needed] One of these works includes a self-portrait of the artist with bound hair at the lower right. A work of this type by this artist depicts two women holding an oak branch and reins while a third woman with two faces looks in a mirror. These works include The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple and The Mass at Bolsena. Several of these paintings attributed to this artist in the Palace of the (*) Vatican were actually completed by his student Giulio Romano. The most famous of these works was painted in a room that also contains The Cardinal Virtues, The Parnassus, and La Disputa. For 10 points, name these wall paintings by a certain artist which include School of Athens.ANSWER: Frescoes by Raphael <Sivakumar>16. This man’s first words are an order to an officer to “look to that young lady. Help the gentleman to take her out” because she is about to faint. Later, he asks that woman “Before I go, may I kiss her” and tells her “a life you love.” Earlier, he pleaded that woman to “hold me in your mind, at some quiet times, as ardent and sincere.” Before the climax of the novel, this man walks the entire night repeating “I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord” to himself. This man’s boss is referred to as “the lion” to this man’s (*) “jackal.” For 10 points, name this man who looks like Charles Darnay, loves Lucie Manette, and states “It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done,” as he goes to the guillotine, a protagonist of A Tale of Two Cities. ANSWER Sydney Carton [accept either underlined answer] <Carpenter>17. This mountain range contains a church which can only be accessed by boat or by hiking. The Maloja Pass separates two subranges of this mountain range, one of which is drained by the Inn and Adda rivers. The Bernina Range is a smaller part of these mountains, which border the Aosta Valley. In 2016, the cities of Bodio and Erstfeld in this range were connected by the world’s longest railway (*) tunnel. The Brenner Pass is located in this range, as is the state of Tirol. The massif of Monte Rosa in this mountain range includes a main summit called Dufourspitze. This range, the source of the Rhone and Rhine rivers, includes peaks like Jungfrau, the Matterhorn, and Mont Blanc. For 10 points, name this largest and highest mountain range in Europe.ANSWER: Alps <Sivakumar>18. This religion posits that two triangles can serve as a model for improving interpersonal communication, the KRC and the ARC. People in this religion can advance from a Pre-Clear or Clear state to Operating Thetan, meaning a soul that is independent from body. Adherents may also improve through a technique that involves e-meters, (*) auditing. This religion believes that volcanoes contained hydrogen bombs which caused thetans to stick together -- the alien supreme ruler Xenu set off these hydrogen bombs. Its founder started the Dianetics movement in the 1950s, and one modern-day follower is Tom Cruise. For 10 points, name this religion, which many call a cult, founded by L. Ron Hubbard. ANSWER: Church of Scientology <Mathew>19. One ruler from this country married his daughter Sophia to Vasili I, with whom he would later engage in a two-year war. One of the most important royal positions in this country was the Duchy of Trakai. Tokhtamysh and a leader from this country were defeated at the Battle of the Vorskla River. A commonwealth between this country and its southern neighbor was established by the (*) Lublin Union. Two military commanders from this country won the Battle of Grunwald against the Teutonic Knights. This country’s national hero Vytautas the Great ended a civil war involving Bishop Jogaila, who would later marry Queen Jadwiga and rule Poland as W?adys?aw II. For 10 points, name this country whose modern capital is Vilnius.ANSWER: Lithuania <Sivakumar> 20. One of these entities characteristically causes startle myoclonus. Two diseases caused by these entities can be distinguished by the Pulvinar sign on FLAIR sequence. One type of these entities, HET-S, is found in Podospora, while URE3 and PSI+ are types of these agents found in S. cerevisiae. Conversion from the “C” isoform to an “Sc” isoform of (*) PrP creates these agents. One disease caused by these agents causes elevated levels of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid. Stanley Prusiner won the Nobel Prize for researching these entities that cause fatal familial insomnia, scrapie in sheep, and kuru among the cannibalistic Fore people. For 10 points, name these infectious and misfolded proteins that cause diseases such as Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and mad cow.ANSWER: prions <Hao>BONUSES1. This group was responsible for the deaths of Charlie Dean and Neil Sharman. For 10 points each:[10] Name this communist political movement led by Kaysone Phomvihane and Prince Souphanouvong which took over a certain Southeast Asian country.ANSWER: Pathet Lao[10] This neighboring country created Group 959 to supply the Pathet Lao. This country, led by Ho Chi Minh until his death, was one of two states created by the 1954 Geneva Conference.ANSWER: North Vietnam (do not accept “Vietnam”)[10] The Geneva Conference was preceded by this battle in the First Indochina War, in which the Viet Minh led by V? Nguyên Giáp defeated the French Far East Expeditionary Corps.ANSWER: Dien Bien Phu <Sivakumar>2. On the original cover of this book, a man is covered in over 300 other people. For 10 points each:[10] Name this political treatise that states that life in nature is “nasty, brutish, and short” and argues that sleep is an equalizer since the weak may kill a strong man while he slumbers.ANSWER: Leviathan: or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil[10] The final section of Leviathan is named “Of (this place),” which despite its name did not refer to Hell, but instead to referred ignorance. ANSWER: Kingdom of Darkness[10] Hobbes also wrote this Latin work about the natural human condition. It was also his first work to use the phrase “war of all, against all.”ANSWER: De Cive <McLain>3. Specific types of these algorithms include bubble and heap. For 10 points each:[10] Name these algorithms, which put the elements in an array in order.ANSWER: sorting[10] Tony Hoare developed this divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm in 1959. This algorithm recursively chooses a pivot in an array and partitions it to arrange the array in order.ANSWER: quicksort[10] In the worst-case scenario, quicksort has this runtime. Selection sort always has this runtime, no matter what the list is.ANSWER: O(n2) (“O n squared” or similar answers) <Hao>4. Answer some questions about the 1850s British magazine Household Words. For 10 points each:[10] The magazine’s title comes from the line “Familiar in his mouth as household words” in this Shakespeare play. In a more famous scene from this play, the titular king exclaims “Once more unto the breach, my friends!” before taking Harfleur.ANSWER: Henry V[10] This man edited Household Words for its nine years of existence, but is better known for novels like Oliver Twist and Great Expectations.ANSWER: Charles Dickens[10] Mary Smith narrates this Elizabeth Gaskell novel, which was serialized in Household Words. In this novel, Miss Matty Jenkyns loses all her money after a bank shutters and is forced to sell tea for a living.ANSWER: Cranford <Sivakumar>5. In one myth, this god chains Proteus in his sleep. For 10 points each:[10] Name this deity of bee-keeping and cheese-making as well as other common pastoral activities.ANSWER: Aristaeus or Aristaios[10] This figure fathered Aristaeus with the god Apollo. Apollo eventually took her to Libya, where she founded a namesake city.ANSWER: Cyrene or Kyrene[10] Aristaeus later pursued this figure, another child of Apollo. As she ran away, she stepped on a viper and died instantly, causing her husband, Orpheus, to follow her into the Underworld. ANSWER: Eurydice <Velagapudi>6. In this novel, a man wins many "spiritual victories" even while he is being humiliated and frets over drawing a perfect circle to sign a confession. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Lu Xun novel about the "adventures" of a peasant, who eventually gets executed.ANSWER: The True Story of Ah Q[10] Lu Xun is a novelist from this Asian country. Other authors from this country include Ba Jin and Mo Yan.ANSWER: China[10] A Chinese form of poetry called jueju consists of this many five or seven-syllable lines. China is also considered to have this many “Great Classics,” one of which is Journey to the West.ANSWER: four <Hao>7. Water, ethanol, and hydrogen fluoride are all notable exceptions to this rule. A common application of this role is to calculate the enthalpy of vaporization for a liquid with known boiling point. For 10 points each:[10] Name this rule which states that a certain quantity for the boiling of a liquid is almost always between 85 and 88 Joules per Kelvin per Mole.ANSWER: Trouton's Rule[10] That aforementioned quantity is the this of vaporization. This quantity is equal to 0 in a perfect crystal, and this quantity will increase over time for an isolated system by the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.ANSWER: entropy[10] This man, who first formulated the idea of entropy, referred to it as the “transformation content.” He also attached his own name to a now-obsolete unit of entropy.ANSWER: Rudolf Clausius <Hao>8. This painting depicts a nude model and the artist’s patron Alfred Bruyas. For 10 points each:[10]Name this painting by Gustave Courbet showing himself working on a landscape.ANSWER:The Painter’s Studio (or The Artist’s Studio; prompt on descriptions) [10]After Courbet’s The Painter’s Studio was rejected from the Exposition Universeille, he created this temporary exhibition to display it. One of the 40 paintings shown at this gallery was Courbet’s Burial at Ornans.ANSWER:The Pavilion of Realism[10]In another painting of an artist’s studio, Vermeer’s The Art of Painting, the woman to the left of the artist is dressed in this color. This color also names the period during which Picasso painted The Old Guitarist.ANSWER:Blue <Sivakumar>9. This economist once posited that government spending had little impact on consumer choices in his namesake equivalence. For 10 points each:[10] Name this economist that described comparative advantage in his On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation.ANSWER: David Ricardo[10] Two answers required. In that work, Ricardo used these two products as an example of comparative advantage, showing that both countries involved were better off through specialization.ANSWER: Portuguese wine and English cloth (accept in either order)[10] Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage is built upon in this model, which states that regions will utilize the abundant and cheap resources they have available for export, and import the things they are scarce in.ANSWER: Hechsher-Ohlin model <McLain>10. Answer some questions about the Inca emperor Atahualpa. For 10 points each:[10] After the death of his father Huayna Capac, Atahualpa fought this brother for control of the Inca Empire. He was defeated and imprisoned after losses at Chimborazo and Quipaipan.ANSWER: Huáscar[10] By 1533, things weren’t going so well for Atahualpa. After his capture by this conquistador, Atahualpa offered several rooms’ worth of gold and silver to save his life, but this man killed him anyway.ANSWER: Francisco Pizarro[10] This right-hand man of Pizarro was given a large share of Atahualpa’s gold and silver. He later became the first European to explore what is now Chile.ANSWER: Diego de Almagro <Sivakumar>11. This author described the life of Jacob Flanders from the perspectives of women in her novel Jacob’s Room. For 10 points each:[10] Name this female British writer whose works include To the Lighthouse and A Room of One’s Own.ANSWER: Virginia Woolf[10] This shell-shocked World War I veteran is one of the two main narrators of Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway. He eventually commits suicide by jumping out a window.ANSWER: Septimus Smith[10] This Woolf novel consists entirely of soliloquies spoken by six different characters, who describe their collective hero Percival.ANSWER: The Waves <Sivakumar>12. The only battle fought during this rebellion was the Battle of Olumpali. For 10 points each:[10] Name this insurrection, which for 25 days occupied the Sonoma Barracks and Sutter’s Fort. ANSWER: Bear Flag Revolt[10] This man issued a proclamation after the capture of Sonoma in June 1846. He was elected commander of the California Republic a few days later, thus becoming the first Mormon head of state. ANSWER: William B. Ide[10] John C. Fremont, who ordered the capture of Sonoma, later lost the 1856 presidential election to this predecessor of Abraham Lincoln.ANSWER: James Buchanan <Sivakumar>13. This man believed a performance of his multi-media work Mysterium would cause Armageddon. For 10 points each:[10] For 10 points, name this synesthetic Russian composer of the “Black Mass” Sonata.ANSWER: Alexander Scriabin[10] This Scriabin work included a part for a specially designed “color organ” which projected colors onto a screen. It opens with the notes A, D-sharp, G, C-sharp, F-sharp, and B, now known as the “mystic chord.”ANSWER: Prometheus: The Poem of Fire[10] Scriabin’s final symphony, “The Divine Poem,” is of this number. Another symphony of this number is Beethoven’s Eroica.ANSWER: 3 (or third symphony) <Sivakumar>14. Wien's law sets this quantity as inversely proportional to temperature for blackbody radiation. For 10 points each:[10] Name this quantity, which is equal to about 400 to 700 nanometers for visible light.ANSWER: wavelength[10] De Broglie’s wavelength can be expressed as this quantity over momentum. This quantity is also equal to two times the elementary charge divided by the Josephson constant.ANSWER: Planck’s constant (prompt on “h”)[10] If the energy level a is less than the energy level b, then the Rydberg formula sets the inverse of wavelength proportional to this two-term expression of a and b.ANSWER: the difference of the reciprocals of their squares or one over a squared minus one over b squared (1/a2-1/b2) <Hao>15. Two answers required. These two gods created the Earth by stirring the ocean with a spear. For 10 points each,[10] Name both of these creator gods in the Shinto faith. They are considered brother and sister, as well as husband and wife. ANSWER: Izanagi and Izanami (either order acceptable)[10] Izanagi saw Izanami for the last time in this place, where she was covered with maggots. Name this Shinto underworld.ANSWER: Yomi or Yomi-no-kuni[10] Practitioners worship at Shinto shrines which usually contain these structures at or near the entrance. These gates are often red and black. ANSWER: torii <Mathew>16. Coats' disease is often diagnosed in this structure, and Miller glial cells are found in this structure. For 10 points each:[10] Name this structure, which is separated from the sclera by the choroid.ANSWER: retina[10] A “cherry red spot” develops in the retina in this disease, which is notoriously common in Ashkenazi Jews.ANSWER: Tay-Sachs disease[10] Among other structures, the retina, fovea, macula, and optic disk make up this area in the back of the eye, opposite the lens. This area also names a type of photography used to capture sections of the eye.ANSWER: fundus <Hao>17. This battle began when Russian commander Peter Wittgenstein attacked Napoleon’s right wing near Leipzig. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1813 battle which halted the advance of the Sixth Coalition.ANSWER: Battle of Lützen [10] Gerhard von Blucher, who commanded Prussian troops at Lützen, combined with the Duke of Wellington to defeat Napoleon at this battle two years later.ANSWER: Battle of Waterloo[10] This field marshal was chosen to command the Russian forces at the start of Napoleon’s invasion. He instituted a highly effective scorched-earth policy but was replaced by Mikhail Kutuzov after the Battle of Smolensk.ANSWER: Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly <Sivakumar>18. The central location of this novel was built on ground wrongfully seized from Matthew Maule. For 10 points each:[10] Name this novel in which Holgrave is revealed as Maule’s descendant, centering on the Pyncheon family.ANSWER: The House of the Seven Gables[10] This American writer of “The Minister’s Black Veil” and The Scarlet Letter wrote The House of the Seven Gables.ANSWER: Nathaniel Hawthorne[10] Stories like “Young Goodman Brown” and “Rappaccini’s Daughter” appear in this collection, named for a house where Hawthorne lived.ANSWER: Mosses from an Old Manse <Sivakumar>19. This structure is made of 17 vertically stacked rhomboids, with a half-rhomboid at the top symbolizing the infinite. For 10 points each:[10] Name this structure, which along with The Table of Silence and The Gate of the Kiss makes up a certain World War I memorial.ANSWER: Endless Column[10] The Endless Column was designed for the Targu Jiu memorial by this Romanian sculptor, better known for his series Bird in Space.ANSWER: Constantin Brancu?i[10] This Luxembourg-born American bought and shipped the Bird in Space series to the US. This photographer of The Pond - Moonlight also curated the famous “Family of Man” exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art.ANSWER: Edward Steichen <Sivakumar>20. Answer some questions about Magic: The Gathering. For 10 points each:[10] This company first published Magic: The Gathering in 1993. It also created the game Axis & Allies and produced the MLB and NBA Showdown trading card games. Up to 2003, it also had publishing rights to the Pokémon TCG.ANSWER: Wizards of the Coast[10] In Magic, tapping lands is the main method that is used to produce this material. In Hearthstone, the player gains an additional crystal of this type for each of the first 10 turns played.ANSWER: Mana[10] With a price often exceeding $10,000, this mana artifact appeared in the first Magic: The Gathering set and is widely known in the community as the most valuable Magic card in existence.ANSWER: Black Lotus <Orlov> ................
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