Name________________________________________________



Name________________________________________________ Date_________Hour_______

Chapter 5 Notes Sociology

Socializing the Individual

(social structure -

(status -

(role -

►Statuses

|Ascribed (assigned according to standards) |Achieved (acquired based on skill) |

|Your age |High School Teacher |

|Your sex (male/female) |Bank Robber |

|Your race |Olympic Gymnast |

|Where you were born |NFL Player |

(Master Status – plays the greatest role in ____________ a ___________ _______ and determining their ______________.

Fill in the following table with statuses YOU have:

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

Which were ascribed? Which were achieved?

What do you consider to be your master status? _______________________________________

►Roles

(Reciprocal Roles – corresponding roles that ___________ the patterns of _________________ between related statuses

Ex. To be a husband, you need a spouse. Ex. Friend - Friend

Ex. Doctor – Patient Ex. Employee - Employer

Ex. Athlete – Coach Ex. Leader – Follower

(Role Expectation – ______________ determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role

Ex. Parents are expected to provide emotional/physical security for their children.

Ex. Police officers are expected to uphold the law.

Ex. Doctors are expected to have skills to care for patients.

(Role __________________ - the actual role behavior

(Does not always match the expectations of society

Ex. Some people mistreat children; some doctors do not provide the best possible care

(Role Conflict and Role Strain

(_______ _____ – the different roles attached to a single status

(_______ __________ – happens when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the expectations of another status

Ex. It is hard to be a great students and a great employee.

(_______ _________ – when a person has difficulty meeting the _____________________ of a single status

►Social Institutions – a ____________ of statuses, roles, values and norms that is _________________ to satisfy one or more of the basic needs of society

(The Structure of Groups and Societies

(group -

|Two or more people |Interaction |

|Shared expectations |Common identity |

(Characteristics of a group:

(aggregate –

(social category –

(Size Matters:

|Dyad - members |

|Triad - members |

|Small Group – 15 or less |

(Types of Groups

(primary group –

Ex. Family relationships

(secondary group –

Ex. Employee

(reference groups – any group with whom individuals identify with and whose attitudes and values they adopt

(Groups can have __________________ and __________________ effects.

(________________ – the group a person belongs to and identifies with

(members separate themselves from others with symbols

(members view themselves in terms of positive images

(members compete with outgroups

(________________ – any group that the person does not belong to or identify with

(Types of Societies

(Gemeinschaft –

(Gesselschaft –

(Types of Social Interaction

(reciprocity – the idea that if you do someone for someone, they owe you something in return

(competition – when two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain

(conflict – the deliberate attempt to control by force, oppose, hard or resist the will of another

(cooperation – when two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit many people

(accommodation – state of ______________ between conflict and cooperation

(The Structure of Formal Organizations

(______________ organization – a ___________, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals

Ex. Schools, businesses, government agencies, youth groups, labor unions

(bureaucracy– a ranked authority structure that operates according to _____________ ________

*__________ believed that bureaucracies arise in industrial societies because of an increasing tendency toward rationalization

(rationalization– refers to the process by which every feature of human behavior is subject to calculation, measurement and ______________

Weber’s Model of Bureaucracies

|a division of labor |Work is divided among specialists |

|A ranking of authority |Clear-cut lines of responsibility with supervisors |

|Employment based on formal qualification |Hired on basis of tests, education, experience |

|Rules and regulations |Objective rules that specify responsibilities |

|Specific lines of promotion |Tenure/seniority |

QUESTIONS

1. What are the two major components of social structure and how do they affect human interaction?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is a group, and what features are used to distinguish among groups?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What types of societies exist in the world today?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What are the five most common types of social interaction?

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5. What is a bureaucracy and how does it function?

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