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Shenandoah Valley Bibliography

Updated October 2008

1958, Mineral Resources and Mineral Industries Map of West Virginia, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: MAP-17, 1:500,000.

1986, West Virginia Gazetteer of Physical and Cultural Place Names, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: V-24, 809 p, 6 f, 3 maps.

Aleinikoff, J.N., Tollo, R.P., Yacob, E.Y. and Fanning, C.M., 2005, SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Grenville gneisses and granitoids, Shenandoah National Park region, northern Virginia: Geological Society of America, v.37, no.1, 9 p.

Allen, R.M., Jr., 1967, Geology and mineral resources of Page County: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 81, 78 p.

Applebee, G.M. and Nusbaum, R.L., 2005, Biotite composition from felsic igneous rocks; Shenandoah igneous province: Geological Society of America, v.37, no.7, 300 p.

Bartholomew, M.J., 1977, Geology of the Greenfield and Sherando quadrangles, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 4, 43 p.

Bender, M.L., and Downey, D.M., 2008, "RESPONSE OF AQUATIC CHEMISTRY IN AN ACID SENSITIVE TROUT STREAM FROM AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES," Proceedings of the 22nd National Conference on Undergraduate Research, accepted for publication in UNCA, Asheville, NC, August, 2008, CD-ROM

Bennett, K.H., and Downey, D.M., 1994, "Aluminum Response in Acid Mitigation" in Proceedings of 8th National Conference on Undergraduate Research, Vol. III, UNCA, Asheville, N.C., August, 1994, pp. 1087-1091.

Bieber, P.P., 1961, Ground-water features of Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, West Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey Bulletin 21, 81 p.

Bieber, P.P., 1961, Ground-Water Features of Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, West Virginia, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey : B-21, 81 p, 2 pl, 7 f, 10 tables.

Blumton, A.K., Fraser, J.D., Young, R.W., Goodbred, S., Porter, S.L. and Luukkonen, D.L., 1990, Pesticide and PCB residues for loggerhead shrikes in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v.45, no.5, p.697-702.

Boughton, C.J., and McCoy, K.J., 2006, Hydrogeology, Aquifer Geochemistry, and Ground-Water Quality in Morgan County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5198, 56 p.

Brent, W.B., 1960, Geology and mineral resources of Rockingham County: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 76, 174 p.

Burbey, T.J., 2003, Water-management model—Frederick County Sanitation Authority: Thomas J. Burbey, PhD, Blacksburg, VA, 11 p., 1 table, 10 figures.

Butler, Eric, 2005, Vistas, visitors, and vegetation; how geology is taking root at Shenandoah National Park: Geologic Society of America, v.37, no.7, 411 p.

Butts, Charles, and Edmundson, R.S., 1966, Geology and mineral resources of Frederick County: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 80, 142 p.

Butts, Charles, and Edmundson, R.S., 1966, Geology and mineral resources of Frederick County: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 80, 142 p.

Cady, R.C., 1938, Ground-water resources of northern Virginia: Virginia Geological Survey, Bulletin 50, 200 p.

Carpenter, D.W., Jung, R.E. and Sites. J.W., Jr., 2001, Conservation genetics of the endangered Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah, Plethodontidae): Animal Conservation, v.4, no.2, p.111-119.

Cederstrom, D.J., 1972, Evaluation of yields of wells in consolidated rocks, Virginia to Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2021, 38 p.

Coiner, L.V., and Wilkes, G.P., 2008, Bedrock Geologic Map of the Augusta Springs Quadrangle, Virginia: Virginia Division of Geology and Mineral Resources Open-File Report 08-01, color 1:24,000-scale map.

Cooper, B.N.and Cooper, G.A., Lower Middle Ordovician stratigraphy of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia: The Geological Society of American Bulletin, v.57, p.35 – 113.

Cosby, B.J., Webb, J.R., Deviney. F.A., Galloway, J.N., Maben, S.W., & Bulger, A.J., 2004, > Are Brook Trout Streams in Western Virginia and Shenandoah National Park Recovering From Acidification? in Environmental Science & Technology. v. 38, no. 15, 6 p, 6 f.

Cosby, B.J., Webb, J.R., Galloway, J.N., and Deviney. F.A., 2006, Acidic Deposition Impacts of Natural Resources in Shenandoah National Park Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR-2006/066

Crocker, J.B., Bank, M.S., Loftin, C.S. and Jung Brown, R.E., 2007, Influence of observers and stream flow on northern two-lined salamander (Eurycea Bislineata Bislineata) relative abundance estimates in Acadia and Shenandoah National Parks: Journal of Herpetology, v.41, no.2, p.325-329.

Dean, S.L., Kulander, B.R. and Lessing, P., 1987, Geology of the Hedgesville, Keedysville, Martinsburg, Shepherdstown, and Williamsport Quadrangles, Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, WV, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: MAP-WV31, 1:24,000.

Dean, S.L., Kulander, B.R. and Lessing, P., 1990, Geology of the Berryville, Charles Town, Harpers Ferry, Middleway, and Round Hill Quadrangles, Jefferson County, WV, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: MAP-WV35, 1:24,000.

Dean, S.L., Lessing, P. and Kulander, B.R., 1994, Geology of the Tablers Station Quadrangle, Berkeley County, WV, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: OF9404, 1:24,000.

Dean, S.L., Lessing, P. and Kulander, B.R., 1994, Geology of the Inwood and Stephenson Quadrangles, Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, WV, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: OF9405, 1:24,000.

Dean, S.L., Lessing, P. and Kulander, B.R., 1994, Geology of the White Hall Quadrangle, Berkeley County, WV, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: OF9406, 1:24,000.

Dennis, T.E., MacAvoy, S.E., Steg, M.B. and Bulger, A.J., 1995, The association of water chemistry variables and fish condition in streams of Shenandoah National Park: Department of Environmental Sciences, v.85, no.2, p.365.

Dennison, J.M., 1961, Stratigraphy of Onesquethaw Stage of Devonian in West Virginia and Bordering States,: B-22, 87 p, 8 pl, 18 f.

Deviney, F.A., Jr., Rice, K.C., and Hornberger, G.M., 2006, Time series and recurrence interval models to predict the vulnerability of streams to episodic acidification in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Water Resources Research, 42, W09405, doi:10.1029/2005WR004740.

Doctor, Daniel H., Weary, David J., Orndorff, Randall C., Harlow, George E., Jr., Kozar, Mark D., Nelms, David L, 2008, Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the northern Great Valley karst, Virginia and West Virginia: in: Yuhr L.B.,Alexander, E.C., Jr., and Beck, B.F., (eds.), Geotechnical Special Publication No. 183, Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, Proceedings of the Eleventh Multidisciplinary Conference, Tallahassee, Florida, September 22-26, 2008, p. 12-22.

Downey, D.M., and Patton, R.D., 1991, "Limestoning of Two Virginia Trout Streams: Results of 18 Months of Study," Collected Abstracts of the 1991 Virginia Water Resources Conference, Virginia Water Resources Research Center, VPI, Blacksburg, VA, April, 1991, pp. 67-70.

Downey, D.M., French, C.R., and Odom, M., 1994, "Low Cost Limestone Treatment of Acid Sensitive Trout Streams in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia," Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 77, 1-29 (1994).

Downey, D.M., Lancaster, E.D., and Stoner, C.L., 1990, "Limestone Treatment of Little Stony and Cedar Creeks," A Report to the George Washington National Forest, Harrisonburg, VA, July, 1990, 68 pages.

Downey, D.M., Wirtz, S.E., Kruer, K.R., and Douglas, S.P., 1999, "Water Chemistry Assessment of Maple Flats Sinkhole Ponds," Banasteria, 13, 53-66, 1999.

Edmundson, R.S., 1939, Contributions to Virgina geology-II "Ridge-making sandstone in Frederick County, Virginia": Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 51, 185 p. **

Edmundson, R.S., 1945, Industrial limestones and dolomites in Virginia; northern and central parts of the Shenandoah Valley: Virginia Geological Survey Bulletin 65, 195 p.

Edmundson, R.S., and Nunan, W.E., 1973, Geology of the Berryville, Stephenson, and Boyce quadrangles, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Report of Investigations 34, 112 p.

El-Farhan, Y.H., DeNovio, N.M., Herman, J.S. and Hornberger, G.M., 2000, Mobilization and transport of soil particles during infiltration experiments in an agricultural field, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia: Department of Environmental Sciences, p.3555 – 3559.

Epstein, J.B., 1993, Structural analysis of divergent folds in the Martinsburg and Oranda Formations Middletown 7.5-minute quadrangle, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-25, 13 p.

Epstein, J.B., Orndorff, R.C., and Rader, E.K., 1995, Middle Ordovician Stickley Run member (new name) of the Martinsburg Formation, Shenandoah Valley, northern Virginia, in Stratigraphic Notes, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2135, p. 1-13.

Evaldi, R.D., and Paybins, K.S., 2006, Base-Flow Yields of Watersheds in the Berkeley County Area, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 216, 4 p., 1 fig.

Evaldi, R.D., and Paybins, K.S., 2006, Channel gains and losses in the Opequon Creek watershed of West Virginia, July 25-28, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 179, 7 p., 1 fig.

Evans, M.A., 1989, The structural geometry and evolution of foreland thrust systems, northern Virginia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, no. 3, p. 339-354.

Fedson, D.S., Harward, M.P., Reid, R.A. and Kaiser, D.L., 1990, Hospital-based pneumococcal immunization. Epidemiologic rationale from the Shenandoah study: The Journal of the American Medical Association, v.264, 1117 p.

Feldman, R.S. and Connor, E.F., 1992, The relationship between pH and community structure of invertebrates in streams of the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Freshwater Biology, v.27, no.2, p.261 – 276.

Felker, KristiClare; Benedict, Meredith L; Eaton, L Scott, 2004, Sedimentology and geomorphology of Blackrock block stream, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, v.36, no.2, 73 p.

Fievet, C.J., Allen, M.L., and Webb, J.R., 2003, Documentation of Landuse and Disturbance History in Fourteen Intensively Studied Watersheds in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: 1920s to Present. 61 p, 30 maps.

French, C.R., Downey, D.M., and Hudy, M., 1992, "The Aluminum Chemistry Behind the Liming of an Acid Sensitive Stream," Collected Abstracts of the 1992 Water Resources Research Conference Virginia Water Resources Research Center, VPI, Blacksburg, VA, April, 1992, pp 72-73.

Friel, E.A., Hobba, W.A., Jr., and Chisholm, J.L., 1975, Records of Wells, Springs, and Streams in the Potomac River Basin, West Virginia, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: BDR-3, 100 p, 3 f, 10 tables.

Gathright, II, T.M., 1976, Geology of the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 86, 93 p.

Gathright, T.M., II, and Frischmann, P.S., 1986, Geology of the Harrisonburg and Bridgewater quadrangles, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 60, 21 p., with color map.

Gathright, T.M., II, and Nystrom, P.G., Jr., 1974, Geology of the Ashby Gap quadrangle, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Report of Investigations 36, 55 p.

Gathright, T.M., II, Henika, W.S., and Sullivan, J.L., III, 1977, Geology of the Waynesboro East and Waynesboro West quadrangles, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 3, 53 p. ** Download the text (13.8 MB)

Gathright, T.M., II, Henika, W.S., and Sullivan, J.L., III, 1978, Geology of the Grottoes quadrangle, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 10, geologic map with map text, one sheet.

Gathright, T.M., II, Henika, W.S., and Sullivan, J.L., III, 1978, Geology of the Mount Sidney quadrangle, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 11, geologic map with map text, one sheet.

Gathright, T.M., II, Henika, W.S., and Sullivan, J.L., III, 1978, Geology of the Fort Defiance quadrangle, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 12, geologic map with map text, one sheet.

Gathright, T.M., II, Henika, W.S., and Sullivan, J.L., III, 1978, Geology of the Crimora quadrangle, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 13, geologic map with map text, one sheet.

Good, R.S., and Allen, G.C., 1972, Geochemical reconnaissance for zinc, lead, and copper in the Staunton quadrangle, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Report of Investigations 31, 47 p.

Gozdziak, E.M. and Bump, M.N., 2004, Poultry, apples, and new immigrants in the rural communities of the Shenandoah Valley: An Ethnographic Case Study International Migration, v.42, no.1, p.149- 164.

Grant, E.H.C., Jung, R.E., and Rice, K.C., 2005, Stream salamander species richness and abundance in relation to environmental factors in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: American Midland Naturalist, v.153, p.348-356.

Grimsley, G.P., 1916, Jefferson, Berkeley, and Morgan Counties, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: CGR-10, 644 p, 37 pl, 20 f.

Hall, C.N. and Kuss, F.R., 1989, Vegetation alteration along trails in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Biological Conservation, v.48, no.3, 211 p.

Harlow, G.E., Jr., Orndorff, R.C., Nelms, D.L., Weary, D.J., and Moberg, R.M., 2005, Hydrogeology and ground-water availability in the carbonate aquifer system of Frederick County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report SIR 2005-5161, 30 p.

Harlow, G.E., Jr., Orndorff, R.C., Nelms, D.L., Weary, D.J., and Moberg, R.M., 2005, Hydrogeology and ground-water availability in the carbonate aquifer system of Frederick County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5161, 30 p.

Harlow, George E., Jr., 2001, Appraisal of the Northern Shenandoah Valley Carbonate Aquifer System, Frederick County, Virginia [PDF file 3.2 MB], Source Water Protection in Karst: Delineation, Policy, and Management Workshop, Lord Fairfax Community College, Middletown, Va.

Harlow, George E., Jr., Nelms, David L., Yager, Richard M., Kozar, Mark D., Sanford, Ward E., and Moberg, Roger M., 2008, Estimating recharge to heterogeneous fractured-rock and karst aquifer systems in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, [abs.] in Kuniansky, Eve L., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Bowling Green, Kentucky, May 27-29, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5023, p. 50. [PDF file-79 KB]

Harlow, George E., Jr., Nelms, David L., Yager, Richard M., Kozar, Mark D., Sanford, Ward E., and Moberg, Roger M., 2008, Estimating recharge to heterogeneous fractured-rock and karst aquifer systems in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, [PDF file 3.2 MB], U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Workshop, May 27-29, 2008, Bowling Green, Kentucky.

Harris, A.G., Stamm, N.R., Weary, D.J., Repetski, J.E., Stamm, R.G., and Parker, R.A., 1994, Conodont color alteration index (CAI) map and conodont-based age determination for the Winchester 30’ X 60’ quadrangle and adjacent areas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF2239, scale 1:100,000.

Harris, W.B., 1972, High-silica resources of Clarke, Frederick, Page, Rockingham, Shenandoah, and Warren counties, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Mineral Resources Report 11, 42 p.

Herman, J.S., and Hubbard, D.A., Jr., 1990, eds., Travertine-marl: Stream deposits in Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 101, 184 p.

Hess, J and Pizzuto, J., 2006, Distribution and residence times of large woody debris along South River, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia EOS Transactions: American Geophysical Union, v.87, no.52.

Hinkle, Kenneth R., and Sterrett, R. McChesney, 1976, Rockingham County groundwater present conditions and prospects: Commonwealth of Virginia, State Water Control Board, Bureau of Water Control Management, Planning Bulletin 300, 88 p.

Hinkle, Kenneth R., and Sterrett, R. McChesney, 1977, Shenandoah County groundwater present conditions and prospects: Commonwealth of Virginia, State Water Control Board, Bureau of Water Control Management, Planning Bulletin 306, 67 p.

Hinkle, Kenneth R., and Sterrett, R. McChesney, 1978, Groundwater resources of Augusta County, Virginia: Commonwealth of Virginia, State Water Control Board, Bureau of Water Control Management, Planning Bulletin 310, 119 p.

Hobba, W.A., Friel, E.A. and Chisholm, J.L., 1973, Ground-Water Hydrology of the Potomac River Basin, West Virginia, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey : MAP-33, 1:250,000.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., 1976, Ground-water hydrology of Berkeley County, West Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey Economic Geology Bulletin 13, 21 p.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., 1976, Ground-Water Hydrology of Berkeley County, W. VA, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: EGB-13, 21 p, 8 f, "STOP" format, 1:50,000.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., 1981, Ground-water hydrology of Jefferson County, West Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey Economic Geology Bulletin 16, 21 p.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., 1981, Ground-Water Hydrology of Jefferson County, West Virginia EGB-16, 21 p, 8 f, "STOP" format, 1:50,000.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Chemerys, J.C., Fisher, D.W., and Pearson, F.J., Jr., 1976, Geochemical and hydrologic data for wells and springs in thermal springs areas of the appalachians: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-550, 36 leaves/maps.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Chemerys, J.C., Fisher, D.W., and Pearson, F.J., Jr., 1977, Geochemical and hydrologic data for wells and springs in thermal springs areas of the appalachians: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-25, 36 p.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Fisher, D.W., Pearson, F.J., Jr., and Chemerys, J.C., 1979, Hydrology and geochemistry of thermal springs of the Appalachians: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044-E, 36 p.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Friel, E.A. and Chisholm, J.L., 1972, Water Resources of the Potomac River Basin, West Virginia, RBB-3, 110 p, 48 f, 30 tables, and three 1:250,000 map inserts.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Friel, E.A., and Chisholm, J.L., 1972, Water resources of the Potomac River Basin, West Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey River Basin Bulletin no. 3, 110 p.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Friel, E.A., and Chisholm, J.L., 1973, Ground-water hydrology of the Potomac River basin, West Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey Atlas, 1 sheet.

Hudy, M., Downey, D.M., and Bowman, D.W., 2000, "Successful Restoration of An Acidified Native Brook Trout Stream Through Mitigation with Limestone Sand," North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 20, 453-466, 2000.

Hyer, K.E., Webb, J.R. and Eshleman, K.N., 1995, Episodic acidification of three streams in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v.85, no.2, 523 p.

Johnson, R.W., Milton, Charles, and Dennison, J.M., 1971, Field trip to the igneous rocks of Augusta, Rockingham, Highland, and Bath counties, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Information Circular 16, 68 p.

Jones, W.K., and Dieke, G.H., III, 1981, A hydrogeologic study of the watershed of the National Fisheries Center at Leetown, West Virginia: Consultant hydrologist report prepared for the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 83 p.

King, H.M. and Kirstein, D.S., 1987, Mineral Resources of West Virginia, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: MAP-WV24, 1:500,000.

King, P.B., 1949, The floor of the Shenandoah Valley, American Journal of Science, v.247, p.73-93.

Knitter, K.S., and Downey, D.M., 1998, "Mitigation of Acidity in an Oligotrophic Reservoir and its Feeder Stream," in Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Undergraduate Research, Vol. V, UNCA, Asheville, NC, August, 1998, pp. 1776-1779.

Kozack, S.J., 1970, Geology of the Elliot Knob, Deerfield, Craigsville, and Augusta Springs quadrangles, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Report of Investigations 21, 23 p.

Kozar, M.D., and Mathes, M.V., 2001, Occurrence of Coliform bacteria in a karst aquifer, Berkeley County, West Virginia, USA: Abstract in proceedings of the eighth multidisciplinary conference on sinkholes and the engineering and environmental impacts of karst, Barry F. Beck and J. Gayle Herring, editors, P.E. LaMoreaux & Associates, Inc. Oak Ridge, Tennessee, pp. 217-221.

Kozar, M.D., Hobba, W.A., and Macy, J.A., 1991, Geohydrology, water availability, and water quality of Jefferson County, West Virginia, with emphasis on the carbonate area: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation Report 90-4118, 93 p.

Kozar, M.D., McCoy, K.J., Weary, D.J., Field, M.S., Pierce, H.A., Schill, W.B., and Young, J.A., 2008, Geohydrology and Water Quality of the Leetown Area, West Virginia: U.S. Geological survey Open-file report 2007-1358, 100 p, 133 p. appendices.

Kozar, M.D., Weary, D.J., Paybins, K.S., and Pierce, H.A., 2007, Hydrogeologic setting and ground-water flow in the Leetown Area, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5066, 70 p.

Krstolic, J.L., and Hayes, D.C., 2004, Water-quality synoptic sampling, July 1999: North Fork Shenandoah River, Virginia : U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5153, 82 p.

Krstolic, J.L., Hayes, D.C., and Ruhl, P.M., 2006, Physical Habitat Classification and Instream Flow Modeling to Determine Habitat Availability During Low-Flow Periods, North Fork Shenandoah River, Virginia : U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5025, 63 p.

Kulander, B.R., Lessing, P., Dean, S.L. and Kulander, C.S. 1995, Geology of the Stotlers Crossroads Quadrangle, Berkeley and Morgan Counties, WV, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: OF9504, 1:24,000.

Landes, C.R., and Downey, D.M., 2004, "Biological and Water Chemistry Response of Liming Mountain Run," Proceedings of the 18th National Conference on Undergraduate Research, UNCA, Asheville, NC, August, 2004, CD-ROM.

Lee, T.R. and Hornberger, G.M., 2006, Inferred bimodality in the distribution of soil moisture at Big Meadows, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Geophysical Research Letters, v.33, no.6.

Lessing, P., Dean, S.L., and Kulander, B.R., 1995, Geology of the Glengary Quadrangle, Berkeley and Morgan Counties, WV, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: OF9501, 1:24,000.

Lessing, P., Dean, S.L., Kulander, B.R., and Langenderfer, E.A., 1995, Geology of the Big Pool Quadrangle, Berkeley and Morgan Counties, WV, OF9502, 1:24,000.

Lessing, Peter, Hobba, W.A., Jr., Dean, S.L., and Kulander, B.R., 1991, Relations between warm springs and geology delineated by side-looking airborne-radar imagery in eastern West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4096, p. 44.

Lesure, F.G., Geraci, P.J., Mory, P.C., and Williams, B.B., 1977, Mineral resources of the Ramsey's Draft Wilderness Study Area, Augusta County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1397-C, p. C1-C42, plates in pocket.

Lindsey, B.D., Phillips, S.W., Donnelly, C.A., Speiran, G.K., Plummer, L.N., Bohlke, J.F., Focazio, M.J., Burton, W.C. and Busenberg, Eurybiades, 2003, Residence times and nitrate transport in ground water discharging to streams in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4035, 201 p.

Ludlum, J.C., 1955, Regional Setting and Mineralogic Features of the Howell Zinc Prospect, Jefferson County, W. VA, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey: RI-11, 8 p, 4 f.

Lukert, M.T., III, and Nuckols, E.B., II, with a section on Hydrogeology by R.H. DeKay, 1976, Geology of the Linden and Flint Hill quadrangles, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Report of Investigations 44, 83 p.

Lynch, D.D., and Dise, N.B., 1985, Sensitivity of stream basins in Shenandoah National Park to acid deposition: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4115, 61 p.

Marple, R., Talwaini, P., 2004, Proposed Shenandoah Fault and East Coast-Stafford fault system and their implications for Eastern U.S. tectonics, Southeastern Geology, vol.43, no.2, pp.57-80

Mathes, M.V., 2000, Relation of bacteria in limestone aquifers to septic systems in Berkeley County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4229, 12 p.

McColloch, J.S., 1986, Springs of West Virginia, V-6A, 493 p, 49 maps, 11 f, 5 tables, 62 photos.

McCoy, K.J., and Kozar, M.D., 2007, Use of sinkhole and specific capacity distributions to assess vertical gradients in a karst aquifer: Environmental Geology, DOI 10.1007/s00254-007-0889-1, 15 p.

McCoy, K.J., Podwysocki, M.H., Crider, E.A., and Weary, D. J., 2005, Fracture trace map and single-well aquifer test results in a carbonate aquifer in Berkeley County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1040, 1 Plate.

McCoy, K.J., Podwysocki, M.H., Crider, E.A., and Weary, D. J., 2005, Fracture trace map and single-well aquifer test results in a carbonate aquifer in Jefferson County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1407, 1 Plate.

Mitchell, J.C., Kirk, D.M., and Downey, D.M., 1999, "Introduction to the Symposium on the Natural History of the Big Levels Area: Shenandoah Valley Sinkhole Ponds and St. Mary's River," Banasteria, 13, 5-10, 1999.

Mitchell, R.D., 1972, The Shenandoah Valley Frontier: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v.62, no.3, p.461–486.

Mohn, L.O., Bugas, P.E., Kirk, D.M., and Downey, D.M., 2000, "Mitigating Stream Acidification in a Wilderness Using Limestone Sand," pp. 176-184 in Proceedings of Wild Trout VII: Management in the New Millennium, D. Schill, S. Moore, P. Byorth and B. Hamre, eds., Yellowstone National Park, WY, October, 2000.

Mohn, L.O., Bugas, P.E., Kirk, D.M., and Downey, D.M., 2004, "Long term results of mitigating stream acidification using limestone sand in St. Mary's River, Virginia." Pp. 283-290 In Moore, S. E., R. F. Carline, and J. Dillon, eds. 2004. Proceedings of Wild Trout VIII: Working together to ensure the future of wild trout. 30th anniversary, 2004 September 20-22; Yellowstone National Park, WY. 392 pages.

Nelms, D.L., Harlow, G.E., Jr., and Hayes, D.C., 1997, Base-flow characteristics of streams in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont physiographic provinces of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2457, 48 p.

Orndorff, R.C. and Harlow, G.E., Jr., 2002, FIELD TRIP GUIDE Hydrogeologic framework of the Northern Shenandoah Valley carbonate aquifer system, in Kuniansky, Eve L., ed.: U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, August 20-22, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4174, p. 81-89. [PDF file-667 KB].

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