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GRADE 8 HISTORY

UNIT ONE: CONFEDERATION

STUDENT TEXT

By Emilia Bartolomucci

Drawings by Fran Wachna

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Grade 8 History UNIT ONE: CONFEDERATION

STUDENT TEXT

Page

Table of Contents

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From the Beginning¡­(Timeline: 500-1790)

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And then¡­(Timeline 1790-1867)

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Introduction to Confederation

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Unit expectations

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Comparing Maps: Canada Today and British North America in 1860

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Chapter One: Life in British North America

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Chapter One Overview

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Chapter One: Key Vocabulary

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What was life like in the different colonies of BNA in the 1860s?

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? Atlantic Colonies

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? Central Canada

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? the North and the Prairies

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? the Pacific Coast:

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Social conditions in BNA

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Economic conditions in BNA

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Political conditions in BNA

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Chapter One Summary

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Chapter Two: The Path to Confederation

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Chapter Two Overview and Key Vocabulary

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Why did some people in BNA want Confederation?

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Why were some people in BNA against Confederation?

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What events led to Confederation?

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Canada¡¯s First Constitution: The BNA Act

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Who were some ¡°fathers of Confederation¡±?

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Who did not have a voice in Confederation?

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Chapter Two Summary

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Chapter Three: Building Confederation

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Chapter Three Overview and Key Vocabulary

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How did Canada grow ¡°from sea to sea¡±?

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Comparing Maps: The Changing Face of Canada (1867,1870,1905.1949)

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What are some disagreements in Canada today?

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Chapter Three Summary

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From the Beginning¡­

Aboriginal Peoples

Aboriginal peoples were the first people to live in North

America. There were many different groups or nations.

They spoke different languages and had many different

ways of living. All of them used the gifts of nature in their

environment to survive.

1500

European Exploration

and Settlement

1600

Britain vs. France

1700

Britain vs. America

vs

1800

French and English explorers from Europe came to

North America to claim lands. They met the

Aboriginal people and began to trade with them.

Many fur traders came to trade for fur. Missionaries

came to teach the Aboriginal peoples Christianity.

Then, settlers from Britain and France came to live on

the land. Settlers from France first built homes in

what is now Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and

Quebec. The English came to live in parts of Nova

Scotia and what is now the United States.

Both the French and English wanted the same land and

soon fighting took place. The French and English got

help from different Aboriginal groups. There were many

wars. At the end of the Seven Years War in 1763,

France had to give all its land in North America to Britain.

From this time on, Britain had control of most of North

America.

The British settlers living in the southeastern part of North

America did not like how Britain was treating them. In 1776,

they began a war with Britain for their independence. They

won the war and created a new country called the United

States of America. Britain lost much of its land. The land

they kept was called British North America. The Americans

forced the people who were loyal to Britain to leave. Many

of these English ¡°loyalists¡± moved to British North America

so they could still be part of Britain. There were bad

feelings between the Americans and the English in British

North America

British North America

Britain ruled British North America. When more English

people started arriving, the French people became afraid of

losing their language and way of living. The Aboriginal

peoples were also unhappy about living on special lands set

aside for them. Their way of living also was in danger of

being lost. Many people wanted change.

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And then¡­

1790

1791

Constitution Act creates

Upper Canada & Lower

Canada

1812

War of 1812: U.S. tries to take

British North America

Great migration begins

(1815-1850)

1800

1810

1815

1820

1830

1840

1837

Rebellions in Upper &

Lower Canada

1841

Act of Union creates

United Province of Canada

1846

Britain takes away Corn Laws

1849

United Province of Canada

gets responsible government

1854

Reciprocity Treaty with U.S

1864

1865

1866

The Great Coalition

American Civil War (North vs. South)

Reciprocity Treaty with U.S. ends

Fenians raid BNA

1867

Canada united in Confederation

1850

1860

1870

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