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The Early Middle AgesUnit Notes7.32, Identify the physical location and features of Europe including the Alps, the Ural Mountains, the North European Plain, and the Mediterranean Sea and the influence of the North Atlantic Drift.1. Locate the following on the map of Western Europe and surrounding areas. AlpsUral MountainsNorth European PlainMediterranean SeaAtlantic OceanScandinavian Peninsula2. Influence of the North Atlantic Drift North Atlantic Drift impacts the climate of Europe. The warm ocean current flowing northeast, under the influence of prevailing winds, from the Gulf of Mexico towards NW Europe and effects climate and vegetation. This drift causes Southern Europe is largely and . Whereas most of northwestern Europe has a mild and , climate. 7.33, Describe the development of feudalism and manorialism, its role in the medieval European economy, and the way in which it was influenced by physical geography (the role of the manor and the growth of towns.)1. Feudalism was called the system of promises that governed relationships between and . were the greatest lords of Europe, and all nobles and knights were their vassals.A was a knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land. were vassals of kings and queens. Many were also lords of lower-ranking nobles and knights. Knights served their noble lords in exchange for land.Peasants owned no land, so they were not part of the feudal system. But many peasants worked on land owned by nobles or knights. 2. Manorialism was the political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were tied to their land and their lord through serfdom. The basic unit was the manor, a large self-sufficient land estate, or , under the control of a lord. were fighters who didn’t have time to work in the fields. , or small farmers, needed to grow food to live. Very few owned land.Under the manor system, which served as a new economic system, knights allowed to farm land on their large estates. In return they had to give the knights or other payment. were workers who were tied to the land on which they lived. They were not considered slaves, but they could not leave their land without the lord’s permission.7.34, Demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs, including Charlemagne, Gregory VII, and emperor Henry IV. Papacy: the office of ; a succession or line of popes; the term of a pope's reignThe was a period that lasted from about 500 to about 1500. This time is called the “middle” ages because it falls between ancient times and modern times.Another name for the Middle Ages is the period.Monks were men who lived apart from society in isolated communities. Communities of monks, or , were built all over Europe during the Middle Ages.Charlemagne was a brilliant and a strong , and he led the Franks in building a huge empire. Charlemagne’s empire included all of what is now France. Pope Gregory VII became pope in . He angered by disapproving of a bishop Henry had selected. (Chapter 18)7.35, Examine the Norman Invasion, Battle of Hastings, and the impact of the reign of William the Conqueror on England and Northern France.Based on the Slideshow describe the Battle of Hastings: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.36, Conduct a short research project explaining the significance of developments in medieval English legal and constitutional practices and their importance in the rise of modern democratic thought and representative institutions including trial by jury, the common law, Magna Carta, parliament, habeas corpus, and an independent judiciary in England. (ch. 18, p. 540 – 541)Trial by Jury: A jury trial or trial by jury is a legal proceeding in which a jury either makes a decision or makes findings of fact, which then direct the actions of a mon Law: ?The Common law of England was based on the principle that the rulings made by the King’s courts must be made according to the common custom of the realm.? Magna Carta: This document listed rights that the king could not ignore. In 1215 a group of nobles decided to force the king to respect their rights. They made King approve this document. This required the king to honor certain rights. One right was habeas corpus. Parliament: A council of nobles that was created to advise the king. In time, the council developed into Parliament, the body that governs England today. Habeas Corpus: The right of habeas corpus meant that people could not be kept in without a reason. They had to be charged with a crime and convicted at a jury trial before they could be sent to prison. Independent Judiciary: In the late 1600’s the king agreed to free the courts of his control. This creation of an independent judicial system was a key step in bringing to England. ................
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