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A. Crawford Mosley High School

SY2020-2021

Knowledge Handbook

U.S. MARINES THE WORLD'S GREATEST WARRIORS:

Why are U.S. Marines considered the world's premier warriors?

What puts the Marine Corps above the rest? Other military services have rigorous training and weapons of equal or greater lethality.

So, why do U.S. Marines stand head and shoulders above the crowd?

The truth lies in each person who wants to be a Marine. They did not just join the Marines. They must prove that they are Marines. Many have tried and failed. Only those who survive the crucible of Marine basic training, have been sculpted in mind and body into a Marine. They have become and proven they are Marines.

Once they have earned the title and entered the Brotherhood of Marines, then the new warrior can draw upon the legacy of his Corps. Therein lies their strength. In return, the strength of the Corps lies in the individual Marine. The character (often defined as "what you are in the dark") of these warriors is defined by the three constant Corps Values: Honor, Courage, and Commitment.

HONOR: Honor is many things; honor requires many things. A person with Honor must never lie, never cheat, never steal, but that is not enough. Much more is required. People must cling to an uncompromising code of personal integrity, accountable for his/her actions and holding others accountable for theirs. Honor also mandates that a JROTC Cadet never sully the reputation of our JROTC Program.

COURAGE: Simply stated, courage is honor in action -- and more. Courage is moral strength, the will to heed the inner voice of conscience, the will to do what is right regardless of the conduct of others. It is mental discipline, an adherence to a higher standard. Courage means willingness to take a stand for what is right in spite of adverse consequences. This courage, throughout the history of the Corps, has sustained Marines during the chaos, perils, and hardships of combat. And each day, it enables a Marine JROTC cadet to look in the mirror -- and be proud to be a cadet!

COMMITMENT: Dedication to School and Country. All for one, one for all. By whatever name or cliché, commitment is a combination of selfless determination and a relentless dedication to excellence. Marines never give up, never give in, never willingly accept second best. Excellence is always the goal. Marine JROTC cadets understand that Commitment never dies.

11 Leadership Principles

• Be technically and tactically proficient

• Know yourself and seek self improvement

• Know your people and look out for their welfare

• Keep your people informed

• Set the example

• Insure that the task is understood, supervised and accomplished.

• Train your people as a team

• Make sound and timely decisions

• Develop a sense of responsibility among subordinates

• Employ your command in accordance with its capabilities

• Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions

14 Leadership Traits with definitions

• Bearing- Creating a favorable impression, appearance

• Courage- Mental quality that recognizes fear or danger and criticism

• Decisiveness- Ability to reach sound decisions in a timely manner

• Dependability- Completing assigned tasks completely

• Endurance- Mental and physical strength

• Enthusiasm- Sincere interest in performing your task

• Initiative- Seeing what needs to be done and getting it done without being told to

• Integrity- Complete truth and honesty

• Judgment- Using facts to make sound decisions

• Justice- Being impartial and fair

• Knowledge- Acquired information, learning information

• Loyalty- Faithfulness to your organization and yourself

• Tact- The ability to deal with others without causing offense

• Unselfishness- Placing the welfare of your subordinate ahead of your own

Marine’s Hymn

|From the Halls of Montezuma, |Our flag’s unfurled to every breeze |Here’s health to you and to our corps |

|To the shores of Tripoli, |From dawn to setting sun. |Which we are proud to serve. |

|We will fight our country’s battles |We have fought in every clime and place |In many a strife we’ve fought for life |

|In the air, on land and sea. |Where we could take a gun. |And never lost our nerve. |

|First to fight for right and freedom, |In the snow of far off northern lands |If the Army and the Navy |

|And to keep our honor clean; |And in sunny tropic scenes, |Ever look on Heaven’s scenes, |

|We are proud to claim the title of |You will find us always on the job |They will find the streets are guarded by |

|UNITED STATES MARINE. |The UNITED STATES MARINES |UNITED STATES MARINES |

|Questions |

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|1. Who was the first Marine to receive the Medal of Honor? |

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|2. Who is the Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps? |

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|3. Who was the 1st Commandant of the Marine Corps? |

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|4. What is the Birth date of the U.S. Marine Corps? |

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|5. What is the Birth place of the U.S. Marine Corps? |

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|6. Who were the only 2 Marines to win the Medal of Honor twice? |

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|7. Who is the 1st Marine to win the Medal of Honor since the Vietnam War? |

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|8. Who was the 1st Marine Officer to wear the Mameluke Sword(Officer Sword) |

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|9. What is the Motto of the U.S. Marine Corps and what does it mean? |

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|10. What are the Marine Corps Colors? |

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|11. Who was the first Marine Corps Recruiter? |

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|12. Who was the 1st SgtMaj of the Marine Corps? |

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|Answers |

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|1. Corporal John Mackie(1862) |

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|2. Colonel Archibald Henderson, 5th Commandant(was Commandant for 39 years) |

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|3. Captain Samuel Nicholas |

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|4. 10 November 1775 |

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|5. Tun Tavern, Philadelphia, PA |

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|6. SgtMaj Dan Daly & Major General Smedley Butler |

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|7. Corporal Jason Dunham(2004), in Karbala, Iraq |

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|8. 1stLt Presley O’Bannon |

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|9. Semper Fidelis, Always Faithful |

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|10. Scarlet and Gold |

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|11. Robert Mullen |

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|12. SgtMaj Achibald Sommers |

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United States Marine Corps Enlisted Rank Structure

| |[pic] |

|The 1st 3 enlisted ranks are | |

|“entry level” or non-rate ranks| |

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|The next 2 enlisted ranks make |[pic] |

|up the Non-Commissioned | |

|Officer(NCO) ranks | |

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| |[pic][pic] |

|The remaining enlisted ranks | |

|make up the Staff NCO Ranks | |

United States Marine Corps Officer Rank Structure

|The first level of Officer |[pic] |

|ranks are the Warrant Officers | |

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|Company Grade Commissioned | |

|Officer Ranks | |

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|Field Grade Commissioned | |

|Officer Ranks | |

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|General Officer Ranks | |

|Questions |

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|11. WWI introduced what kind of warfare? |

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|12. Who did we fight in WWI? |

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|13. Who was nicknamed “Father of Amphibious Warfare” and Command an Army unit? |

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|14. Name the parts of the Marine Corps Emblem and describe each part. |

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|15. Who is known as the “Father of Marine Corps Aviation”? What year was Marine Corps |

|Aviation developed? |

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|16. What year was the Marine Corps Emblem adopted? |

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|17. Who was the 1st Woman Marine |

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|18. How far past the belt buckle can the web belt extend? |

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|19. Name the 2 Japanese Cities that were attacked with Atomic Bombs in WWII |

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|20. How many planes dropped the Atomic Bombs and what were there nicknames? |

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|Answers |

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|11. Trench Warfare |

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|12. The German Army |

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|13. General Holland “Howlin Mad” Smith |

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|14. Eagle(Represents our Nation), Globe(Represents worldwide service) & Anchor(Represent Naval Traditions) |

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|15. Major Alfred A. Cunningham, 1912 |

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|16. November 1868 |

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|17. Opha Mae Johnson, August 1918 |

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|18. 2 to 4 inches |

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|19. Hiroshima & Nagasaki |

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|20. Enola Gay dropped the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima(6 Aug 1945) and Bockscar dropped the Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki(9 Aug 1945) |

GENERAL ORDERS

1. To take charge of this post and all government property in view.

2. To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on the alert and observing

everything that takes place within sight or hearing.

3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.

4. To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the guardhouse than my own.

5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.

6. To receive, obey and pass on the sentry who relieves me, all orders from the

Commanding Officer, Officer of the Day, and Officers and Non-Commissioned

officers of the guard only.

7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty.

8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.

9. To call the Corporal of the Guard in any case not covered by instructions.

10. To salute all officers and colors and standards not cased.

11. To be especially watchful at night and during the time for challenging, challenge all

persons on or near my post, and to allow no one to pass without proper authority.

Famous Battles & Misc. Historical Gouge

• Mexican War (1848) - Veracruz and Mexico City (Montezuma and Chapultepec)

• World War I (1914 – 1918) – Belleau Wood in France

• World War II (1941 – 1945) – Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Saipan, Tarawa

• Korean War (1950 – 1953) – Chosin Reservoir

• Vietnam (1965 – 1972) – Hue City Khe Sahn

• Grenada (1983)

• Beirut (1982-1984)

• Kuwait (1991)

• Iraq (2003)

• Afghanistan (present)

• WWII ended with the dropping of 2 nuculer bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima

• Where was the first Marine Corps amphibious assault executed? A: New Povidence, Bahamas

• During the Revolutionary War, Marines served mostly aboard ships.

• At the battle of Bladensburg, 114 Marines, against 3,000 British Troops, 3 times; Marines prevailed!

• Marine raised the Stars and Stripes over Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and a Naval Base was formed.

• 33 Marines were awarded the Medal of Honor during the Boxer Rebellion.

• The US entered WWI with the sinking of the naval vessel, Luisitannia.

• In the 1920’s Marines were ordered to protect the mail with the order “Shoot to kill” from the president.

• On 7 December 1941, Naval Base Pearl Harbor, Hawaii was attacked by the Empire of Japan.

• On 8 December 1941, Guam was attacked by the Japanese Navy, where only 153 Marine & fewer Sailors were stationed to defend.

• The Battle of Midway was the turning point of WWII.

• 13 stars should be showing if the American flag is folded properly.

|Questions |

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|21. Which battle of 1812 was staged to defend Washington, DC and did it work? |

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|22. Before the battle of 1812 to defend Washington, DC which 1st Lady saved historic pictures of past Presidents? |

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|23. What is the name of the Marine that won 5 Navy Crosses? |

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|24. What is the significance of the red stripe on the Dress Blue Trousers? |

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|25. Why are Marines called Leathernecks? |

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|26. What is the name and type of dog that serves as the Marine Corps Mascot? |

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|27. Where did Marines get the nickname Devil Dog (or Teufel Hunden)? |

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|28. When and where was the first Marine Corps Amphibious Island? |

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|29. Where was the bloodiest Battle of the Pacific War during WWII? |

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|30. What is the size of steps cadets should take during Close Order Drill? |

|Answers |

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|21. The Battle of Bladensburg, MD and no it did not work, The British walked into Washington DC unopposed and burned it to the ground |

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|22. Dolly Madison |

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|23. LtGen Lewis B. (Chesty) Puller |

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|24. For the blood shed at the battle of Chapultepec (Mexican/American War Sep 1847); NCO’s and Officers suffered the most casualties from this battle, |

|therefore only NCO’s and Officers are authorized to wear the red Blood Stripe. |

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|25. Because of the high leather collars Marines used to wear to protect their necks. |

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|26. “Chesty” the bulldog |

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|27. What the Germans called Marines at the Battle of Belleau Wood(France) in 1918(WWI) |

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|28. March 1776, Island of New Providence in the Bahamas searching for supplies |

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|29. Island of Okinawa(Jun 1945); 100,000 Japanese killed & 12,000 Americans killed |

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|30. Quick Time(30 inch), Half Step & Backward Step(15 inch), Right/Left step(12 inch) |

|The 1st 3 cadet enlisted ranks are “entry level” or non-rate ranks |

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|Cadet Private |

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|“No Chevron” |

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|The next 2 cadet enlisted ranks make up the cadet Non-Commissioned Officer(NCO) ranks |

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|The remaining cadet enlisted ranks make up the cadet Staff NCO Ranks |

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|Cadet Company Grade Officer Ranks |

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|Cadet Field Grade Officer Ranks |

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|[pic] |

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|Questions |

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|31. Who was Jacob A. Zeilin? |

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|32. Who lead the Marines at the insurrection of Harpers Ferry? |

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|33. Where did Sergeant John H. Quick win his Medal of Honor? |

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|34. Name the American Flags from smallest to largest. |

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|35. Who was the most decorated Marine ever? |

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|36. What was the turning point for the War in the Pacific during WWII? |

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|37. What campaign did the Allies use against the Japanese during WWII? |

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|38. What Island was the American Flag raised on and a statue later created from picture? |

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|39. Who was the 13th Commandant and what is his significance? |

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|40. What mountain was the famous American Flag raised on at Iwo Jima during WWII? |

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|Answers |

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|31. 7th Commandant of the Marine Corps and 1st Marine Corps General |

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|32. Colonel Robert E. Lee |

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|33. Guantanamo Bay, Cuba during the Spanish-American War in the Battle for the Cuzco Well, the main water supply for the Spanish Soldiers |

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|34. Storm Flag(5’x9’6”) used for inclement weather and funerals, Post Flag(10’x19’) primary flag used on military bases and Garrison Flag(20’x38’) used for |

|Holiday’s |

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|35. LtGen Lewis “Chesty” Puller, winner of 5 Navy Crosses |

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|36. The Battle of Midway Island, American Intelligence tricked Japan to gain advantage |

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|37. Island Hopping Campaign, where we hopped from Island to Island winning battles |

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|38. The Island of Iwo Jima, 20,000 Japanese killed and 6,800 Allies killed |

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|39. LtGen John A. Lejeune, his Birthday message is read at Marine Corps Ball’s and there is a Marine Corps Base name after him(Camp Lejeune, NC) |

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|40. Mount Suribachi |

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Marine Corps JROTC Rank Structure

Drill Terms

|Types of Commands: |1. Preparatory Command – Indicates which movement is about to be executed |

| |2. Command of Execution – Causes the desired movement to be executed |

|Alignment |A straight line on which several elements are formed |

|Cadence |The uniform step and rhythm in marching |

|Cover |To align oneself behind the person to their immediate front |

|Distance |The pace between elements in depth; measured from back to chest. Normal distance is 40 inches |

|Guide |An individual upon whom a formation regulates its cadence and direction of march |

| |Space laterally between elements of the same line. Normal interval is one arms length measured from shoulder to shoulder. |

|Interval |Approximately 30 inches. Close interval is approximately 4 inches between shoulders |

|Line |A formation in which the elements are side by side |

|Dress |Alignment to the right or left as directed |

|Pace |A step of 30 inches, the length of a full step in marching at quick time |

| |Quick time – 30 inches measured from heel to heel |

|Length |Half step – 15 inches measured from heel to heel |

| |Back step – 15 inches measured from heel to heel |

| |Right / Left step – 12 inches measured from inside heel to inside heel |

|Rank |A line of individuals placed side by side |

|File |A single column of individuals placed one behind the other |

|Time |Quick time – 120 steps per minute (normal marching cadence) |

| |Double time – 180 steps per minute |

|Purpose of Drill |1. To move a unit from one place to another in an orderly manner. |

| |2. To teach discipline and coordination. |

| |3. Improve morale by developing team spirit |

Drill Commands

|There are 4 positions of rest for halted troops. They are “Parade Rest”, “At Ease”, “Rest” & “Fall Out” |

|The only command you can give after “Parade Rest” is “Attention” |

|On the command “At Ease”, keeping your right foot in place, you may move around, adjust your uniform but you may NOT talk |

|The 3 facing movements are “Right Face”, “Left Face” & “About Face” |

|From Double Time the command to resume “normal” marching is “Quick Time, March” |

|To march a unit to the rear for a short distance, the command is “To the Rear, March” |

|To move a unit a short distance to the right or left, the command is “Right or Left Step, March” |

|To march a unit backwards for a short distance, the command is “Backward, March” |

|Arm swing distance during “normal” marching is 6 inches to the front and 3 inches to the rear |

|Double Time March(running) are 36 inch steps at 180 steps per minute and the command given is “Double Time, March” |

|The command to resume normal marching from Double Time is “Quick Time, March” |

|Route Step march may be given on either foot and the command is “Route Step, March” |

|While you are in Route Step March, you are aloud to talk LOW but keep distance and cover in formation |

|To resume normal marching from Route Step, the command is “Squad or Company, Attention” |

Glossary of Terms

|Aye Aye, Sir |Official acknowledgment of an order |

|Barracks |A building where Marines live |

|Blouse |Coat |

|Bulkhead |Wall |

|Bunk or Rack |Bed |

|CMC |Commandant of the Marine Corps |

|CO |Commanding Officer |

|Colors |The National Flag |

|Cover |Hat |

|Deck |Floor |

|Drill |March |

|Field Day |Clean up the area |

|Gangway |Move out of the way |

|Gear locker |Storage room |

|Geedunk |Candy, Sweets |

|Gung Ho |Working together in the Spirit |

|Hatch |Door |

|Head |Bathroom |

|NCO |Noncommissioned Officer |

|NCOIC |Noncommissioned Officer in Charge |

|Overhead |Ceiling |

|Passageway |Corridor or hallway |

|PFT |Physical Fitness Test |

|Reveille |Time to get up |

|Secure |Stop work, put away, lock up |

|Square away |Straighten up |

|Swab |Mop |

|Police an area |Clean up an area |

|Fore or Bow of ship |Front of a ship |

|Aft or Stern of ship |Rear of a ship |

|All Hands |All personnel |

|Reveille |Time to get up |

|Scuttlebutt |Water fountain or rumor |

|Inboard |Towards the center(ex: towards the center of a ship) |

|Port |Left side(ex: left side of a ship |

|Starboard |Right side(ex: right side of a ship |

|Porthole |Window(or sometimes referred to as glasses) |

|As You Were |Disregard last order or command |

|Chow |Food |

|Fast Mover |Fixed Wing Marine Aircraft |

|Ladder well |Stairs |

|HQMC |Headquarters Marine Corps |

|Request Mast |Appeal through the Chain of Command about a grievance |

|Sick Bay |Medical |

|Sea bag |Duffle Bag used to put uniforms and civilian clothes in |

|Sea Lawyer |Someone that gives legal advice with NO legal education or experience |

|Shove off |Leave the vicinity(Area) |

|Inkstick |Pen |

|Questions |

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|41. What do the 13 Red and White Stripes and 50 Stars on the American Flag represent? |

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|42. What is the Four pointed embroidered pattern stitched on top of the Marine Officer’s Dress Blue Cover called? |

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|43. What is the only command you can give after you give the command “At, Ease”? |

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|44. What is the command to resume normal marching from Route Step? |

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|45. What event and the date of the event brought the U.S. into WWII? |

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|46. Name the 3 facing movements. |

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|47. What are the 2 types of commands? |

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|48. What should the distance be from back to chest while in formation? |

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|49. What should the distance be from shoulder to shoulder while in formation at Normal Interval and at Close Interval? |

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|50. What are the names of the swords carried by Marine Officers and enlisted personnel? |

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