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Matlab subplot tight layout

NOTE: Functionality similar to this File Exchange entry was added to MATLAB in R2019b.See the TiledLayout and this Pick of the Week Blog Post that introduces it. Jiro's pick this week is tightfig by Richard Crozier. Contents Subplot and its large margins In response to my last post, Richard Johnson asked whether we could write posts that compared similar entries, for instance "arrows" and "waitbars". Just for kicks, I searched the File Exchange for entries with the tag "waitbar", and it returned close to 70. One of these days, I may get around to testing all of them, but not right now. Hey, even the fact that there are a lot of "waitbar" entries has already been blogged about. With that daunting task of reviewing 70 files weighing heavily in my head, I came across Richard Crozier's tightfig. It caught my eye, because I like anything related to visualization, and people have asked about (how to get rid of) large margins in subplots. Then, I remembered seeing something similar before. In fact, Brett picked "tight subplot" earlier this year. Nice! Maybe I could compare these two files. After reading through the comments for tightfig, one of the commenters mentioned 5 other similar entries (subplot_tight, spaceplots, subplot1, subplotplus, tight_subplot). Sounds good! That's a more reasonable number of entries to review. Luckily, Richard has already done some reviews himself, but I'll try to add some of mine below. tightfig The first thing I want to mention is that tightfig has a different purpose than the other entries. The description on the entry page explains the purpose very well: "Alters a figure so that it has the minimum size necessary to enclose all axes in the figure without excess space around them." Note that this is about making the outer bounds of the figure tight. Its intention is not to modify any of the spacings between the axes, which is the primary purpose of the other entries. I'll say more on this later. figure('Color', [.8 .8 .8]); subplot(2,2,1); surf(peaks); shading interp title('Peaks'); ylabel(colorbar, 'Color Scale'); subplot(2,2,2); plot(rand(10,3)); xlabel('time'); ylabel('money'); subplot(2,2,3); imshow('peppers.png'); subplot(2,2,4); surf(membrane(1)); xlabel('x label'); ylabel('y label'); zlabel('z label'); tightfig is extremely simple to use. You just call it after creating your plots, and it applies to the current figure. That's one of my favorite things about this entry. tightfig; Review of the other entries Before looking into the other entries, I'd like to point out that the use case for tightfig is quite different from that of the others. One is for tightening the figure boundary, and the others are for controlling/tightening the axes boundaries. So it may not be an apples-to-apples comparison. Nonetheless, here I go. Oh, and try not to get confused with all the names. :) subplot_tight I find subplot_tight to be the easiest to use, since it has a syntax that is closest to the MATLAB function subplot. Not surprisingly, it is a wrapper around subplot, with an added option to specify the spacing between an axes and its neighbors. Because it's a wrapper, you can make use of the vector input syntax for the 3rd parameter (see below). The author also supplies a demo script to recreate his screenshot. figure; subplot_tight(2, 2, 1, .1); subplot_tight(2, 2, 2, .05); subplot_tight(2, 2, [3 4], .05); tight_subplot and subplot1 tight_subplot and subplot1 are quite similar. They both allow you to lay out a grid of subplots with arbitrary spacings and margins. tight_subplot is compact with just those parameters, i.e. spacing and margin, while subplot1 lets you control other axes properties, such as tick labels, label font size, and axes scale. I like that it gives me the ability to have the tick labels only displayed on the outside with subplot1 (see example below). % tight_subplot figure; hA = tight_subplot(3, 2, [.01 .03], [.1 .01], [.01 .01]); % subplot1 figure; subplot1(3, 2, 'Gap', [.01 .03], 'XTickL', 'Margin', 'YTickL', 'Margin'); spaceplots spaceplots works like tightfig, in that you create your figure first with subplots, then call spaceplots to adjust the spacings and margins. This function, unlike tightfig, will allow you to adjust the spacings between axes, not just the outside margin. The part that I like most is that it will work with irregular-grid subplots (see example below). However, there's a caveat that it only works on axes created using subplot. figure; subplot(2, 2, [1 2]); plot(rand(10, 3)); subplot(2, 2, 3); surf(peaks); title('Peaks') subplot(2, 2, 4); contourf(peaks); % 0 margin, 0.02 (normalized) spacing spaceplots([0 0 0 0], [.02 .02]); subplotplus subplotplus is the king of custom subplots. It comes with a price of somewhat cryptic syntax, but once you understand it (with the help of an example script), it can let you custom layout your subplots in any configuration you like. It even includes the ability to "glue" axes together so that they have a common axis. cell71={{['-g']};{['-g']};{['-g']};{['-g']};{['-g']};{['-g']};{['-g']}}; cell41={{['-g']};{['-g']};{['-g']};{['-g']}}; figure; C = {{{{[]},{[]}};cell41},cell71}; [h,labelfontsize] = subplotplus(C); Conclusion So what have I concluded from this review? There are multiple solutions to a problem! They all have unique ways of tackling the problem, and some solve a slightly different problem than others. Overall, I prefer the "post-processing" type functions, tightfig and spaceplots. I tend to do my exploratory plotting in a rough state, and once I have a plot I like, then I start making things look nicer. But of course, with an interactive tool like MATLAB, even the "pre-processing" type functions can be introduced at a later step. Comments I'm interested to hear from anyone who has looked at all/any/one of these entries. Give us your feedback here. Published with MATLAB? R2012b How to use tight-layout to fit plots within your figure cleanly.tight_layout automatically adjusts subplot params so that the subplot(s) fits in to the figure area. This is an experimental feature and may not work for some cases. It only checks the extents of ticklabels, axis labels, and titles. In matplotlib, the location of axes (including subplots) are specified in normalized figure coordinates. It can happen that your axis labels or titles (or sometimes even ticklabels) go outside the figure area, and are thus clipped. To prevent this, the location of axes needs to be adjusted. For subplots, this can be done by adjusting the subplot params (Move the edge of an axes to make room for tick labels). Matplotlib v1.1 introduced Figure.tight_layout that does this automatically for you. fig, ax = plt.subplots() example_plot(ax, fontsize=24) plt.tight_layout() Note that matplotlib.pyplot.tight_layout() will only adjust the subplot params when it is called. In order to perform this adjustment each time the figure is redrawn, you can call fig.set_tight_layout(True), or, equivalently, set rcParams["figure.autolayout"] (default: False) to True. When you have multiple subplots, often you see labels of different axes overlapping each other. tight_layout() will also adjust spacing between subplots to minimize the overlaps. tight_layout() can take keyword arguments of pad, w_pad and h_pad. These control the extra padding around the figure border and between subplots. The pads are specified in fraction of fontsize. tight_layout() will work even if the sizes of subplots are different as far as their grid specification is compatible. In the example below, ax1 and ax2 are subplots of a 2x2 grid, while ax3 is of a 1x2 grid. It works with subplots created with subplot2grid(). In general, subplots created from the gridspec (Customizing Figure Layouts Using GridSpec and Other Functions) will work. plt.close('all') fig = plt.figure() ax1 = plt.subplot2grid((3, 3), (0, 0)) ax2 = plt.subplot2grid((3, 3), (0, 1), colspan=2) ax3 = plt.subplot2grid((3, 3), (1, 0), colspan=2, rowspan=2) ax4 = plt.subplot2grid((3, 3), (1, 2), rowspan=2) example_plot(ax1) example_plot(ax2) example_plot(ax3) example_plot(ax4) plt.tight_layout() Although not thoroughly tested, it seems to work for subplots with aspect != "auto" (e.g., axes with images). GridSpec has its own GridSpec.tight_layout method (the pyplot api pyplot.tight_layout also works). You may provide an optional rect parameter, which specifies the bounding box that the subplots will be fit inside. The coordinates must be in normalized figure coordinates and the default is (0, 0, 1, 1). For example, this can be used for a figure with multiple gridspecs. fig = plt.figure() gs1 = gridspec.GridSpec(2, 1) ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs1[0]) ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs1[1]) example_plot(ax1) example_plot(ax2) gs1.tight_layout(fig, rect=[0, 0, 0.5, 1]) gs2 = gridspec.GridSpec(3, 1) for ss in gs2: ax = fig.add_subplot(ss) example_plot(ax) ax.set_title("") ax.set_xlabel("") ax.set_xlabel("x-label", fontsize=12) gs2.tight_layout(fig, rect=[0.5, 0, 1, 1], h_pad=0.5) # We may try to match the top and bottom of two grids :: top = min(, ) bottom = max(gs1.bottom, gs2.bottom) gs1.update(top=top, bottom=bottom) gs2.update(top=top, bottom=bottom) plt.show() Out: /root/matplotlib/tutorials/intermediate/tight_layout_guide.py:227: UserWarning: This figure includes Axes that are not compatible with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect. gs2.tight_layout(fig, rect=[0.5, 0, 1, 1], h_pad=0.5) While this should be mostly good enough, adjusting top and bottom may require adjustment of hspace also. To update hspace & vspace, we call GridSpec.tight_layout again with updated rect argument. Note that the rect argument specifies the area including the ticklabels, etc. Thus, we will increase the bottom (which is 0 for the normal case) by the difference between the bottom from above and the bottom of each gridspec. Same thing for the top. fig = plt.gcf() gs1 = gridspec.GridSpec(2, 1) ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs1[0]) ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs1[1]) example_plot(ax1) example_plot(ax2) gs1.tight_layout(fig, rect=[0, 0, 0.5, 1]) gs2 = gridspec.GridSpec(3, 1) for ss in gs2: ax = fig.add_subplot(ss) example_plot(ax) ax.set_title("") ax.set_xlabel("") ax.set_xlabel("x-label", fontsize=12) gs2.tight_layout(fig, rect=[0.5, 0, 1, 1], h_pad=0.5) top = min(, ) bottom = max(gs1.bottom, gs2.bottom) gs1.update(top=top, bottom=bottom) gs2.update(top=top, bottom=bottom) top = min(, ) bottom = max(gs1.bottom, gs2.bottom) gs1.tight_layout(fig, rect=[None, 0 + (bottom-gs1.bottom), 0.5, 1 - (-top)]) gs2.tight_layout(fig, rect=[0.5, 0 + (bottom-gs2.bottom), None, 1 - (-top)], h_pad=0.5) Out: /root/matplotlib/tutorials/intermediate/tight_layout_guide.py:267: UserWarning: This figure includes Axes that are not compatible with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect. gs2.tight_layout(fig, rect= [0.5, 0, 1, 1], h_pad=0.5) /root/matplotlib/tutorials/intermediate/tight_layout_guide.py:278: UserWarning: This figure includes Axes that are not compatible with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect. gs1.tight_layout(fig, rect=[None, 0 + (bottom-gs1.bottom), /root/matplotlib/tutorials/intermediate/tight_layout_guide.py:280: UserWarning: This figure includes Axes that are not compatible with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect. gs2.tight_layout(fig, rect=[0.5, 0 + (bottom-gs2.bottom), Pre Matplotlib 2.2, legends and annotations were excluded from the bounding box calculations that decide the layout. Subsequently these artists were added to the calculation, but sometimes it is undesirable to include them. For instance in this case it might be good to have the axes shring a bit to make room for the legend: However, sometimes this is not desired (quite often when using fig.savefig('outname.png', bbox_inches='tight')). In order to remove the legend from the bounding box calculation, we simply set its bounding leg.set_in_layout(False) and the legend will be ignored.

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