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Vocabulary: these will not be asked as this exam will be open dictionaryFor your long-term benefit and to help you read more fluently, accurately, and quickly, know all assigned vocabulary from Chapters 1-45 including Word Study rulesKnow such idioms such as quō mōdō, castra pōnere/movēre, rēs idioms, bellum gerere, multā nocte, diē constitūtā, iter facere, mille passūs v. mīlia passuum, orbis terrārum, ferro et igne, certiōrem facere, idioms with compounds of ferre, etc. KNOWING YOUR VOCAB WILL REDUCE THE TIME YOU SPEND FLIPPING THROUGH THE DICTIONARY IN A SWEATY PANICGrammar: this may not be asked per se as a dedicated section outside of reading comprehension questions, but is necessary knowledge to read and translate “at level”Conjugate verbs in all FOUR conjugations, including 3rd –IO:Indicative & Subjunctive Forms, active and passiveImperative forms: present active, singular and plural Infinitive forms: all tenses, active and passiveParticiples; all tenses, active and passive Conceptual understanding and ability to read/manipulate deponent verbsConjugate irregular verbs or normal verbs with some irregularities:sum, esse and its compounds (adsum, absum, etc.) including possum, posse defective verb inquam(including irregular imperatives of dūcere, facere, dīcere, and ferre)ferō, ferre and eō, īre (and compounds)volō (and ability to handle nōlō and mālō in a translation)Decline:1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th declension nouns, including 3rd I-stem nouns, M&F and N2-1-2 and 3rd declension adjectives (of any of the three degrees) in agreement with nouns of any declension“Nasty Nine” adjectives with and irregular genitive (–ius) and dative (–ī )singularsDemonstrative, Intensive, Personal, Relative, Interrogative, and Reflexive Pronoun/Adjective (hic, haec, hoc and ille, illa, illud and iste, ista, istud; is, ea, id; ipse, ipsa, ipsum and īdem, eadem, idem; ego; tū; nōs; vōs; is, ea, id; quī, quae, quod; quis, quid; suī, sibi, sē, sē vs. suus, -a, -um)Cases:All new case constructions introduced this year in the textbook Genitive: Objective, Partitive/Of the WholeDative: With Special Adjectives, Purpose, Reference (“Double Dative” = Purpose and Reference), With Special Verbs/Object of Intransitive Verbs (crēdō, noceō, pareō)Accusative: Duration of Time/Extent of Space, Subject of Infinitive (in Indirect Statement or of the Objective Infinitive)Ablative of Time When, Time Within Which, Comparison, Degree of Difference, Cause, Respect/Specification, SeparationCase constructions taught outside of the textbook: Dative of Possession, Dative of Agent (used with Passive Periphrastic), Ablative Absolute, Ablative of Description, Locative Place Where (e.g. rūrī, hūmī, domī, Rōmae, Carthāginī, Athēnīs, etc.)Other Topics All cases and constructions covered through Chapter 44 (technically 43, but let’s be real and acknowledge 44 too) + cases and constructions taught for the NLE and CAV Infinitives: Complementary Infinitives (with possum, debeō, etc.)Subjective Infinitives (infinitive as subject of another verb, which is often a form of esse)Objective Infinitives (after iubeō, vetō, cogō, prohibeō, etc.)Most of the “applied” infinitives will show up in Indirect StatementParticiplesFormation and agreement rules for all participles including future passiveTranslation, including variations, of all participlesApplied use of the Future Passive Participle with forms of esse as “Passive Periphrastic/Gerundive” (e.g. mihi ille discipulus ex fenestrā iaciendus est)Indirect StatementIntroduced by main verb, “Adam’s Apple” actions (i.e. seeing, hearing, thinking, perceiving, believing, saying, etc.) Accusative subject, predicate, and appositive of subject“Relative time” of infinitives – translation depends on tense of infinitive and how it relates to tense of main verbComparison of Adjectives and AdverbsRegular comparisons; “Alternative” comparisons (ER adjectives, the “SIX” ILIS, -IUS/EUS); Irregular comparisons – specific vocabulary; Defective comparisons – lacking a positive degreeStatements of Comparison: Quam comparing two items in the same case, Ablative of Comparison; Ablative degree of differenceQuam + the superlative adverb = “as __________(ly) as possible”Hortatory/Jussive SubjunctiveTranslation into English Use of nē for negativeDistinguish the translation from Potential Subjunctive (depends on where the “may” goes in English, i.e. “may you...” vs. “you may...”) and any other uses of the Subjunctive in independent clauses (e.g. optative, deliberative)Basic Adverbial Purpose Clauses and other dependent clauses covered in class (cum clauses, result, indirect question, etc.)ut for positive, nē for negative purpose clausesLimited range of subjunctive tenses (present, imperfect) for purpose clausesidiomatic (“to...”; “in order to...”) and literal “may” (present tense) and “might” (imperfect tense) translationsother grammar rules taught for other dependent clauses of the subjunctiveReading Comprehension, Grammatical Analysis and Translation: written translation, multiple choice, fill in the blank, true/falseAll will be “sight” readings, BUT, you can prepare by reviewing:Jenney’s First Year Latin stories from Chapters 37-49 and various other sources “at sight”Fabulae Romanae Stories covered in the curriculum38 Latin Stories selections (Watching the Orator at Work, The Virtues of the Orator Cato, The Character of Catiline’s Followers, Lucretia: Paragon of Virtue, the adapted versions of Catullus Carmina 5 and 109, etc.)A print dictionary will be permitted during the exam.Extra Credit:Cultural and historical information from various readings in class and documentary videos this year (as applicable)Information from the active reading of excerpts from Chronicles of the Roman Republic (Cicero)Additional grammar concepts not formally taught but “played with” during the school year ................
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