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Chapter 20: Acid-Base Balance (Practice Test)The enzyme that converts carbon dioxide & water into carbonic acid is _____________________________________ are chemical substances that prevent sharp changes in pH when an acid or base is added to itIf a strong acid such as HCI were added to the buffer pair NaHCO3, and H2CO3, the NaHCO3 would become _____________________If a strong base such as NaOH were added to the buffer pair in question 3, the H2CO3 would become ____________________The part of the nephron that is important in regulation of blood pH is the ___________When NH2 (amine) is used by the kidney to remove hydrogen ions from the blood, the end products that leave the body in the urine are NH3 and _________________________When the kidney removes hydrogen ions from the blood, the pH of urine will _________The kidney is more effective in pH regulation that the lung because it can remove ___________________, which the lung cannot doThe condition in which the blood pH is higher than normal is called __________________The condition in which the blood pH is lower than normal is called _________________For the buffer pair to function properly, the concentration of NaHCO3 must be ________________ times greater than the concentration of H2CO3Metabolic disturbances usually have an effect on the ______________ part of the buffer pair Respiratory disturbances usually have an effect on the ____________ part of the buffer pairSever vomiting is a metabolic disturbance that can cause metabolic _______________An acid solution has:A pH greater than 7.0A pH less that 7.0More hydroxide ions than hydrogen ionsBoth a and cAn alkaline solution has A pH greater than 7.0A pH less than 7.0More hydrogen ions than hydroxide ionsBoth b and c Which of the following statements is true?A solution with a pH of 5 has more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 2A solution with a pH of 9 is a baseThe pH value increases as the number of hydrogen ions increaseBoth a and c Systemic arterial blood has a pH of 7.45, and systemic venous blood has a pH of 7.35; therefore:Arterial blood is slightly more acid than venous bloodArterial blood is slightly more alkaline than venous bloodVenous blood is slightly more alkaline than arterial bloodBoth a and c for 19-24 fill in blank with either increases or decreases as appropriate When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the amount of NaHCO3 in the bloodWhen a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the amount of H2CO3 in the bloodWhen a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the pH of the blood Anything that causes an excessive increase in the respiration rate __________ the pH of the blood Anything that causes an appreciable decrease in the respiration rate __________ the pH of the blood Match AcidBase ___ lower concentration of hydrogen ions that hydroxide ions___ higher concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions___ gastric juice ___ saliva___ arterial blood ___ venous blood ___ orange juice ___ milk ___ ammonia ___ egg white When carbon dioxide enters the blood, it reacts with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to form:Sodium bicarbonateWater and carbon dioxideAmmonium chlorideBicarbonate ionCarbonic acidThe lungs remove ______ liters of carbonic acid each day1015202530When a buffer reacts with a strong acid, it changes the strong acid to a:Weak acidStrong baseWeak baseWaterNone of the aboveWhich one of the following is NOT a change in the blood the results from the buffering of fixed acids in tissue capillaries?The amount of carbonic acid increases slightly The amount of bicarbonate in blood decreasesThe hydrogen ion concentration of blood increases slightlyThe blood pH decreases slightly All of the above are changes that result from the buffering of fixed acids in tissue capillariesThe most abundant acid in the body is:HCILactic acidCarbonic acidAcetic acidSulfuric acidThe normal ratio of sodium bicarbonate to carbonic acid in arterial blood is:5:110:115:120:1None of the above Which of the following would NOT be a consequence of holding your breath?The amount of carbonic acid in the blood increasesThe blood pH decreasesThe body develops an alkalosisNo carbon dioxide leaves the body Which of the following is NOT true of the kidneys?They can eliminate larger amounts of acid than the lungsMore bases that acids are usually excreted by the kidneysIf the kidneys fail, homeostasis of acid-base balance failsThey are the most effective regulators of blood pH The pH of the urine may be as low as:1.62.53.24.87.4In the distal tubule cells, the product of the reaction aided by carbonic anhydrase is:WaterCarbon dioxide Water and carbon dioxide Hydrogen ionsCarbonic acidA pH lower than 7.0 indicates:An acid solution An alkaline solution A lower concentration of hydrogen that hydroxide ions Both a and cThe overall pH range is expressed numerically on what is called a(n):pH calculator acid-base numerator logarithmic scale of 1-14hydrogen-hydroxide value indicator Chemical substances that prevent a sharp change in the pH of a fluid when an acid or base is added to it are called:BuffersKetone bodiesEnzymesFixed acidsLactic acid and other “fixed” acids are buffered by ______ in the blood.Hydrochloric acidCarbonic acidCarbon dioxideSodium bicarbonate Which of the following occurs during the vomit reflex?Hypersalivation Glottis opensDiaphragm relaxesCardiac sphincter contracts Which of the following is responsible for regulating the pH of body fluids?Respiratory mechanism Urinary mechanism Buffer mechanism All of the above Which of the following statements regarding metabolic disturbances is correct?Metabolic acidosis is a bicarbonate deficitMetabolic alkalosis is a bicarbonate excessMetabolic alkalosis is a complication of severe vomiting All of the above are correctWhich of the following statements regarding respiratory disturbances is correct?Depression of the respiratory center by center by drugs or disease can cause respiratory acidosis Hyperventilation can result in respiratory alkalosis Excess carbon dioxide in the arterial blood contributes to respiratory acidosis All of the above The key to acid-base balance is the:CO2 ratio Buffer mechanism Ration of respirations to blood pH levelsRatio of NaHCO3 to H2COWhich statement is false regarding to blood after expired respirations?It has fewer hydrogen ions that deoxygenated blood entering pulmonary circulation It has a higher pH than does the deoxygenated blood entering the pulmonary circulation It contains less H2CO3 that does the deoxygenated blood entering pulmonary circulation The lungs remove approximately 10 L of carbonic acid each day from the venous blood by the elimination of CO2Match Metabolic acidosisMetabolic alkalosisRespiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis VomitingNormal salineKetoacidosisHyperventilation Hypersalivation Anxiety ___ emesis ___ uncontrolled type 1 diabetes___ chloride-containing solution ___ bicarbonate deficit___ present during emesis___ bicarbonate excess___ rapid breathing___ carbonic acid excess___ carbonic acid deficit___ hyperventilation syndrome Match Excessive fat metabolism Red blood cell enzymeAcidpH imbalance lactic acidbaking sodaalkalinerespiratory acidosis arterial blood pH greater than 7.0respiratory alkalosis ___ blood ___ gastric juice ___ alkalosis ___ “fixed” acid___ buffer___ ketone bodies___ carbonic anhydrase ___ acidosis ___ hyperventilation ___ emphysemaANSWERS Carbonic anhydrase43. DBuffers44. DH2CO345. DNaHCO346. E,G,F,A,I,B,H,C,D,JDistal tubule 47. G,C,I,E,F,A,B,D,J,HNH4+Decrease BaseAlkalosisAcidosis 20NaHCO3 (bicarbonate)H2CO3AlkalosisBABBDecreases Increases IncreasesDecreasesIncreasesDecreases B,A,A,B,B,B,A,A,B,BEEAECDCBDEACADADDChapter 20: Acid Base Balance (Practice Test 2)1. Which of the following is a numerical symbol used to indicate a solution’s hydrogen ion concentration compared with hydroxide concentration?a. %b. #c. pHd. mEq/L2. These mechanisms of the body operate to maintain the constancy of pH.a. Buffers, respiratory mechanism, and urinary mechanismb. Buffers, mechanical mechanism, and urinary mechanismc. Buffers, respiratory mechanism, and electrolyte mechanismd. Respiratory mechanism, urinary mechanism, and electrolyte mechanism3. A substance that prevents sharp changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or base is added is called a:a. ketone.b. neutralizer.c. bicarbonate.d. buffer.4. Which of the following does not occur in blood as a result of buffering of fixed acids in tissue capillaries?a. The amount of H2CO3 in blood increases slightly.b. The amount of bicarbonate in blood decreases.c. Blood pH increases slightly.d. The H+ concentration of blood increases slightly.5. Which of the following statements is true regarding the pH of blood? Arterial blood has:a. a pH of 7.37 and venous blood has a pH of 7.4.b. a pH of 7.4 and venous blood has a pH of 7.37.c. the same pH of venous blood (7.35).d. the same pH of venous blood (7.4).6. The accumulation of these acidic substances is a result of excessive metabolism of fats.a. Buffersb. H+c. Ketone bodiesd. CO27. The technique adopted by some athletes that involves ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate to counteract the effect of lactic acid buildup is called:a. buffering.b. emesis.c. bicarbonate loading.d. chloride shift.8. When respiration is decreased, CO2 content:a. increases, H2CO3 increases, and pH increases.b. decreases, H2CO3 decreases, and pH increases.c. increases, H2CO3 increases, and pH decreases.d. decreases, H2CO3 increases, and pH decreases.9. A decrease in blood pH below normal (acidosis) tends to:a. stimulate increased respirations.b. inhibit respirations.c. prolong hypoventilation.d. increase vomiting.10. Anything that causes an excessive increase in respirations will in time produce:a. acidosis.b. ketone bodies.c. alkalosis.d. diabetic ketoacidosis.11. The body’s last and best defense against wide variations in blood pH is the:a. liver.b. lungs.c. interstitial fluid.d. kidneys.12. When a hydrogen ion diffuses out of the tubule cell into the urine and is combined with NH2, it forms __________ and ammonium ions, which leave the body in the urine.a. a bufferb. ammoniac. carbonic acidd. a bicarbonate13. Disturbances in the acid-base balance can be dependent on the relative ratio of:a. CO2 and O2.b. CO2 and H2CO3.c. NaHCO3 and H2CO3.d. H2CO3 and CO2.14. Blood levels of NaHCO3 are regulated by the kidneys while H2CO3 levels are regulated by the:a. lungs.b. liver.c. interstitial fluid.d. urinary system.15. If the respiratory system had not yet compensated for a drop in pH resulting from a metabolic condition, then we would label it a case of:a. compensated metabolic acidosis.b. uncompensated metabolic alkalosis.c. compensated metabolic alkalosis.d. uncompensated metabolic acidosis.ANSWERSCADCBCCCACDBCAD ................
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